Critical Thinking Skills: Analyzing Case Studies on Universal Basic Income and Tobacco Use

This report discusses the application of critical thinking skills in analyzing case studies on Universal Basic Income and Tobacco Use. It examines claims, assertions, and statements made in the case studies and evaluates the ideas expressed. The report also applies logical reasoning to analyze the arguments presented and develops valid arguments based on the understanding of the topics. The conclusion provides insights into the systematic and rigorous process carried out in producing the case studies.

Critical Thinking
Skills

CASE STUDY 1...................................................................................................................................2
Introduction.......................................................................................................................................2
1. In a short introductory statement, describe the purpose of applying critical thinking to the above
case study..........................................................................................................................................2
2. Demonstrate an understanding of critical thinking skills by examining claims, assertions and
statements made in the given case study............................................................................................2
3. Using your developing critical thinking skills, evaluate the ideas expressed in the case study and
develop valid arguments based on your understanding of the topic...................................................2
Conclusion.........................................................................................................................................2
CASE STUDY 2...................................................................................................................................2
Introduction.......................................................................................................................................2
1. Apply an understanding of logical reasoning to analyse the arguments presented in the given case
study..................................................................................................................................................3
2. Apply your developing critical evaluation skills to the sources of information and data to validate
the positions taken in this case study.................................................................................................4
3. In your conclusion, comment on a systematic and rigorous process carried out in producing the
above case study. How far do you think the author has remained objective in his views?.................5
Conclusion.........................................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES....................................................................................................................................8

CASE STUDY 1
Introduction
This report is based on Universal basic income which is one of the important topics as
well as have to be consider in public eye. In addition to this, in today’s pandemic situation of
COVID-19 company is economy is facing issue in Universal Basic income.
1. In a short introductory statement, describe the purpose of applying critical thinking to the
above case study.
A few specialists and legislators figure Universal Basic Income could be the answer
for a great deal of our issues in the public eye. As a nation, we are in a difficult situation. The
Covid has kept millions separate from work or on the vacation conspire. What's more,
industry after industry is battling. Just yesterday it was uncovered that the avionic business in
Wales was looking up to 8,000 employment misfortunes from which it would never
completely recuperate. Be that as it may, there were difficulties confronting our general
public some time before Coronavirus sent us all inside which have not disappeared.
Psychological well-being issues, environmental change, expanded working hours, a maturing
populace and mechanization making occupations repetitive are only a portion of these. These
issues have not disappeared - and many have been exasperated by the current emergency
(Ahrari and et. al., 2016). Yet, there are numerous who think there is a thought that could be
the way to handling these issues - general essential pay (UBI). We have investigated UBI to
see what it is about. The thought behind UBI is that the Government furnishes everybody
with a base living compensation. This would be sufficient with the goal that each individual
would have the option to pay for every single fundamental thing, paying little mind to
regardless of whether they had another salary.
Individuals for this imagine on the grounds that everybody would have enough to
have the option to endure, it would give individuals more decision in how to carry on with
their lives. For example, we have a maturing populace, and it would permit individuals to not
work (or work less) to permit them to think about older family members. They guarantee it
would likewise empower individuals to face more challenges. Many individuals have
thoughts for a business yet can't give up their normal everyday employment since they are
stressed over covering their tabs. UBI could permit individuals to face challenges
furthermore, make effective duty paying organizations later on. A gigantic issue confronting
us is moreover robotization. Before long numerous positions done by individuals will be

supplanted by machines. A recent report found that around 400 to 800 million individuals
around the globe who could be uprooted via computerization by 2030.
2. Demonstrate an understanding of critical thinking skills by examining claims, assertions
and statements made in the given case study.
There are considers that help the thought. Finland has recently declared the
aftereffects of its two-year Universal Basic Income study, where 2,000 jobless individuals
matured 25 to 57 were given a genuine, non-implies tried 560 Euros for each month. The
investigation discovered individuals were more joyful, had more noteworthy trust in others
and more significant levels of trust later on (Saputra and et. al., 2019). They likewise worked
somewhat more than those on joblessness benefits and detailed better psychological working.
It additionally didn't locate a critical decrease in work - individuals still needed to work.
Market analyst and venture chief Milton Ezrati raised worries that it would take assets from
the individuals who required it. Some have highlighted the strategic challenges. For example,
it costs more to live in London than in Powys, so where should the salary level be pitched?
Different pundits have highlighted the optics of the state giving the extremely rich cash each
month, this is after, "general" salary. They consider this to be a heavy-handed contrivance.
This report really proposed that the expense of UBI would mean less spending on other
indispensable public administrations just as permitting bosses to pay lower wages to workers
as they are getting and pay somewhere else. There are contentions on the two sides. A few
specialists and legislators figure Universal Basic Income could be the answer for a great deal
of our issues in the public eye. As a nation, we are in a difficult situation. The Covid has kept
millions separate from work or on the vacation conspire. What's more, industry after industry
is battling. Just yesterday it was uncovered that the avionic business in Wales was looking up
to 8,000 employment misfortunes from which it would never completely recuperate. Be that
as it may, there were difficulties confronting our general public some time before
Coronavirus sent us all inside which have not disappeared (Mabruroh and Suhandi, 2017).
Psychological well-being issues, environmental change, expanded working hours, a maturing
populace and mechanization making occupations repetitive are only a portion of these. These
issues have not disappeared - and many have been exasperated by the current emergency.
Yet, there are numerous who think there is a thought that could be the way to handling these
issues - general essential pay (UBI). We have investigated UBI to see what it is about. The
thought behind UBI is that the Government furnishes everybody with a base living
compensation. This would be sufficient with the goal that each individual would have the

option to pay for every single fundamental thing, paying little mind to regardless of whether
they had another salary.
Individuals for this imagine on the grounds that everybody would have enough to
have the option to endure, it would give individuals more decision in how to carry on with
their lives. For example, we have a maturing populace, and it would permit individuals to not
work (or work less) to permit them to think about older family members. They guarantee it
would likewise empower individuals to face more challenges. Many individuals have
thoughts for a business yet can't give up their normal everyday employment since they are
stressed over covering their tabs. UBI could permit individuals to face challenges
furthermore, make effective duty paying organizations later on. A gigantic issue confronting
us is moreover robotization. Before long numerous positions done by individuals will be
supplanted by machines. A recent report found that around 400 to 800 million individuals
around the globe who could be uprooted via computerization by 2030. Allies of UBI state it
would empower those individuals uprooted by robots to retrain and follow new interests. It
additionally can possibly nearly kill neediness in Wales as everybody would have enough to
live on. Eventually, it is trusted it would pull together our general public away from the
interminable pattern of long furthermore, longer working hours.
3. Using your developing critical thinking skills, evaluate the ideas expressed in the case
study and develop valid arguments based on your understanding of the topic.
There are considers that help the thought. Finland has recently declared the aftereffects of its
two-year Universal Basic Income study, where 2,000 jobless individuals matured 25 to 57
were given a genuine, non-implies tried 560 Euros for each month. The investigation
discovered individuals were more joyful, had more noteworthy trust in others and more
significant levels of trust later on. They likewise worked somewhat more than those on
joblessness benefits and detailed better psychological working. It additionally didn't locate a
critical decrease in work - individuals still needed to work. Market analyst and venture chief
Milton Ezrati raised worries that it would take assets from the individuals who required it.
Some have highlighted the strategic challenges. For example, it costs more to live in London
than in Powys, so where should the salary level be pitched? Different pundits have
highlighted the optics of the state giving the extremely rich cash each month, this is after,
"general" salary. They consider this to be a heavy-handed contrivance. This report really
proposed that the expense of UBI would mean less spending on other indispensable public
administrations just as permitting bosses to pay lower wages to workers as they are getting

and pay somewhere else. There are contentions on the two sides. A few specialists and
legislators figure Universal Basic Income could be the answer for a great deal of our issues in
the public eye. As a nation, we are in a difficult situation. The Covid has kept millions
separate from work or on the vacation conspire. What's more, industry after industry is
battling. Just yesterday it was uncovered that the avionic business in Wales was looking up to
8,000 employment misfortunes from which it would never completely recuperate. Be that as
it may, there were difficulties confronting our general public some time before Coronavirus
sent us all inside which have not disappeared. Psychological well-being issues, environmental
change, expanded working hours, a maturing populace and mechanization making
occupations repetitive are only a portion of these. These issues have not disappeared - and
many have been exasperated by the current emergency. Yet, there are numerous who think
there is a thought that could be the way to handling these issues - general essential pay (UBI).
We have investigated UBI to see what it is about. The thought behind UBI is that the
Government furnishes everybody with a base living compensation. This would be sufficient
with the goal that each individual would have the option to pay for every single fundamental
thing, paying little mind to regardless of whether they had another salary.
Individuals for this imagine on the grounds that everybody would have enough to
have the option to endure, it would give individuals more decision in how to carry on with
their lives. For example, we have a maturing populace, and it would permit individuals to not
work (or work less) to permit them to think about older family members. They guarantee it
would likewise empower individuals to face more challenges. Many individuals have
thoughts for a business yet can't give up their normal everyday employment since they are
stressed over covering their tabs. UBI could permit individuals to face challenges
furthermore, make effective duty paying organizations later on. A gigantic issue confronting
us is moreover robotization. Before long numerous positions done by individuals will be
supplanted by machines. A recent report found that around 400 to 800 million individuals
around the globe who could be uprooted via computerization by 2030. Allies of UBI state it
would empower those individuals uprooted by robots to retrain and follow new interests. It
additionally can possibly nearly kill neediness in Wales as everybody would have enough to
live on. Eventually, it is trusted it would pull together our general public away from the
interminable pattern of long furthermore, longer working hours.

Conclusion
After going through overall discussion it has been summarised that Universal income
is getting affected through pandemic situation as well as it is important to take major step in
relation of same. Because this entire situation is results in giving negative impact on overall
economy and major steps has to be taken in relation of same.
CASE STUDY 2
Introduction
Critical thinking is the analysis of facts for forming a judgment as well as critical
thinking is self-disciplined, self-directed, self-monitoring ad self-corrective thinking. This
report is based on case study of good for health, Good for business: The Business Case for
Reducing Tobacco use. In addition to this, it will be going to discuss that Tobacco use is
harmful and result in wide impact on economy (Widana and et. al., 2018). Along with this,
business firms also facing several issues when their workforce consume tobacco substances
which has been also elaborated within case study. On the basis of case study several question
will be going to answer which are logical reasoning for analysing the argument presented in
case study. Along with this, on the basis of topic critical evaluation skills will be
implemented for determining both positive and negative aspects. In the end section of report
conclusion will be given on the basis of case study.
1. Apply an understanding of logical reasoning to analyse the arguments presented in the
given case study.
Consumption of tobacco is bad of health of individual and mostly people are
consuming tobacco through smoking. According to the view point of Adams, J.M., (2020) it
has been determined that, there are several people who are dying because smoking as well as
it results in several other negative impact also (Fuad and et. al., 2017). Furthermore, its
terrible impact on wellbeing, smoking influences the economy: it costs the United States
more than $300 billion every year, incorporating almost $170 billion in clinical consideration
and more than $150 billion in lost productivity.4 As Surgeon General, I accept no other
wellbeing objective that organizations can seek after with their representatives and networks
would yield financial and medical advantages as incredible as those delivered by decreasing
tobacco use and presentation to recycled smoke.
Along with this, in United State smoking is common in Workforce as in 2014, approx.
21.7% of adult workers are representing more than 32 million persons are reported that they

are using tobacco products as well as more than 22 million workforces are presently using
cigarettes (Bustami, Syafruddin and Afriani, 2018). Although rates of smoking vary by
occupation of individual. For instance, in blue-collar occupation person such as construction,
transportation and so on have higher than in comparison of white-collar occupation. Smoking
of workforce cost more to business because using tobacco substantially result in reducing
productivity of staff members within several manner by increasing absenteeism. This has
been identified by meta-analysis of 17 studies that people who use tobacco substances get
absent in several manner within organisational activities. Although, smoking outcomes in
prompt inconvenient consequences for wellbeing and working, including diminished
productivity, blunders at work, eye bothering, and decreased mindfulness, all of which can
influence efficiency.
To overcome with such business firm has decided to provide benefits for smoking
cessation. Takes care of Businesses that give a smoking suspension advantage to their
workers receive generous benefits; their representatives are bound to stop smoking, bringing
about improved worker wellbeing, expanded efficiency, and diminished expenses (Siburian,
Corebima and SAPTASARI, 2019). The advantages gave to representatives may incorporate
health care coverage inclusion for discontinuance medicines, monetary or different
motivators for stopping, and additionally suspension treatment gave at the worksite. For
instance, giving a working environment smoking end advantage is assessed to bring about
significant wellbeing and financial advantages, with monetary investment funds surpassing
the expense of the advantage inside four years. Monetary motivating forces additionally
advance end. In an investigation of CVS Caremark workers and their family members and
companions, unobtrusive instalments given to people who quit smoking supported both
interest in suspension treatment and paces of discontinuance.
By following respective strategy business firm will able to encourage employees to
quit smoking as well as creating smoke-free worksites: by reviewing staff members health
insurance coverage provisions to make sure that evidence-based smoking cessation
counselling as well as medications will cover benefits fully without any access, predictable
with government rules for such inclusion as laid out in the US Department of Health and
Human Services, US Department of Labor, and US Department of Treasury regularly
inquired questions. Thus, in simple term it can be said that for each and every business firm it
is important to take major steps in relation of same (Hudha and Batlolona, 2017). So, that
death rate of people due to smoking will get reduce as well as they will be able to get health

and better living style. Because smoking will result in several health issues such as heart
disease, stroke, lung disease, diabetes, Chronic obstructive pulmonary as well as many more.
Moreover, smoking also results in increasing several risks for tuberculosis, certain eye
diseases as well as many other issues related to immunity system.
2. Apply your developing critical evaluation skills to the sources of information and data to
validate the positions taken in this case study.
Critical thinking is the analysis of facts for forming a judgment as well as critical
thinking is self-disciplined, self-directed, self-monitoring ad self-corrective thinking. In
addition to this, it is important for an individual to have critical thinking skills because it will
provide assistance in determining each and every aspect of specific topic which can be
positive or negative both. In relation of this case study i.e., Good for Health, Good for
Business: The Business Case for Reducing Tobacco Use. Furthermore, consumption of
tobacco substances is negative aspect of this case study because it results in negative impact
on particular person who is consuming as well as on business firm also. Because in United
State most of the workforce smoke which result in negative impact on productivity of
business firm. Workforce which smoke result in reducing their productivity as well as they
seem absent in business firm as well as their operations. Apart from this, most of the people
are dying due to health issues which take place through consumption of tobacco substances.
Due to which business firm are facing major issues as they will not able to deliver products
and services to customers on time.
Apart from this, negative impact respective case study has some positive aspects also
i.e., strategy of business firms which they designed to overcome the issue of substances
consumption related to tobacco. Because it has negative impact on their working and
employees also physically present in organisation but mentally absent. Although, to
overcome with such issues such practices several business firms introduce and strategy which
is named as benefit for smoking cessation. In this several benefits will be provided to
particular employee from business firm when he/she stop smoking (Saputri, 2019). Benefits
can be both financial as well as non-financial but these will encourage workforce to stop
smoking. By following respective strategy business firm will able to encourage employees to
quit smoking as well as creating smoke-free worksites: by reviewing staff members health
insurance coverage provisions to make sure that evidence-based smoking cessation
counselling as well as medications will cover benefits fully without any access, predictable
with government rules for such inclusion as laid out in the US Department of Health and

Human Services, US Department of Labor, and US Department of Treasury regularly
inquired questions.
3. In your conclusion, comment on a systematic and rigorous process carried out in producing
the above case study. How far do you think the author has remained objective in his views?
From entire discussion of case study, it has been determined by me that consumption
of tobacco substances will result in negative impact on health of individual person as well as
their family members also suffer. Although, people who smoke will never able to perform
their activities in proper manner as they shown like absent while working. In addition to this,
there are several people who are dying because smoking as well as it results in several other
negative impact also. Because smoking will result in several health issues such as heart
disease, stroke, lung disease, diabetes, Chronic obstructive pulmonary as well as many more
(Setiawan and et. al., 2018). Moreover, smoking also results in increasing several risks for
tuberculosis, certain eye diseases as well as many other issues related to immunity system.
Although, mostly blue-collar employees smoke such as construction, transportation and so on
have higher than in comparison of white-collar occupation. Smoking of workforce cost more
to business because using tobacco substantially result in reducing productivity of staff
members within several manner by increasing absenteeism. Thus, consumption of tobacco
substances will not only have negative impact on health of individual who is consuming but
also their family members as well as organisation also in which they are working.
Furthermore, it is important to stop the consumption of tobacco substances among employees
(Styers, Van Zandt and Hayden, 2018). It has been already discussed that in United State
approximately 90% of workforce consume tobacco substances which result in several
negative impact as they are not able to perform their job role in effective manner and result in
reducing their own as well as organisation productivity.
Author was on objective of case study in entire discussion as this discussion was
related to reducing tobacco substances consumption among workforce. For reducing such
practices several business firms introduce and strategy which is named as benefit for smoking
cessation. In this several benefits will be provided to particular employee from business firm
when he/she stop smoking (Saputri, 2019). Benefits can be both financial as well as non-
financial but these will encourage workforce to stop smoking. By following respective
strategy business firm will able to encourage employees to quit smoking as well as creating
smoke-free worksites: by reviewing staff members health insurance coverage provisions to
make sure that evidence-based smoking cessation counselling as well as medications will

cover benefits fully without any access, predictable with government rules for such inclusion
as laid out in the US Department of Health and Human Services, US Department of Labor,
and US Department of Treasury regularly inquired questions. Although, it can be said that for
individual it is important to take participation in all these activities within effective manner
and always try to come out of things which result in negative impact on their health (Doleck
and et. al., 2017). Smoking have several loose which is important to smokers to understand as
it results in monetary loss, health, disturbing mental condition, disputes among family
members and many more.
Conclusion
After going through overall discuss, it has been concluded that consumption of
tobacco result is several negative impacts on individual as well as overall economy. In
addition to this, within United State smoking is common among employees which create
problem fir business firm. Because productivity of employees gets reduce in several manner.
So, to overcome with this method business firm bring one strategy i.e., providing benefits for
smoking cessation. This strategy is effective because it will encourage staff to quit smoke
because according to the strategy several monetary benefits will be provided to particular
person after quitting smoking. This overall case study says that tabaco substance
consumption result in several health issues as well as employees will also not able to conduct
activities in effective manner. Although, there are several losses such as monetary loss,
health, disturbing mental condition, disputes among family members and many more.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Widana, I. W. and et. al., 2018. Higher order thinking skills assessment towards critical
thinking on mathematics lesson. International journal of social sciences and
humanities, 2(1), pp.24-32.
Fuad, N. M. and et. al., 2017. Improving Junior High Schools' Critical Thinking Skills Based
on Test Three Different Models of Learning. International Journal of Instruction, 10(1),
pp.101-116.
Bustami, Y., Syafruddin, D. and Afriani, R., 2018. The implementation of contextual learning
to enhance biology students’ critical thinking skills. Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia, 7(4),
pp.451-457.
Siburian, J., Corebima, A. D. and SAPTASARI, M., 2019. The correlation between critical
and creative thinking skills on cognitive learning results. Eurasian Journal of Educational
Research, 19(81), pp.99-114.
Hudha, M. N. and Batlolona, J. R., 2017. How are the physics critical thinking skills of the
students taught by using inquiry-discovery through empirical and theorethical
overview?. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 14(2),
pp.691-697.
Setiawan, A. and et. al., 2018, February. Effect of higher order thinking laboratory on the
improvement of critical and creative thinking skills. In IOP Conference Series: Materials
Science and Engineering (Vol. 306, No. 1, pp. 1-7).
Saputri, A. C., 2019. Improving Students' Critical Thinking Skills in Cell-Metabolism
Learning Using Stimulating Higher Order Thinking Skills Model. International Journal of
Instruction, 12(1), pp.327-342.
Doleck, T. and et. al., 2017. Algorithmic thinking, cooperativity, creativity, critical thinking,
and problem solving: exploring the relationship between computational thinking skills and
academic performance. Journal of Computers in Education, 4(4), pp.355-369.

Styers, M. L., Van Zandt, P. A. and Hayden, K. L., 2018. Active learning in flipped life
science courses promotes development of critical thinking skills. CBE—Life Sciences
Education, 17(3), p.ar39.
Kopzhassarova, U. and et. al., 2016. Enhancement of Students' Independent Learning through
Their Critical Thinking Skills Development. International Journal of Environmental and
Science Education, 11(18), pp.11585-11592.
El Soufi, N. and See, B. H., 2019. Does explicit teaching of critical thinking improve critical
thinking skills of english language learners in higher education? a critical review of causal
evidence. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 60, pp.140-162.
Zubaidah, S., Corebima, A. D. and Mahanal, S., 2018. Revealing the Relationship between
Reading Interest and Critical Thinking Skills through Remap GI and Remap
Jigsaw. International Journal of Instruction, 11(2), pp.41-56.
Ahrari, S. and et. al., 2016. Deepening critical thinking skills through civic engagement in
Malaysian higher education. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 22, pp.121-128.
Saputra, M. D. and et. al., 2019. Developing Critical-Thinking Skills through the
Collaboration of Jigsaw Model with Problem-Based Learning Model. International Journal
of Instruction, 12(1), pp.1077-1094.
Mabruroh, F. and Suhandi, A., 2017, February. Construction of critical thinking skills test
instrument related the concept on sound wave. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol.
812, No. 1, pp. 012-056).
Online
Good for Health, Good for Business: The Business Case for Reducing Tobacco Use, 2020.
[Online].Available through<
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0033354919889631>