Presence of COVID-19 in Sewage and Its Potential Impact on Water Supply

This research paper analyzes the presence of COVID-19 in sewage and its potential impact on water supply. It evaluates the causes, effects, and ways to reduce the impact of COVID-19 in sewage. The study shows that COVID-19 can spread through water and sewage water, and the survival period of the virus in the environment of water depends on various factors. The research also suggests ways to reduce the risk of transmission of the pathogen through water or sewage water.

Presence of COVID-19 in sewage with potential
to enter the water supply

Table of Contents
ABSTRACT.....................................................................................................................................1
TITLE..............................................................................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION (500)..................................................................................................................2
AIM........................................................................................................................................3
RESEARCH OBJECTIVE.....................................................................................................3
RESEARCH QUESTIONS....................................................................................................3
RATIONALE FOR THE RESEARCH...........................................................................................3
LITERATURE REVIEW (2000).....................................................................................................3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY (1500).........................................................................................3
RESULT (1000)...............................................................................................................................4
DISCUSSION (1000)......................................................................................................................4
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION (500).....................................................................4
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................5

ABSTRACT
The presence of COVID-19 in water and sewage water has currently reported and analysed.
Therefore, the literature interprets information which shows that the stools and mask of patient
who is diagnosed with COVID-19 were considered as central route of COVID-19 transmission
and spread into water and sewage water. In addition, most of the COVID-19 and type is attack
human which is possible for SARS-CoV-2 that often inactivated instantly in presence of water.
i.e. rate of survival of human covid-19 virus that is 229E in water being 7 days at the temperature
of 23 degrees Celsius. Moreover, the survival period of virus in the environment of water is
strongly depend on the temperature, property of water concentration of solid which is present
inside the water base and organic matter is also taking under the consideration. According to
World Health Organisation, they indicated that present disinfection process related with drinking
water will be effectively inactivate most of the bacterial and viral communities which is present
in water especially SARS-CoV-2 which is more sensitive to other disinfectant like free chlorine.
This research paper is usually focus on the presence of COVID-19 within water of waste water
supply. The effect and causes is also analysed which is central part of investigation, with this,
ways are also analyse which is suitable in order to reduce the impact that may render health of
people or so on.
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TITLE
“Presence of COVID-19 in sewage with potential to enter the water supply”
INTRODUCTION (500)
Covid-19 epidemic is act an outbreak which shows outcome that is severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus with acronym of SARS-CoV that is present and cause global issue within
healthcare community and population alike due to the unavailability of human coronavirus
vaccine. As per this, the causative agent of this covid-19 is refer as the SARS-CoV-2 which is
tentatively pronounce like 2019-nCOV (Adelodun and et. al., 2020). With this topic, the
discussion indicates that Covid-19 infected communities living within apartment building where
waste water plumbing system has been well taking under the consideration which is showing the
potential for transmitting the SARS-CoV-1 coronavirus into the sewer system since 2013 (Zhang
and et. al., 2020). In fact, it is also reported that the SARS-COV-2 and SARS-COV-1 virus
which can spread via the aspect of aerosol or the microscopic water droplet. Therefore, it is also
depending on the inoculum shed the virus which can be remain viable and infectious on surface
and in making the fact of aerosols (Adelodun and et. al., 2021).
Furthermore, they usually collected sample collected from air outlet fans, door handle,
sinks and toilet which is positive that confirm that SARS-CoV-2 which is well transmitted
through the aspect of stool of the infected people who is facing the issue of Covid-19. They
usually collected the high touch surface sample of the quarantine room sites. As per this, it is also
analysing that there is high rate of percentage of collected sample which is positive for SARS-
CoV-2 is as follow where 70 percent is from bedroom and after that 50 percent from bathroom
and 33 percent from corridor. It is also evaluated that most of the site which is contaminated with
highest viral load is determined by the inner walls of the toilet bowl and the sewer inlet in the
room or surface. In addition, such transmission pathway through the sanitary of waste water
plumbing system which is might likely that is showing the responsibilities for environmental
contamination and spread of Covid-19 in the term of communities (Barrios and et. al., 2021). As
per this, they usually provide the several recommendation is help to ensure that transmission
through the waste water plumbing system which is must be reduced. While making abbreviate of
the all information, it is completely true that the spread of pathogen is possible through medium
of water or sewage water which impact the health of people (Yusoff and et. al., 2021). In
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addition, research work also covers the suggestive aspect which is about ways that used to avoid
the risk of transmission the pathogen through medium of waste water or drinking water. Overall,
due to the rise in the issue of Covid-19 pandemic causes severe respiratory illness and other
related causalities people are always motivated or force to follow the compulsory policy to wear
face mask such cloth, surgical or even the self-made mask in the public place as the state of
precaution against the spread and infection of SARS-CoV-2 (Patel and et. al., 2021).
AIM
To understand the impact of presence of COVID-19 in sewage with potential to enter water
supply.
RESEARCH OBJECTIVE
 To analyse the notion of presence of COVID-19 in sewage with potential to enter water
supply.
 To evaluate the causes and negative effect of presence of COVID-19 in sewage with
potential to enter water supply.
 To examine the ways that used to reduce the impact of presence of COVID-19 in sewage
with potential to enter water supply.
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
 What are the notion of presence of COVID-19 in sewage with potential to enter water
supply?
 What are the causes and negative effect of presence of COVID-19 in sewage with
potential to enter water supply?
 What are the ways that used to reduce the impact of presence of COVID-19 in sewage
with potential to enter water supply?
RATIONALE FOR THE RESEARCH
LITERATURE REVIEW (2000)
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY (1500)
Research philosophy: Positivism and Interpretivisim
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Research approach: Deductive approach
Research choice: Quantitative choice (Mono-Method)
Research method: Primary method
Research tool and technique: Questionnaire
RESULT (1000)
DISCUSSION (1000)
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION (500)
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Adelodun, B., Ajibade, F.O., Ibrahim, R.G., Bakare, H.O. and Choi, K.S., 2020. Snowballing
transmission of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) through wastewater: Any sustainable
preventive measures to curtail the scourge in low-income countries?. Science of the Total
Environment, 742, p.140680.
Adelodun, B., Tiamiyu, A.O., Ajibade, F.O., Odey, G., Ibrahim, R.G., Goala, M., Bakare, H.O.,
Ajibade, T.F., Adeniran, J.A., Adeniran, K.A. and Choi, K.S., 2021. Presence, detection,
and persistence of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater and the sustainable remedial measures.
In Environmental and health management of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) (pp.
91-114). Academic Press.
Barrios, R.E., Lim, C., Kelley, M.S. and Li, X., 2021. SARS-CoV-2 concentrations in a
wastewater collection system indicated potential COVID-19 hotspots at the zip code
level. Science of The Total Environment, 800, p.149480.
Patel, M., Chaubey, A.K., Pittman Jr, C.U., Mlsna, T. and Mohan, D., 2021. Coronavirus
(SARS-CoV-2) in the environment: Occurrence, persistence, analysis in aquatic systems
and possible management. Science of The Total Environment, 765, p.142698.
Yusoff, F.M., Abdullah, A.F., Aris, A.Z. and Umi, W.A.D., 2021. Impacts of COVID-19 on the
aquatic environment and implications on aquatic food production. Sustainability, 13(20),
p.11281.
Zhang, D., Ling, H., Huang, X., Li, J., Li, W., Yi, C., Zhang, T., Jiang, Y., He, Y., Deng, S. and
Zhang, X., 2020. Potential spreading risks and disinfection challenges of medical
wastewater by the presence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2
(SARS-CoV-2) viral RNA in septic tanks of Fangcang Hospital. Science of the Total
Environment, 741, p.140445.
Online
Tracking COVID-19 with wastewater, 2020 [Online] Available through:
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41587-020-0690-1
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in water and wastewater: A critical review about presence and
concern, 2021 [Online] Available through:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7528884/
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