Human Trafficking: Crime, Control Model, and Punishments

This document discusses the crime of human trafficking, focusing on its prevalence, impact, and the need for effective control measures. It explores the crime control model and suggests severe punishments for offenders. The document also delves into the civil, moral, and criminal wrongs associated with human trafficking. Additionally, it highlights the role of media coverage and the importance of decriminalizing certain laws. Course: Criminology

CRIMINOLOGY

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
1....................................................................................................................................................1
2....................................................................................................................................................1
3....................................................................................................................................................2
4....................................................................................................................................................3
5....................................................................................................................................................3
6....................................................................................................................................................4
7....................................................................................................................................................4
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................5
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................6

INTRODUCTION
The project shall be depicting the human trafficking crime in the society. This is the most
prominent crime nowadays wherein the humans are traded to serve the purpose of sexual
exploitation, sexual slavery and forced labour. It shall be highlighting the crime and it being the
priority concern for the society. A detailed analysis of the crime control model and the
punishment that needs to be employed. It also reflects that how is human trafficking the moral,
civil and the criminal wrong and its effect in the society. Apart from that it shall show the media
coverage regarding such mishappenings. Lastly it shall cover an act that needs to be
decriminalized by the law.
MAIN BODY
1.
Human Trafficking
Human trafficking is a crime which leads to violation of the human rights through fraud,
coercion, and forceful acts for the purpose of commercial sexual exploitation and forced labour.
The victims of such crimes can belong to any caste, race, age, gender and nationality who are
traded by the traffickers by using violence, manipulation and false statements. This crime mainly
takes place with the people who are highly vulnerable economically, physically, political
instability and the natural disasters (Stoklosa & et.al., (2017).
Human trafficking is very prominent but most of the times it stays unaddressed because of
language barriers, lack of awareness, fear of the traffickers and the fear of enforcement of the
law. The crime can take in the own country as well as abroad.
Human trafficking is affecting the lives of millions of people around the world who are subjected
to such physical and mental abuse. The men, women and children in the society are deceived
everyday making it a major concern for the society. It is a priority concern for the society to
which the victim belongs and the society in which such victim is exploited. It proves to be a loss
for the overall economy as people migrate in search of jobs and end up being trafficked which
leads to loss of remittances for the country and its economy (Gibbs, Aboul-Hosn and Kluckman,
(2020).
2.
Crime control model and punishments for human trafficking
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The crime control model as suggested by Packer specifies that the criminal conduct must be
suppressed and the social freedom must be prevented. It focusses on building the efficiency of
the criminal processes so that suspects could be governed, determination of guilty and
safeguarding the society. In this type of model the police and the prosecutors are the supreme
power who shall carry the investigation and suspect one who is guilty, on the basis of such
findings the guilty should be convicted without giving many opportunities. The model is based
on the assumption that punishments are necessary to prevent the crime and its after effects and
also believes the fact that one who is accused shall be guilty of some or the other mishaps.
Under the criminal justice system the target is to suppress the level of crimes and the police shall
be given the authority to arrest for the questioning the suspects so that the process of justice can
be quick and efficient (Sweileh, 2018).
The punishment for such a shameful act should be severe such that it threatens the people in the
society and decreases the level of such crimes. Depending on the accusation guilty should be
sentenced to prison for a long period. For labour trafficking the time of prison can be 20 years
whereas for sexual abuse it can be more and in case of minor it should be for lifetime. Apart
from this compensation should also be charged and should be provided to the victim to overcome
the trauma.
3.
Civil, moral and criminal wrong
Civil wrong- A civil wrong refers to the one which is private to an individual and shall cause
damages and injuries to private self. The individual can sue the other party for remedies of such
injuries. The violation of the various rights of an individual in the human trafficking qualifies as
the civil wrong like right to life, freedom, security and liberty.
Moral wrong- The acts that are morally not permissible and are restricted as per the norms of the
society. In the criminal acts of the human trafficking the sexual exploitation, violence and fraud
are the activities which are morally incorrect (Hannan & et.al., (2017).
Criminal wrong- Under the criminal wrong the activities undertaken harms the whole society
not an individual. It refers to the violations of the laws and rules that are implemented ultimately
leading to imposition of charges and fines. In human trafficking the act of child labour, sexual
exploitation etc. shall be the acts that are covered under the purview of crime.
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4.
Explaining crime and punishment through positivist or classical school.
Positivist school focuses over offender rather than offense and also uses the science
instead of philosophy for explaining crime. Classical school uses philosophy for understanding
the reason behind people breaking laws. Human trafficking is common from ancient times where
people were kidnapped for auctions and sale to other people as servants or workers. The
psychology has deep roots behind human trafficking considering it as practice for making
money.
Human trafficking can be explained through classical school of criminology as it is done
out of free will and individual choice. There are situations where people face financial pressures
that lead them to cause the crime. However financial pressures could not lead to make such
major crimes that involves considerable planning and big networking (Cruyff, van Dijk & van
der Heijden (2017)). The punishment imposed for human trafficking is also based on classical
school that will create fear among the people to avoid indulging in such types of crime. It is not
psychological constraint as this crime is not very open and not induced by psychological patterns
like theft and murders. People involve in human trafficking by their choice with motive of
earning good money.
5.
Human trafficking is crime which impacts virtually all the communities. It does not
represent the actual stories of people. They just beat around bush when writing or speaking about
the human trafficking, media reduces suffering which survivors and victims experience and also
minimise harmful action that are taken by perpetrators. Responsible media avoid unnecessary
shock factors and use terminologies that portrays actions of traffickers and also experience of the
survivors.
There is always specific group that could be blamed for such type of crime. Human
traffickers are also smugglers that have deep roots in crime. They are people who kidnap people
for selling them to other countries to prostitution houses carrying sex rackets. Currently human
trafficking is mainly done by people carrying prostitute houses.
It is part of moral panic as people will feel insecure to move freely. It affects moral and
people will avoid moving at late nights as anyone could become victim of this trafficking. The
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new of human trafficking is seen in every two to three days in newspaper in which majority
cases are for prostitution and other are for human organ trade.
This type of crime could happen anywhere as human traffickers are rising due to the
increasing demands and incapability of the officials to take strict action against such crimes.
6.
Social disorganisation
The social disorganisations is described as inability of the community members for
achieving shared values or solving jointly experienced issues. The theory could help in resolving
the criminal issues faced by the state.
Strain theories provide that the certain stressors or strains increases likelihood of the
crime. The strains lead to the negative emotions like anger and frustration (Greenbaum, 2017).
Classic strain theory focus over strain of monetary success that drives people to conduct such
crimes.
Learning theory aims at explaining the socialisation and the effect on development of
self. It provides that people learn about crimes using same process used by others. People
indulge in human trafficking generally when they have people already involved in such crime.
Control theory focus over inhibiting effects of the conventional social institutions on the
criminal behaviour. The strain theory explains this crime as it occurs mainly due to strain of
becoming rich through unethical means by human trafficking for sale of their organs or to
prostitution houses.
7.
Criminal laws are imposed on activities to avoid their increase and to put control on them. They
are also framed for safeguarding people from sufferings. Among the different activities laws
regarding use of helmet while riding should be de criminalised as it will not lead to any further
rise in crime or insecurity for the people (Austin and Farrell, 2017). Instead people should be
educated about the importance of wearing helmet and how it could save their lives.
Regulations regarding the speed limit could be made for avoiding the accidents and so
that people can have control over their vehicles. Also regulations regarding compulsory road
safety measures could be made for schools and colleges. Strict rules regarding cancellation of
licence or ceasing of vehicles above the specified speed limit could be made.
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Minors should not be allowed with vehicles having engines having power above specified
cc limits. If one law has to be removed than others are to be made strict for protecting people.
Laws regarding helmet are made considering the safety of all the people riding on road as others
may also hit even when one is following all the rules and is within speed limit.
CONCLUSION
It can be concluded from the above file that human trafficking is the crime undertaken all over
the world causing severe impacts on the society. In order to effectively control such crimes
severe punishments must be decided and an efficient crime control model should be used to
reduce the delays within the criminal justice system.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Austin, R. and Farrell, A., 2017. Human trafficking and the media in the United States. In Oxford
Research Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice.
Cruyff, M., van Dijk, J., & van der Heijden, P. G. (2017). The Challenge of Counting Victims of
Human Trafficking: Not on the record: A multiple systems estimation of the numbers of
human trafficking victims in the Netherlands in 2010–2015 by year, age, gender, and type
of exploitation. Chance. 30(3). 41-49.
Gibbs, D.A., Aboul-Hosn, S. and Kluckman, M.N., (2020). Child labor trafficking within the
US: A first look at allegations investigated by Florida’s child welfare agency. Journal of
human trafficking. 6(4). pp.435-449.
Greenbaum, J., 2017. Introduction to human trafficking: who is affected?. In Human Trafficking
Is a Public Health Issue (pp. 1-14). Springer, Cham.
Hannan, M., & et.al., (2017). Children at risk: foster care and human trafficking. In Human
trafficking is a public health issue (pp. 105-121). Springer, Cham.
Stoklosa, H., & et.al., (2017). Medical education and human trafficking: using
simulation. Medical education online. 22(1). 1412746.
Sweileh, W.M., 2018. Research trends on human trafficking: a bibliometric analysis using
Scopus database. Globalization and health. 14(1). p.106.
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