Effects of Crime and Perceived Discrimination on Human Values

This study aims to determine the effects of crime and perceived discrimination on human values. The study will use descriptive research design and three methods of data collection namely oral interviews, questionnaires and focus group discussion.

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STUDENTS NAME
NAME OF THE COURSE
PROFESSOR NAME
NAME OF THE SCHOOL
CITY OF THE SCHOOL
DATE

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EFFECTS OF CRIME AND PERCEIVED DISCRIMINATION ON HUMAN VALUES
INTRODUCTION.
Discrimination is the wrong judgment and or treatment of people based on characters
beyond their control such as such as race, gender, age or sexual orientation Asch (2017). Humans
naturally learn to put things into categories to make the world easier to understand. Most of the
time discrimination stems from fear and misunderstanding. Discrimination is about excluding
and subordinating other groups to make them feel inferior.
There is an agreement that discrimination is a learned behavior. There is, however, no
agreement as to its cause. The process of discrimination starts with parents and later teachers.
These people have a direct impact on the formation of attitudes of children Olsen (2015). Social
and print media have played a major role in discrimination by solidifying the discrimination
attitudes giving them social legitimacy to discriminate.
Crime is a punishable offense that is against the law; a crime could be committed to an
individual, community or nation. These actions are usually forbidden and punishable by law
(Andrews & Bonta (2014). Crimes everyone can relate to such as murder, rape and theft are
prohibited but happen worldwide almost on a daily basis.
The society has tried to explain crime and there are three broad perspectives that have
attempted to explain crime. Earlier in time crime was thought to be an invertible product of poor
parenting, the unwillingness of immigrants to conform to American society and urban squalor.
This was disputed since some criminals are people raised in nice homes with parents who were
born America Forst (2016).
From the middle 18th century until the 1950 crime was explained to be a symptom of
individual psychological flaw that required treatment and guidance, not punishment and
condemning. Finally, a theory of environmental cause which basic basically attributes crime to
social conditions over which an individual has no control over Forst (2016). A person brought up
in the shanty background is likely to commit crime at some point in their life since it’s
normalized.

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According to these explanations, crime is the result of either external conditions or this
being an abnormal psychological type. In all the cases the offender should neither be held
responsible nor punished for their criminal acts. The question then becomes what happens to the
victim, does the harm caused to them by offenders just go away after the acts.
Studies show that an increase in crime levels make communities decline. This is in terms
of mobility of residents, weaker attachments of residents; less local community involvement. The
neighborly love is an important human value Wellman (2018).
Race discrimination causes violence and this is shown in Hollywood movies. People of
different colors (white and black) fight each other because one group feel discriminated while the
other is bent on showing their Might. Religion discrimination especially between Muslim and
Christian communities has been a reason behind many conflicts and could disturb world peace
Jok (2015. Different religions have different gods and the numbers of believers are huge. Once
the conflict between different religions breaks out, which can easily cause a world war.
This study aims to determine the effects of crime and perceived discrimination on human
values.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
This study will have two hypotheses.
 H01: Crime is positively/negatively related to human values.
 H02: Crime is positively/negatively related to human values.
It is difficult to establish the exact effect of crime on a victim. People react very
differently to similar situations; it ranges from short-term effects to one being seriously (Clarke
& Eck (2016). Weak people of people who live in poor backgrounds or those who have been
victims before are more likely to find a greater impact on them.
These effects of crime can only be felt by the immediate victim who is treated by a
system as the victim but also those close to him/her. The secondary victim these includes the
family and friends Sutherland (2017). Crime against businesses is also not an effect-free area as
both managers and staffs are likely to be an effect

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Discrimination does not appear to have an acceptance theory of but it causes channel of
drawback. It is noticeable that there is a relationship between social separation and
discrimination, it is so simple to disfavor against familiar people. People like things that can
classify and put in a category anything new is discriminated upon.
Discrimination has effects on several domains namely; social, political, psychological
and economic. Intentionally or it is not intentional, the outcome of discrimination lead to sense
of alienation from the wider society, loss of self-worth, economic and political disempowerment
Coote (2015).
Discrimination in the society mainly focuses on religion, race and disable discrimination.
Race discrimination causes violence and this is shown in Hollywood movies. People of different
colors (white and black) fight each other because one group feel discriminated while the other is
bent on showing their might. religion discrimination especially between Muslim and Christian
communities has been a reason behind many conflicts and could disturb world peace Jok (2015).
Every religion has different believers since they worship different gods. Conflict between
different religion can easily cause world war.
Research that was carried out trying to obtain insights on racial discrimination provided
proof that there is humiliation and discrimination because of race. People being discriminated
have shown effects such as depression and anxiety Richardson (2016). This applies in almost
everywhere and we have no reason not to believe that.
Discrimination caused split between communities which leads to the decline of society
through fights war and distrust. As discrimination continues to bedevil the collective life of
humanity, world peace becomes jeopardized.
METHODOLOGY.
Descriptive research design will be used to guide this study. It involves observing and
describing a subject's behavior without influencing it.
Descriptive research design will be used in this which will help to generate data on the
subject matter and provide for accurate descriptive analysis of the characteristics of a sample
which can then be used to make inferences about populations Kothari (2004).

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Sampling is the selection of a number of individuals or objects from a population such
that the selected group contains elements representative of the characteristics found in the entire
group
Systematic random sampling will be used to select respondents per region, to respond to
the questionnaires. It to ensure each individual has an equal probability of being selected in the
study and is quite a representativeness Denscombe (2014) for this study the tenth respondent
from the point of origin will be randomly selected,
For the focused group discussion will be divided into 5 groups of 8 members each, with
an equal ration of gender will be sampled for the study. To discuss the impacts of crime on
human values
Purposive sampling will be used to identify victims of crime and discrimination to whom
in-depth interviews will be conducted. Purposive sampling method ensures that only individuals
with relevant information are sampled.
Three methods of data collection will be used namely: Oral interviews, questionnaires
and focus group discussion
Oral Interviews.
Oral interviews will be conducted by the researcher to collect in-depth information on
victims. interviews will be done in a maximum of 20 minutes to ensure the respondent do not get
bored or impatient and give inaccurate responses Wildavsky & Hammer (2018), Data will be
gathered through an in-person structured interview with respondent in order to verify and add
information to data gathered from the survey.
Focused Group Discussion
This method is useful since the researcher is able to acquire more information in the heat
of arguments, controversies and divergent schools of thought McDougall (2015).
This tool will be used to gather information by posing questions to a group of individuals
(8 in this case) and letting them discuss while the researcher listens to the arguments and taking
notes.

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Questionnaires.
This method is useful since the researcher is able to gather sincerer information
interpersonal interaction and non-official discussion with the respondents.
A self-administered, oral, structured and close-ended questionnaire (in English) will be
used to gather data respondents living around the area of study.

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REFERENCES
Andrews, D.A. and Bonta, J., 2014. The psychology of criminal conduct. Routledge.
Asch, A., 2017. Critical race theory, feminism, and disability: Reflections on social justice and
personal identity. In Disability and Equality Law (pp. 143-176). Routledge.
Clarke, R. and Eck, J., 2016. Crime analysis for problem solvers in 60 small steps.
Coote, A., 2015. People, planet, power: toward a new social settlement. The International
Journal of Social Quality, 5(1), pp.8-34.
Denscombe, M., 2014. The good research guide: for small-scale social research projects.
McGraw-Hill Education (UK).
Forst, B., 2016. The socio-economics of crime and justice. Routledge.
Jok, J.M., 2015. Sudan: Race, religion, and violence. Oneworld Publications.
McDougall, W., 2015. An introduction to social psychology. Psychology Press.
Olsen, B., 2015. Teaching what they learn, learning what they live: How teachers' personal
histories shape their professional development. Routledge.
Richardson, B., 2016. Sugar Shift: Six Ideas for a Healthier and Fairer Food System i. Food
Research Collaboration, London.
Sutherland, E.H., 2017. White-collar criminality. In White-collar Criminal (pp. 3-19). Routledge.
Wellman, B., 2018. The network community: An introduction. In Networks in the global village
(pp. 1-47). Routledge.
Wildavsky, A. and Hammer, D., 2018. The open-ended, semistructured interview: An (almost)
operational guide. In Craftways (pp. 57-101). Routledge.

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