THE CRITICAL THINKING ESSAY

Running head: CRITICAL THINKING ESSAY
CRITICAL THINKING ESSAY
Name of the student:
Name of the university:
Author note

CRITICAL THINKING ESSAY
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Introduction:
With the global burden of disease, chronic kidney disease (CKD) poses a significant
public health burden around the globe. In the United States, the occurrence of CKD, as well as
end-stage renal disease (ESRD), continues to increase annually. Combs and Davison (2015),
suggested that Obesity is has emerged as a potent risk factor for the end of life kidney disease by
increasing the risk of developing diabetes and hypertension. The case study involves an obese
patient of 32 years male who seeks information regarding bariatric surgery for his obesity. This
paper will provide clinical manifestations, functional pattern and education in the following
paragraphs.
Discussion:
Clinical manifestations of the patient:
The patient stated that he experienced various clinical manifestations such as high blood
pressure, dysphonia, swollen ankles, sleep apnea and pruritus over the last 6 months. These
clinical manifestations are usually observed for patients with end of life kidney disease due to
certain risk factors such as high blood pressure and male as observed in this case study.
Considering the objective data, Fasting blood glucose: 146 mg/dL he can be diabetic since the
normal range of the fasting blood glucose is 100 to 125 mg/dl. He has high blood pressure (BP:
172/98 where the normal range is 120/80) and a high respiratory rate (RR: 26, the normal range
is 12 to 24 bpm) (Cardona-Morrell et al., 2016). Moreover, he has a dysfunctional kidney which
is represented through high serum creatinine level (serum creatinine: 1.8 mg/dl whereas normal
range is 0.9 to 1.3 mg/dL). The patient is also obese.

CRITICAL THINKING ESSAY
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Health risk of obesity:
Since the patient is obese, the potential health risks he will exhibit for obesity include
heart disease, stroke, kidney dysfunction, high cholesterol, and high blood glucose and type two
diabetes which are observed in the patient. Bariatric surgery is usually performed for significant
weight loss in patients to reduce the size and capacity of the stomach or resecting the small
intestine to a small gastric pouch (Trivedi et al., 2017). In this case, the bariatric surgery will be
beneficial for the patient for reducing potential weight loss and preventing the health risk.
However, it is beneficial for the patient with renal malfunction as it diminishes the long term risk
of kidney function decline (Inge et al., 2017). A major long-term risk is also urinary oxalate
excretion.
Functional health pattern:
Considering the health pattern, the patient exhibited five potential health issues that
impacted his quality of life. Considering the health management, poor health management or
unhealthy lifestyle is common for the patients with obesity such as lack of physical activity and
unhealthy diet as observed in case of this patient which also resulted in high blood pressure and
diabetes. Considering the nutritional health pattern, the patients with poor dietary habits usually
are obese as observed in this case study (Inge et al., 2017). Due to unhealthy dietary habits, the
patient experienced high cholesterol and high triglyceride level which impacted his quality of life
and increase the risk of developing heart diseases (Kang et al., 2015). Considering the metabolic
health pattern, Rhee, Ahmadi and Kalantar-Zade (2016), suggested high serum creatinine level is
associated with a dysfunctional kidney which also impacts the metabolic function of the patients
such as accumulation of uremia, metabolic acidosis, and abnormalities in lipid level. In this
context, since patients exhibit all symptoms of the end of life kidney disease he may exhibit all