Cultural Influence on Obesity BAME Group Adults

This study focuses on the cultural influence on obesity among BAME group adults between 25-55 years living in England. It aims to analyze the cultural risk factors, evaluate the impact of obesity on health and well-being, identify challenges in controlling obesity, and discuss recommendations. The research highlights the importance of understanding cultural factors and their influence on obesity in order to develop effective strategies to control the issue.

CULTURAL INFLUENCE
ON OBESITY BAME
GROUP ADULTS
BETWEEN 25-55 YEARS'
LIVING IN ENGLAND
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE..............................................................................................................................................5
CHAPTER: 1 INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................5
1.0 Introduction to the chapter.....................................................................................................5
1.2 Background to the problem...................................................................................................5
1.3 Aims/ objective or research questions...................................................................................6
Research Questions......................................................................................................................6
1.4 Rationale of the research (identifies the reasons for the research)........................................7
1.5 Significance of the research (gives the benefits of the findings from the research)..............7
1.6 Summary of the chapter (gives what has been presented in the chapter)..............................8
Chapter 2: Literature Review..........................................................................................................9
2.0 Introduction to the chapter.....................................................................................................9
2.1 Broad literature review on the research topic........................................................................9
2.2 Theoretical framework.........................................................................................................10
2.3 Gaps in the literature............................................................................................................14
2.4 Summary of the chapter.......................................................................................................14
3.0 Introduction to the chapter (gives what is contained in the chapter)..................................15
3.1 Philosophical aspects of the research..................................................................................16
3.2 Data collection method........................................................................................................16
3.3 Data sources.........................................................................................................................17
3.4 Inclusion and exclusion criteria...........................................................................................17
3.5 Data analysis........................................................................................................................18
3.6 Research ethics....................................................................................................................18
3.7 Limitations of the research..................................................................................................19
3.8 Summary of the chapter (gives what has been presented in the chapter)...........................19
Chapter 4: Results.........................................................................................................................20
4.0 Introduction to the chapter...................................................................................................20
4.1 Result for question/objectives one.......................................................................................20
4.2 Result for question/objectives two.......................................................................................24
4.3 Result for question/objectives three.....................................................................................29
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4.4 Summary of the chapter.......................................................................................................34
Chapter 5: Findings, discussion and conclusion...........................................................................34
5.0 Introduction to the chapter...................................................................................................34
5.1 Findings and discussion of results.......................................................................................34
5.2 Conclusions..........................................................................................................................36
5.3 Recommendations................................................................................................................36
5.4 Summary of the chapter.......................................................................................................37
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................38
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ABSTRACT
The black Asian and minority ethnic is one of the communities and are those people who
are living in England and facing the issues of obesity and other factors being from black Asian
minority ethnic. The project is aimed at identifying the influence of Obesity among group of
adults between 25-55 Age group. Objectives re made and research questions have been devised
to understand the depth of the issue among the community people. Literature review consisted of
evaluation and analysis of various arguments presented by authors in regard to the issue of
obesity, the role of cultural factors, the inability to undertake physical activities, rising health
conditions and associate disease and Maslow’s’ content theory was evaluated which resulted in
high physical needs in BAME community. Research methodology was evaluated as qualitative
research with inductive approach and interpretivism philosophy. The data collection happened
through primary and secondary sources and a questionnaire method was adopted to conduct
primary research with purposive sampling of 30 people from the BAME community. The results
turned out to be majority of the people consuming unhealthy food, not undertaking physical
exercise, showing signs of depression, showing lack of willingness and suffering from associated
health conditions. The findings were discussed and the recommendations were proposed which
included reduction of the obesity level like health promotion strategies, collaboration of
workplaces and Government agencies to inculcate a healthy culture.
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TITLE
To identify the influence of Obesity among group of adults between 25-55
CHAPTER: 1 INTRODUCTION
1.0 Introduction to the chapter
The research is done on the topic of the black Asian minority ethnic group of adults between the
age of its 25 to 55 years Who are living in England. The black Asian and minority ethnic is one
of the communities and are those people who are living in England and facing the issues of
obesity and other factors being a black Asian minority ethnic (Dekkers, Jansen and Lamb, 2019).
Black Asian minority ethnic who are living in London, England are facing a lot of issues in the
obesity. obesity is one of the very important issue which people need to understand as it is
affecting the health of the people. the culture influence on obesity's that the people are from
Asian background and have a different culture when they used to live in Asia. After changing the
location and living in London England, there are a lot of changes in the culture and the process
of living which create a lot of issues in the obesity and influence the obesity in the black Asian
minority ethnics. the people between the age of 25 to 55 years are facing a lot of issues in the
England in terms of obesity and it's very important to control the obesity issues because it further
creates a lot of issues like diabetic and other health issues to the people who are facing obesity.
1.2 Background to the problem
Cultural factor plays a big role in obesity and it is also influencing the issues of obesity black
Asian and minority ethnic. Countries of item at it denotes that factors which is set of rules, learn
by sharing example, experience by certain group of people who are representing their culture and
values (Panca and et.al., 2018). The black Asian minority ethnic adult have a culture of eating a
lot of food and not working out and having a lot of junk foods which causes them the weight
issues and also influence the obesity in them. obesity have become a huge issue of health which
people need to understand and in England the Asian minorities are facing a lot of obesity issues
which are creating a lot of other health issues to them in a very young age.
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1.3 Aims/ objective or research questions
Aim
To analyse cultural influences on Obesity issue in Black Asian and Minority Ethnic
(BAME) between the age group of 25-55 years residential in England.
Objectives
 To study culture risk factor which influences high prevalence of obesity in
BAME adult group.
 To evaluate impact of obesity on health and well-being of BAME adult group.
 To identify the challenges in controlling obesity issues in BAME adults.
 To discuss and recommend strategies and policies of UK national in controlling
obesity.
Research Questions
1. What is the factor of culture risk that bring high prevalence in obesity issues among
Black Asian and Minority Ethnic group.
2. What are the impact of obesity on health and well-being issues to those with overweight
and BAME adult group.
3. What strategies are working in the current situation to tackle the obesity issues in
England.
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1.4 Rationale of the research (identifies the reasons for the research)
The research issue is culture factor risk and influencing obesity issues in black Asian and
minority ethnic group of people between the age group of 25 to 55 years. it is important to
understand the criticality because it can affect health and wellbeing of people to the worst
situation as it can increase other health issues like diabetes and other body issues to the people. it
needs to address as soon as possible because it is affecting huge population which is a high
concern for the people and for the government (Rudolf and et.al., 2019). The research will
highlight factors, challenges and recommendation with culture factor to the issues of obesity in
black Asian minority ethnic. understanding the criticality of the issue the research is made to find
out the actual causes which are increasing the issues of obesity in England. the research is very
important to control the issue of obesity due to the cultural influence between the age group of
25-55 years. Cultural issues are one of the major factors which influence the obesity because the
living and the food habits I went off the major reason for the influence of obesity and the
researcher discuss all the reasons which are affecting obesity.
The culture of Asia is totally different from the culture of United Kingdom and it is very
important to understand both the culture’s culture plays a very important role and influencing the
obesity issues in black Asian and minority ethnics. the minority group and the community a lot
of different issues and have a lot of bad diet which increases city issues make them unhandy and
increase other disease in their body. the research is important to identify the factors which can
help and also to make people understand about the emergence of help awareness because health
awareness is very important as the health of the people is very important for the government and
they want to increase as much as began to help in decreasing the visiting and other issues of the
minority of group of people. the age group of 25 to 55-year-old is a very important age factor, if
the government have controlled the issues of these age factor of people or the age group of
people than they can control the influence in the future to other people or the next generation
(Baker and et.al., 2020).
1.5 Significance of the research (gives the benefits of the findings from the research)
The research is very important on the culture and influence of obesity on black Asian minority
ethnic group of people and adults between the age of 25 to 55 years who are living in England. It
is very important to include this topic in the research cause the increase in the influence of
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obesity in the England in the people of black Asian minority ethnics so that people get aware
about the issues and the process on how to control the obesity issues and what are the ways
which are affecting and making the issues happen (Rudolf and et.al., 2019). The research will
help and signifies a lot of people we’re looking for a good idea about the obesity issues which
are increasing in England among the black Asian minority ethnics and the group of people with a
different age group. it is important to signify these issues to make everyone aware and their bold
significance to different people who want to understand the obesity issues in a deeper way. the
research will provide a good data about the issue of obesity and the influenced by the culture
which is creating a lot of issues influencing the obesity.
It will also help in making understand about the culture of different countries and the influenced
by the culture and the reasons so that people get to know about the cultural effect and how they
can control the cultural effect in influencing the obesity issues as obesity can also lead to other
health problems to the people. Those who are facing the issues will get a huge help from the
report and the research and they can help others in understanding the reasons of obesity and how
the obesity can become worse for them if they are not able to understand the criticality of the
disease and how to control the influence of obesity. The research signifies the challenges which
are creating obesity in black Asian minority ethnics and other cultural factors which influence
the obesity and the research will help people understand the challenges in the recommendations
which can help them in fighting obesity issues in black Asians minority admins.
1.6 Summary of the chapter (gives what has been presented in the chapter)
the research is done on the cultural influence of obesity on black Asian minority ethnic group of
adults between the age of 25 to 55 years living in England. it is very important and the research
will provide research title end introduction to the chapter which is contained in the research. do
research also provide the background to the problem and what are the issues the problem can
create in other people and influence. background help in understanding the issues and it provides
a brief introduction and the problem of the introduction which is the concern for the researchers
to explain. after that the aims and objective will be explained in the research and the research
questions which are to be honest the research so that the research can be done in a better way and
an improved way. rationally explain the reasons of the research which the researcher had
explained Internationally part into the dissertation (Keaver, Xu, Jaccard and Webber, 2020). the
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significance of the research provides the benefit of finding the research and how it can help
others in understanding the issues in a wider context and help the people to understand the
criticality of having a knowledge on black Asian minority ethnics obesity issues who are living
in London. The summary of the chapter explained a brief introduction in the background of the
topic which provide a good knowledge about the topic and the aims and objectives which the
researcher will provide throughout the research. It is very important to understand the rationally
because they rationally provide the reasons of doing the research and the importance of the
research by the researcher on the given topic.
Chapter 2: Literature Review
2.0 Introduction to the chapter
The Nørtoft, Chubb and Borglykke, (2018), explain the chapter will help in understanding the
issue of culture Influence on obesity black Asian minority ethnic group adult between 25 to 55
years living in England. It is very important to have a great understanding of obesity because it is
one of the major concerns of health issues in the black Asian minority ethnic group of adults
without facing the issues of obesity and are living in England. Obesity is one of the major
concerns to understand as it is very important for the people to get aware about obesity issues
and the cause and the effects of obesity to increase and influence other health issues do the
human body.
2.1 Broad literature review on the research topic
The Capehorn, Haslam and Welbourn, (2016), suggest that it is very important to control the
obesity, the obesity is rising very high and rapidly in the black Asian minority ethnic due to their
diet and food habits, eating junk foods and lots of other things which are influencing the obesity.
Culture is one of the major factors which help increasing obesity among the adult’s group of 25
to 55 year. Black Asian minority ethnics have the issue of eating a lot not working out to
maintain their health which is causing them weight issues and other obesity issues which are
further increasing in other health disease like diabetes, weakness etc.
The Lydon and et.al., (2016), suggested that it is very important to understand the criticality of
obesity as it is one of the major reasons of increasing health issues. people are getting lazy and
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not working out which are increasing day by day in their health and mental health also. obesities
drive from body mass index calculation using height and weight measurements. Obesity caused
due to other factors also which includes a bad habit and less physical activities which increase
the issue of obesity. The culture of black Asian minority ethnics is totally different from the
people who are living in England, culture plays a very important part and it affects the overall
health issues due to the oily food, junk food common street food and other consumption of oily
and fat foods which increase the weight and also increase the obesity of the people. obesity is
generally caused by consuming more calories and those particular fatty products and sugary
foods it can only burn by physical activities. obesity is increasingly common problem because
for many people who are living in modern culture and modern living and their busy schedules in
Greece a lot of tensions in which their eating habits change less of exercise and working out
increase their cholesterol and other disease and also increase the obesity issues. There are other
health conditions it can increased and occasionally contribute to weight gains such as thyroid
which also causing weight problems which needs to be controlled with medicines and other
exercise.
The Hooper and et.al., (2018), Obesity is increasing day by day and it’s very important to
understand and make people aware about the issue they’re facing and not knowing how it can
become worse in the situation and Hogan the cure or make it better and improve their health
condition. It is very important for people to understand the criticality of obesity as it can increase
in a lot dangerous situations and can also get further in other people by saying that they’re not
doing anything and not working off to improve their health conditions and health is one of the
best and most important part of living on which the government and the UK government are
focusing to improve their habits and make people aware about working out and reduce all these
health issues.
2.2 Theoretical framework
The Segal, Huerta, and Sassi, (2019), stated that Maslow’s theory of hierarchy of need Is one of
the theories which explained the research problem and also you should explain the relationship
between deprivation and particular disease. explain how the needs can become an issue to a
particular disease. Maslow’s theory of hierarchy of need Is 1 often motivational theory in
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psychology which have 5 tier model of human needs, which is often that picked it as retail level
within a pyramid. the theory explain that it is very important for a person to satisfy their personal
needs an individual needs to go up higher in the situation. From the bottom of the hierarchy
upwards it required to continuously satisfy your needs. The needs are: psychological, safety,
love and belonging, esteem and self-actualization.
le Roux and et.al., (2020), suggested that the five-stage model can be divided into different needs
and growth needs. the first 4 levels are often referred to deficiency need and the top level is
known as growth or being needs. The topic of culture influence on obesity on black Asian
minority ethnic group adult between the 25 to 55 years living in England can be connected with
the theory as the theory is related to the motivation and need and the needs include personal and
professional needs of the people living in England who belongs from the black Asian minority
ethnic group. the original hierarchy of needs are divided in five stages model by Maslow’s, who
stated that people are motivated in achieving different needs and that some needs take
precedence over others. needs are made with the way of living and how people live and from
which culture they are belonging.
1. Psychological needs
Psychological need which refers to the biological requirement for human survival. it is referred
to the basic needs which a person wants in his life and it is very important for the survival of a
human. The need includes the survival like air, food, drink, shelter, clothing, warmth, sex, sleep.
The psychological need includes the basic need which are mandatory for the survival and these
needs are those which are important to make a human body function. it is one of the most
important needs cause these are the basic needs to survive and live a healthy life. Psychological
need is is lengthened with the influence of obesity as the culture of blackish Asian man minority
ethnic are mood focused and more motivated towards the basic need and following the basic
needs and they are not focusing on how to work out and do other things. Which is causing them
the issue of obesity and heavyweight it issues to the people between the in the age of 25 to 55
years old.
2. Safety need
Safety needs are one of the individual psychological needs which are important to get satisfy. it
is very important for a human is a basic need to get the safety and people are always motivated to
find safeties. It is very important to find the best of safety insecurities as they become the salient
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factors of need and people want to experience to be safe and controlled in their life. These needs
can be fulfilled by the family and the society which includes or for example police, school, and
business and medical care. it also includes financial securities which a person is always
motivated for and the emotional securities. the law and orders to have a healthy and safe living
and a freedom from fear. Safety and security is very important and it is also influencing the
obesity as people are just focusing on the safety of living but they are not working out for the
better health.
3. love and belongingness need
after psychological and safety needs the third stage and the third pillar of the Maslow’s hierarchy
need theory explain that while living it is important to satisfy the love and belongingness needs
which includes the social and feelings of belongingness. The need for interpersonal relationships
motivates behaviour and it is very important for a human to satisfy these needs which includes
friendship, intimacy, trust an acceptance, receiving and giving affection and love being part of a
group.
4. Esteem needs
These are the 4th level in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs which motivates people and it is a
motivational theory need which is important to get satisfied. this need is classified into two
categories which include that a person always motivates further steam for oneself and the other is
to desire the reputation or respect from others. it indicates that the need for respect our reputation
is most important for children and adolescents. Get honoured due to they’re working and they
always want to get respect and acceptance which include dignity and achievement from others.
Esteem needs Add one of the most important needs which are include in the psychological needs
and it motivates people I’m doing a lot of things and want to get reputed respect and dignity from
others.
5. Self-actualization
It is the highest level in Maslow’s hierarchy of need and motivations which refers to the
realization of a personal potential, self-fulfilment, seeking personal growth and peak experience
level. This is the level which reflect the desire to become the most that one can be in their life.
individuals perceived and focus a lot on this need very specifically and may have a strong desire
to become an ideal parent.
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According to Chami and et.al., (2020), the Maslow’s theory of hierarchy of needs is used to
explain the relationship between deprivations and particular disease because the culture influence
of obesity can be related with the motivational needs and the basic needs which include a basic
food and shelter. Food habits of black Asian minority ethnics are one of the major reasons which
create a lot of issues in the obesity of the people. it can be managed but people want to satisfy
their basic need to the fullest and it also creates a mess and conflicts between health issues which
increase the obesity and influence other health disease. different culture is one of the major
factors which can explain the issue of obesity in black Asian minority ethnics and people from
the minority ethnics all always want to satisfy their basic needs in psychological needs. They are
more focused in their basic and safety needs which they want to complete which includes food
shelter and the safety and security of them.
The Kerr and et.al., (2020),concluded that the influence of culture on the issue of obesity in
blackish and minority ethnics group of people between the age of 25 to 55 years Living in
England need to understand the criticality of needs and wants and they need to improve their
culture and their habits so that they can control their basic date and also start working out to
improve their health. it is one of the major factors of people nowadays that they are not
improving their regular health diet and taking good nutrition’s so that they can remain healthy on
the other hand they are using and utilizing a lot of junk food which causing them a lot of health
issues like high cholesterol, Diabetes, sugar, high blood pressure and low blood pressure. the
research is very important to cover all the obesity issues and make a good awareness to the
people so that they can have a good knowledge about the obesity and the reasons on why they
need stronger stand the obesity issue and how this influence can affect the adult group people
who are living in England and are from Asian minority ethnic. The model of need had a key and
motivational help in understanding the needs and how people get motivated to do the regular
things too get their basic needs to live and the same goes for black Asian minority ethnic as they
also want to live better and want to satisfy all the basic necessity to live. but it is very important
for them to have the awareness about working out, doing a lot of gym and playing a lot of sports
so that they can maintain their health and also have an awareness about the health issues which
are increasing day by day in the country. the lack of awareness is the reason of the influence of
obesity and the culture needs to be changed as bad habits can increase and get to the worse of the
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situation of obesity and it can rise more into other people which is not good and doesn't let in
better improvement in future.
2.3 Gaps in the literature
As per the view of Peacock and et.al., (2020), The researchers have focused on a lot of new
issues related to the obesity which are not included in the previous research by other researchers
and it is very important to find the main concern and reasons which are influencing the issue of
obesity in the black Asian and minority ethnic of people between the age group of 25 to 55 years
who are living in England. It is very important to understand the scenario so that they can create
a good research on the issues which are missed in the previous research by the researcher. the
research will include a theoretical framework which shows that how needs increase the
motivation and how needs can influence the issue of obesity and can be provide a relationship
between deprivation and particular disease. Black Asian minority ethnic group of adult work in
the situations which are very minority and they need to get aware about the issues of obesity
which they are ignoring from a longer period of time and the better research and the gap of
research which the researcher is focusing is to understand and make other understand about the
theoretical framework of cultural influence on obesity. theoretical framework is helping in
understanding the needs and also the needs of black Asian and minority ethnic of group people
and how their needs and cultural factors influencing the obesity issue and why the issue is
influenced in the people.
2.4 Summary of the chapter
The summary of the chapter is providing a brief introduction of what literature review mean and
how the literature review is explained. the literature review is explaining the research topic in a
Broadway so that it helps in better understanding and wider understanding of the topic which
includes from different perspective. it is also including the theoretical framework and the need
theory off Maslow’s hierarchy. The chapter will explain the relationship between deprivations
and particular disease and how motivation and needs are influencing the disease and obesity in
the black Asian minority ethnic of people.
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The chapter is providing a great review and explanation of the literature review on cultural
influence on obesity among black Asian and minority ethnic group adults between 25 to 55 years
living in England and is providing the understanding of how the literature review is explaining
the detailed information about the topic and it is also explaining the theoretical framework and
the relationship of models and theories on the topic. the disease and the cultural influence of
people with influencing the disease on a wider context and can become worst part Op situation
flensing the worst health issues and other health disease to the people who are living in England
and are from the black Asian and minority ethnic group.
Chapter 3: Research Methodology
3.0 Introduction to the chapter (gives what is contained in the chapter)
The chapter will explain all the ways and how the research has been done on the particular topic
and it will help in understanding the overall scenario of the research on the black Asian minority
ethnic group of people (Murshed and Zhang, 2016). the researcher will explain the ways in how
the research has been done and what type and approaches are used in doing the research
methodology on the given topic to the researcher. it will also explain every depth detail about the
research and the researcher will explain the process of the overall research and how the data is
being collected and sampled and what are the approaches and processes which are used in the
sampling and collection of data and the representation of data to get the better research of the
given topic.
Research methodology
Research methodology Refer to the process and an specific procedure or technique which the
researcher used to identify the selected process and the selected topic on which the research is
going on (Mohajan, 2018). it is a way of analysing information about a particular topic in a
research paper, in research paper the methodology section allows the reader who are going
through the research in getting a critical evaluation I study overall validity and the reliability of
the research. explain the entire process of how the data is being found and what type of research
is done in the research on the particular topic and how the researcher found out every knowledge
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about the topic and the issues which is important. it also explained the ethical consideration and
reliability and validity to the reader in methodology.
3.1 Philosophical aspects of the research
A research philosophy is a human belief which is about the ways in which the research data
about a particular topic or phenomenon should be gathered, analysed and utilized. Research
philosophy is a vast topic which deals with the sources, nature and development of knowledge
(Dodds and Hess, 2020). A research philosophy is basically a believed about the ways in which
the data and the interpretation of a phenomenal topic should be collected utilized and analysed.
In addressing to the research philosophy in the dissertation it involves to being aware and
formulate the beliefs and assumptions during the result and research. The identification of the
research philosophies by the outer layer of the research according to the first topic of the research
methodology which is research type explain the research philosophies ways of doing work. the
research type is of two types which includes qualitative and quantitative research in the
methodology. the researcher is doing the qualitative type of research which includes the research
philosophy of human beliefs and the researchers will use the interpretivism way of philosophes
during the research process on the given topic as the research is being done on qualitative type
and investigation on small depth (Ørngreen and Levinsen, 2017).
3.2 Data collection method
Data collection is the process of collecting the data’s and it is a processor in which the collecting
measuring and analysing of the accurate insights of a particular research using this validated
techniques and standard techniques. data collection is the primary and most important step for
the research and it is one of the most important part of the research methodology which the
researchers follow deeply. it is very important for the researchers to utilize the research and the
efforts in the data collection so that he can utilize the best of the topic and found a better research
on the given topic. Data collection is of two types which include one is primary and the other one
is secondary source of data collection (Dźwigoł and Dźwigoł-Barosz, 2018). The primary source
of data collection is known as the first-hand data and the fresh data, it is collected directly from
the data source and not going through any existing sources. Another hand the secondary source
of data collection is the 2nd and data which have already collected in the past and is being
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utilized by the researcher in the research methodology to improve the research. The researcher
will use both primary and secondary source of data collection in the research methodology to
improve the research and to utilize the topic by providing a better research depth. The researcher
will utilize both.
3.3 Data sources
The sources of data in the research methodology explain the process of finding the sources and
the ways from different schools to find the data collection. It is the process in which the
researchers utilize different ways of primary and secondary source of data collection which help
in finding the data sources which include the ways of finding raw data, diary entries call my
letters, photograph, artifacts and different eyewitnesses and interviews, legal documentation,
government documentations, public records (Zangirolami-Raimundo, Echeimberg and Leone,
2018). The secondary source of data collections is used in this research methodology including
books and general articles an old issued of data. Primary source is the newspaper interviews off
highly profile people and the books in general of well-known authors with peer views ways.
3.4 Inclusion and exclusion criteria
inclusion and exclusion criteria of the data for study participants is a standard, required practice
to have a high-quality research protocol. The inclusive criteria’s which the researcher used in the
research methodology are the books in general and all the data which they found in primary and
secondary resources are used in English language to understand better because the researcher
does not have a lot of time to change the different languages and understand the different
languages to make the research better so the researchers have used the single language and also
include the latest general in books of the past five years.
The exclusion of criteria which the researcher used is that the researchers have excluded the
books in general which are more than five years past and also excluded different languages book
and only choose the well-known authors with Copyright and peer views ways and excluded the
others.
The inclusion and exclusion of the criteria which the researcher have used in the research
methodology is very important as it improves the performance of the research and the researcher
have found a lot of issues by doing the research and he has choose different we in find the
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research topic issues and have included a lot of these to improve the research and excluded a lot
of things to make the quality of the research gets improved in a short period of time which the
researcher get.
3.5 Data analysis
It is the process used by the researcher for reducing data do a story and interpretating it to drive
inside it is a process of analysing all the data which is collected by the researcher and after doing
the sampling of the data the researcher analysed the data. the data analysis process can be done in
different ways but it is according to the resource types and philosophes (Taherdoost, 2016). the
data analysis is dependent on the type of research the researcher is doing and in this case the
researcher is using the qualitative data form and in the qualitative data of research they have
presented the words and description. the quality data analysts represent the taste and experience
of the respondent and it is done in the word format and also described in a deeper manner so that
the understanding of the topic can be improved and presented in a better format. if the data and
this is and the research is done in quantitative way then the researchers have done the statistical
form of data analysis which includes the numerical figure another numerical and statistical way
of doing the research.
Data analysis is one of the most important part of the research as the research is being done on
the culture influence of obesity on black Asian minority ethnic group of people between the age
group of 25 to 55 years living in London. the researchers have chosen 30 respondents to do the
data analysis and have completed all the data related things on the 30 respondent to find the
research gets improved and have better understanding of the research through a deep way of
describing the research topic and helping others to understand the criticality of the work.
3.6 Research ethics
Ethical consideration and research ethics are very important for the researcher to provide the best
ethical way of research so that the research can be trusted and provide a better impact on the
people who are reading the research and finding the information from the research on the given
topic. ethical consideration shows that the researcher has utilized the best of the time and make a
research in the ethical the of representing the research on the topic. In the research ethics the
18

researcher and the consent have a declaration form which the consent has to form and fill the
form to provide a declaration that the respondent is not being forced while doing the research and
the researcher is not forcing any respondent to make the decisions and all the decisions are taken
by the respondent. there is a consent form and a declaration form which needs to be filled by the
respondent which show the proof about the research quality and the way of doing the research by
the researcher in an improved and ethical manner to provide the basic rules of research
methodology.
Ethical consideration is very important by the researcher to provide the best ethical way of doing
the research as it improves the quality and provide a better trust as the declaration form provide
quality of working and it also make people know that the research is being done on the people to
understand the importance of the obesity influence by the culture in the black Asian minority
ethnic topic so that those who want to take a good knowledge about the research topic can get a
better idea from the research then by the researcher.
3.7 Limitations of the research
Research methodology limitation is the process which explain that the researcher has done the
research in the given time period and have used the limited time and the limited resources to
provide the best research on the given topic. the research had utilized the best of the time and
make a research for the topic on culture in France on obesity on black Asian and minority ethnics
group of people between the age group of 25 to 55 year Living in England. The researcher have
utilized the given time and the resources and work in all the limitations but also provide the best
quality information in the limited period of time with limited resources and as the researcher was
having a short time he utilized the best of the time to improve the research with quality standards
(Ngozwana, 2018).
3.8 Summary of the chapter (gives what has been presented in the chapter)
The summary of the chapter explained that the researcher has done the research on the given
topic of cultural influence of obesity on blackish and an minority ethnic of people and group
19

between the age of 25 to 55 year old living in England. the researcher explained in this chapter
about how the research is done and the ways in which the research methodology process is being
completed by the researcher. It also explained include the philosophes aspect of the researcher.
In the research and the ways in which data collection method is being done by the researcher
with the philosophe’s aspect of the research and the ways in which the researcher have done the
research methodology with data collection method including the primary and secondary source
of data to explain the research topic in a better way an improved way. the data sources are also
explained in the chapter including the secondary in primary data sources and the inclusion and
exclusion criteria is which the researchers have used in the research by including strategies and
excluding different factors to improve the performance of the research (Ulmer, 2017). The
research also includes the data analysis and the ways in which the research is done in the ethnical
where an ethical consideration is followed by the researcher and done the research in the limited
time and the limited sources and made a good research on the given topic.
Chapter 4: Results
4.0 Introduction to the chapter
The chapter will introduce the better understanding of the ground report and it will help in
explaining the better idea about what people are thinking and how they respond to the research
and the report of the researcher. It will help in understanding the issue of culture influence and
the issue of obesity on the people of BAME in England.
4.1 Result for question/objectives one
THEME 1 : The majority of people and respondent find that they are considering
themselves as overweight and obese.
Do you consider yourself as? PARTICULAR
Underweight 5
20

Normal weight 2
Overweight 12
Obese 11
TOTAL 30
INTERPRETATION:
The interpretation of the above diagram and pie graph show that the people are
considering themselves as obese and overweight. It is the respondents believe that they
feel that they are overweight and are obese in the health which is something to
concerned about. The majority of 40% of the respondents believe that they are
overweight and 365 of respondents believe that they are obese.
21

THEME 2: majority of the respondents feel that they are having the issues due to
unhealthy food diet and not doing workout
What are the issues which is causing
obesity in the people?
PARTICULAR
Stress 7
Unhealthy food diet 10
No workouts 10
Busy schedule 3
TOTAL 30
INTERPRETATION:
22

The pie graph and the chart explain that the people are having issue of obesity in the
BAME and it is due to a lot of issues and the respondents have agreed that it is majorly
due to the unhealthy food diet and the no workout schedule which is causing the
obesity issue. 34% and 33% of the respondent have agreed to this.
THEME 3: every single respondent wanted to get the best of the fitness and better
shape of body.
Do you want to get in better shape? PARTICULAR
Yes 30
no 0
TOTAL 30
23

INTERPRETATION:
The pie graph and chart is interpretation that the respondent have choose and agreed
that they want to get fit and have a healthy living the life. They want to improve their
fitness and all of the respondents agreed to this and want to have a good healthy life
and they also believe that the issues of obesity are due to the lack of workout and diets.
4.2 Result for question/objectives two
THEME 4: majority of respondents agreed to that their family member are not
overweight.
Is your family member being
overweight and having issue of
obesity? How does it make you feel?
PARTICULAR
Discourage (I feel I’m destined to end
up overweight and unhealthy; so it
keep me from trying)
7
Empowered (I don’t want to end up
with their health problems; so, it
motivates me try to lose weight)
8
Indifferent (it doesn’t really affect me 5
24

one way or the other)
My family member isn’t overweight? 10
TOTAL 30
INTERPRETATION:
The interpretation of the graph and pie is representing that the respondents have agree
that their family members are not overweight and have a good and normal health.
They also want to achieve the best of the fitness and want to improve their live.
Majority of the 33% of respondents believe that they are having no family member
who is having the obesity and weight issue.
THEME 5: People eat outside food about once in a day
On average how often do you eat
out?
PARTICULAR
25

Three meal a day 3
Two meal a day 5
One meal a day 12
Few times a week 8
Rarely or never 2
TOTAL 30
INTERPRETATION:
From the above pictorial illustration, it can be observed that around 40% of the total
respondents have stated that they go out to eat food for a minimum of once a day, that accounts
for at least one meal every day that can be considered junk food. Around 27% of the BAME
adult group have stated that they eat outside food a few times in a week, which can be accounted
26

as few meals in a week. 17% of the total respondents stated that they consume outside food or
junk food at least two meal per day while about 10% of the BAME adult group residing in
England as per the sample population consume junk food for about three times a day or eat only
junk food and no healthy or home-made food at all. Only about 6% of the total number of
respondents have agreed that they never go out to eat food or go out rarely. Therefore, it can be
inferred from that most of the people tend to consume unhealthy food on a daily basis at least
once a day. This can attribute directly to health conditions like obesity which leads to high
cholesterol, diabetes and other conditions along will diminished metabolism of individuals. The
junk food is also known to have very low nutritional value and is harmful for health in the longer
duration.
THEME 6: lack of willpower is the reason for people not doing exercises and
consuming unhealthy food
What keeps you from working
out effectively and/or consume
healthy diet regularly?
PARTICULAR
Low Confidence of body 0
Lack of willpower 12
Commercial and billboard 8
Friends and social pressure 10
TOTAL 30
27

INTERPRETATION:
It can be observed from the above pictorial representation that majority of the
respondents or about 40% of the BAME adult group sample population has stated that lack of
will power is the major reason for them to not consume healthy food items on a daily basis and
even working out in gyms or doing normal exercises. On the other hand, the rest of the
respondents have mentioned other reasons. About 33% of the total respondents have stated that
friends, peer pressure or social pressure is the reason which stops them from eating healthy food
as they push them to go out and consume junk food items as a part of the recreational activities.
About 27% of the people have mentioned that commercial and billboards of outside food items
or advertisements of junk food tends to attract them in consuming unhealthy food or going
outside to eat in cafes, hang out places, street foods, fast food joints etc. It was also noted that
none of the respondents have mentioned anything regarding the confidence of body being a
hindrance in working out in the gyms. It can be inferred from the data that majority of the people
tend to live a sedentary lifestyle in UK and blame laziness as a major reason for obesity.
However, as per the recent scientific studies, it has been proven that lack of will power is not the
sole reason for contributing to obesity but other factors are biology, social and psychological
factors that contribute to lack in the cause of obesity and not willing to work out.
28

4.3 Result for question/objectives three
THEME 7: the major challenge that the people face due to the body shape from
obesity is the lack of confidence
what are the challenges you face
with your body?
PARTICULAR
lazy all the time 1
weakness 5
health issues 9
lack of confidence 10
demotivation 5
TOTAL 30
29

INTERPRETATION:
The pictorial representation illustrated above showcases data regarding how people
feel or what major challenge they face in terms of obesity. The majority of the
respondents or about 33% of them state that they have to face lack of confidence
which ultimately diminishes and deteriorates their mental health, lead them towards
depression and even impact their personality as they get inferiority complex due the
body weight. On the other hand, about 30% of the respondents consider the major
challenge raised from obesity are the health risks associated with it, which includes
hypertension, higher mortality rate, cardiovascular and coronary diseases, high
chances to get type 2 diabetes, stroke, osteoarthritis, gallbladder issues, mental health
issues and overall low quality of life. About 17% of the respondents have stated that
they tend to feel weak most of the times due to obesity which decreases their capacity
to work, do daily life activities and reduces the overall productivity of the body. 17%
of the respondents say that they tend to feel lazy all the time which can be attributed to
sedentary lifestyle and lower capacity in both physical and mental terms to initiate any
work. Merely 3% of the respondents have stated that they feel demotivated all the time
due to the body weight and don’t show any interest in doing any activities. Therefore,
30

it can be inferred from the data collected that lack of confidence persists among the
obese individuals.
THEME 8: Majority of respondents stated that their body structure is the cause of
keeping them way from being physically active
what keeping you away from being
physical active?
PARTICULAR
confidence 10
my body 11
depression 7
anxiety 2
TOTAL 30
31

INTERPRETATION:
It can be inferred from the above pictorial illustration that around 37% of the total
respondents consider that their body itself is a major cause of hindrance to encourage them to
undertake physical activities. However, it can also be seen that about 33% of the people say that
confidence is a major reason for them to not do physical activities. 23% of the total BAME adult
group states that they suffer from depression and it is the major barrier which demotivated them
from undertaking any physical activities, as depression is a clinical mental health issue and
instigates people to oversleep and stop socialising and going out, naturally reducing motivation
to workout. The rest of the respondents mention that anxiety has been a reason for lower
motivation to do physical activities as anxiety is closely related to depression, nervousness and
panic attacks that might happen due to some underlying psychological issues or fear of doing
exercises, social pressures and other individual reasons.
THEME 9: majority of people agreed that workout can be helpful in improving their
health.
do you think working out can help in
increasing the health better and
reduce the obesity issue in BAME?
PARTICULAR
YES 19
NO 11
TOTAL 30
32

INTERPRETATION:
It can be observed from the above pictorial representation that majority of the from Black
Asian Minority Ethnic adult group that is 63% of them have strongly agreed that physical
activities, exercises and working out on a regular basis tends to reduce the risks of obesity in
context to health and even help in the reduction of weight while improving the overall health. It
can be observed that about 37% of the adult group does not agree with the same. This can be
portraying the lack of education and health literacy in the BANE community or can be simply
attributes to unawareness of best health practices. However, the majority still considers work
outs important, the major reasons for which is that regular exercise and a schedule cardio
activities, weight training, yoga or even indulging in sports can help in the improvement of the
human body metabolism, release oxytocin hormones which boots the mood, improve the muscle
mass and reduce fat percentage through anaerobic respiration and increases the overall efficiency
of the human body, Working out removes obesity and the other health conditions associated with
it, which is why the majority of the people have the general idea that working out is the best way
to improve their health status.
33

4.4 Summary of the chapter
The summary of the chapter will explain about the respondents answer to the question and the
ways they have reacted to the questions of the researcher on the topic of Culture influencing the
issue of obesity in the BAME group of people between the age group of 25-55 years in England.
The chapter will describe the better understanding of the ground report by the researcher as the
researcher have found the respondents result and explained the theoretical data and provide a
great respond of the people towards the issue and it will help in understanding the criticality of
the cause of this issue and how people are taking this as an awareness. The chapter is one of the
most important part of the research as it is explaining the majority and practical data
representation of the research which the researcher is explaining.
Chapter 5: Findings, discussion and conclusion
5.0 Introduction to the chapter
In this section, all the relevant findings that have been gathered from both the primary
and secondary research will be discussed, benchmarked and substantiated. All the inferences will
be synthesised and the results or findings that have been obtained from the research from chapter
4 will be compared with the literature review from chapter 2. All the analysed context will then
be explained through the personal point of view of the scholar along with the relevant reasons
and logic for the conclusion of the result, relationships, inconsistencies and deeper meanings of
the context. Various judgements will be reported from the conclusion of the report. Apart from
that solutions will be recommended after the recognition of requirements and suggestions will be
aimed at solving the issues in the best possible manner in context of the conclusion.
5.1 Findings and discussion of results
From the literature review conducted in chapter 2, the major arguments and discussions
as presented through different authentic articles, journals, books, government reports etc. by
authors led to the idea that obesity is highly prevalent issue in regards to Black Asian Minority
Ethnic adult group in the UK. Obesity turned out to be a major concern as it is very important for
the people to get aware about obesity issues and the cause and the effects of obesity to increase
and influence other health issues do the human body (Hosseini, Turhan and Gunarathna, 2017).
34

It was also argued in the review that controlling the obesity is a major need in the BANE
community as the obesity is rising very high and rapidly in the black Asian minority. It was also
noted that there have been evidences of increasing health issues and people are getting lazy and
not working out which are increasing day by day in their health and mental health also. It was
also counter argued that the major reason for this was the difference in the cultures of black
Asian minority ethnics and the native people of England, and the fact that culture plays a very
significant part and it affects the overall health conditions because of the high consumption of
oily food, junk food common street food along with lower levels of physical activities that has
been observed in the community. The content theory of Maslow’s hierarchy was also explained
in the review which concluded that the Food habits of black Asian minority ethnics can be
attributed as a major reason that creates obesity issue. The difference in culture can be observed
as a major reason which explains the issue as the people tend to be more focused regarding the
basic and safety needs to be fulfilled which consists of food, shelter, safety and security. All the
authors stated the arguments precisely and none of the points can be refuted (Ekinci, 2016).
As per the primary research conducted in the chapter 4 through questionnaire method
using purposive sampling, all the points mentioned in the literature review were effectively
substantiated as the research led to majorly similar findings. The initial findings suggested that
majority of the respondents that participated in the study were highly unhealthy and obese and
rest were overweight. It was observed that the major reason why the people from the BANE
community were obese was attributed to the factor that they consume highly unhealthy food and
also are not involved in any physical activity and effective workout and the persistence of stress.
All the people had the intention to get in better shape which shows that there is willingness in the
people as the final outcome seemed attractive to them. It was also noted that if one of the family
members of the community was obese, it empowered the other members to not undergo the same
and motivated them to stay healthy. It was also observed that majority of the people from the
BANE age group consumed at least one meal per day from outside or can be also termed as
regular consumption of unhealthy or junk food. The consumption of unhealthy diet in the
community can be attributed as the major reason of development of this issue as junk food has
zero nutrition and decreased human body capacity. A lack of willpower was seen in various
respondents which was attributed to one of the factors in people not consuming home-based
healthy food and going out for daily workouts. Majority of the respondents felt a lack of
35

confidence that they face in getting the right body shape and that their body structure was the
reason for lack of exercise, incapability and laziness. However, a major inconsistency was noted
in the health literacy and awareness of good eating habits and diet and regular exercise for
improvement of overall health and reducing obesity by the BANE age group people. This
outcome in the fact that the government needs to implement their health promotion strategies
more effectively and promote healthy weight by engaging people from the BANE community
and educating them regarding health based best practices (Sharif, 2019).
5.2 Conclusions
It can be concluded from the above research that controlling obesity is a major need in
the BANE community as the obesity is rising very high and rapidly in the black Asian minority
ethnic due to their diet and food habits, eating junk foods and lots of other things which are
influencing the obesity. Culture is one of the major factors which helps in increasing obesity
within the adult’s group of 25 to 55. It was also noted that there have been evidences of
increasing health issues and people are getting lazy and not working out which are increasing
day by day in their health and mental health also. BANE adult group was also suggested to be
more focussed toward meeting the first level of needs which are physical needs and can be a
major cause for living an unhealthy life. From the primary result, it can be concluded that BANE
community is affected by obesity in great depth as it frequently consumes unhealthy for, shows a
lack of will power, low confidence, and not undertaking physical activities. However, they agree
that change is needed and relevant health promotion strategies can help them out.
5.3 Recommendations
The strategies should be made in order to improve the health of the BANE community
people who are dealing with high obesity levels, consume unhealthy food on a regular basis and
low a persistent lack of willingness and inability to undertake physical initiatives. In order to
improve the nutritional value among the community, all vending machines and outlets should be
made available with healthy snacks instead of high sugar-based snacks by the UK government.
Workplaces and institutions should promote the use of healthy items in the canteens. The
Government and Food standard Agency should collaborate with companies to wase the food
labelling for general population. All the workplaces should also promote physical activities
36

through employee engagement programs and conduct them daily before the work begins. For
obesity management, physicians have to maintain such databases of people who are at risk and
receive the required treatments. Government needs to prove enough funds to NHS for
establishment of an obesity clinic and expand the clinical processes in both primary and
secondary areas. Government should also initiate health education campaigns particularly for
dealing with obesity.
5.4 Summary of the chapter
The entire sections can be summarised into the findings that were interpreted from the
findings from both primary and secondary researches and it was concluded that the people aged
from 25 to 55 years in the Black Asian minority ethnic group of people tend to suffer from high
levels of obesity and have a habit of consuming huge amounts of unhealthy food on regular
basis. The discussion sections highlighted the main view points from the literature review like
cultural barriers and high demand for physical needs by the community. Recommendations were
drawn to reduce the obesity level like health promotion strategies, collaboration of workplaces
and Government agencies to inculcate a healthy culture.
37

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39

Appendix
NAME:
ADDRESS:
CONTACT:
QUESTIONS
1. Do you consider yourself as?
 Underweight
 Normal weight
 Overweight
 Obese
2. What are the issues which is causing obesity in the people?
 Stress
 Unhealthy food diet
 No workouts
 Busy schedule
3. Do you want to get in better shape?
 Yes
 no
4. Is your family member being overweight and having issue of obesity? How does it make
you feel?
 Discourage (I feel I’m destined to end up overweight and unhealthy; so it keep me from
trying)
 Empowered (I don’t want to end up with their health problems; so, it motivates me try to
lose weight)
 Indifferent (it doesn’t really affect me one way or the other)
 My family member isn’t overweight?
5. On average how often do you eat out?
 Three meal a day
40

 Two meal a day
 One meal a day
 Few times a week
 Rarely or never
6. What keep you from eating well sometimes?
 Confidence of body
 Lack of willpower
 Commercial and billboard
 Friends
7. What are the challenges you face with your body?
 lazy all the time
 weakness
 health issues
 lack of confidence
 demotivation
8. What keeping you away from being physical active?
 confidence
 my body
 depression
 anxiety
9. Do you think working out can help in increasing the health better and reduce the obesity
issue in BAME?
 YES
 NO
41