Social Constructionism PDF
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Added on 2021-04-17
Social Constructionism PDF
Added on 2021-04-17
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Running head: REVIEW OF LITERATUREDomestic Violence on BAME community womenName of StudentName of UniversityAuthor Note
1REVIEW OF LITERATURETable of ContentsChapter 3: Review of the Literature............................................................................................2Background defining the causes of domestic violence on Black, Asian and minority ethnic(BAME) women in Coventry..........................................................................................................2Impact of domestic violence on the BAME women in Coventry....................................................4Situation of BAME women in the UK............................................................................................5Social constructionism theory of violence.......................................................................................6Themes in women’s gender roles...................................................................................................8Socio-ecological model explaining domestic violence....................................................................9Search strategy...............................................................................................................................11Chapter 4: analysis of the literature..........................................................................................11Domestic violence and its consequences on the larger society....................................................11Asylum seekers BAME women.....................................................................................................12Stoichiometric evaluation of the research problem.......................................................................13Mental and physical health of BAME women..............................................................................14Government initiatives for protection of BAME women..............................................................16Discussion of research gaps..........................................................................................................17Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................19References..................................................................................................................................20
2REVIEW OF LITERATUREChapter 3: Review of the LiteratureResearch AimThe aim of this research is to analyse the impact and prevalence of domestic violence amongstthe BAME women in the UK, particularly in Coventry, and to discover the support andintervention services that are currently existing in that area, as well as the issues that women mayface in accessing those services.Research ObjectiveThe literature reviews the impact of domestic violence on various social determinants of healthsuch as religion, language barrier, culture and social economic factor. Background defining the causes of domestic violence on Black, Asian andminority ethnic (BAME) women in Coventry The current chapter discusses the issue of domestic violence caused on black, Asian andethnic minority women in Coventry. There are a number of root causes which have contributedto the social degradation of the women residing in Coventry. As commented by Sandhu andStephenson (2015), domestic violence is both a cause and repercussion of gender inequalitieswithin the society. It stems from sexist, racist and other discriminatory attitude present within thesociety. As supported by Brahet al. (2015), the incidents of abuse in the ethnic minoritycommunity is compounded by the lack of sufficient help channels. Reports and evidences havefurther suggested that the women lie at the centre of physical, sexual, financial, psychologicaland emotional abuses (Sandhu et al. 2013). Some of these are experienced in the form of forced
3REVIEW OF LITERATUREmarriage, female genital mutilation and honour based violence. As mentioned by Brahet al.(2015), culture, language, family structure and racism are few of the factors which have a directrelation to the abuse faced by the BAME women. One of the root causes for the domesticviolence faced by the BAME women is due to the social inequality present within thecommunity. The BAME women suffer from disproportionate representation in low paid orinsecure employment. The inequalities could strongly be attributed to the cuts introduced by thegovernment, which could cost the residents of the Coventry region £112 million per year(Sandhu et al. 2013). The women in the Coventry region suffer from high unemployment ratesowing to a number of issues such as family, child care, language, community, societal barriers,racism and discrimination. The BAME women suffer due to lower rates of education suffer fromlanguage issues, which serves a major hindrance for them. This prevents them fromcommunicating with the concerned channels for help resulting in them being subjected to moreabuses. The culture and community paradoxes also serve as a major hindrance where the someof the women of Asian origin are restricted with regards to making their job preferences. Asmentioned by (Nightingale and Cromby 2017), women belonging to the black minority andethnic group are often discriminated based upon their skin colour. Most of the times, they have toface societal neglect and disregard owing to their skin colours. Additionally, the lack of stableand secure jobs makes them more prone to domestic abuses. The cuts on some of thegovernment features such as education maintenance allowance (EMA) has resulted in highereducation charges, which has lowered the number of higher education enrolments of the BAMEwomen living in the Coventry region. As mentioned by Brahet al. (2015), the lack of a strongsource of income or a financially stable condition has resulted in many women being subjectedto domestic violence. This is because under these conditions the women are dependable amongst
4REVIEW OF LITERATUREthe earning member of the family. On the contrary Muehlenhard and Kimes (2014), many ethnicand minority community women believe that going outside for work may disrupt their family lifeand put their children at higher risk of neglect. Reports and evidences have suggested that thewomen occasionally have to wait longer for getting enrolled in English for Speakers of otherlanguage (ESOL) courses. Panagarh is the specialist services, which provides support servicesfor BAME women who have suffered violence and abuse in Coventry lost £300k a year for theirrefugee provision to Leicester (Schneider 2016). This had a huge impact upon the staffing andservices available for BAME women living in Coventry. Additionally, Coventry rape and sexualabuse centre lost funding from the human rights commission, which leads to unsuccessful trialand prosecution of offenders. Hence, lack of sufficient education and economic facilities can bestated to be one of the root causes of distress for BAME women residing in Coventry.Impact of domestic violence on the BAME women in Coventry A lot of times women play the role of “shock-absorbers” in the family when faced withcrisis. They tend to manage a financial crisis by reducing the amount of supplies from their ownshare. The pressure of the family is directly taken out on women by the masculine figures of thefamily. This causes the practice of domestic violence as a direct result of budget reductions andthis becomes a norm in the BAME society (Sandhu Stephenson and Harrison 2013). The impactbeing reduced health due to physical or mental oppression as well as inability to have access toproper nutrition. The impact of domestic violence is not only physical injury but also impacts themental and physical well being of the BAME community women over long periods of time. Thepsychological effects of these violent actions lead to many mental illness like depression, anxietyand isolation. The result of domestic violence is that it leaves the affected women in a constantstate of fear, makes them prone to night terrors, sleeplessness chronic hypertension, post
5REVIEW OF LITERATUREtraumatic stress disorder and self harming conditions (Leeds.gov.UK. 2017). Many women areforced to run away from their homes and live in isolation due to domestic violence. Manywomen also are forced to quit their jobs, schools and colleges as a result of domestic violence(Hubbard Payton and Robinson 2013). Many families abuse the younger females as a part ofhonour violence, which occurs when the family members try to protect a perception of honourwith respect to their religious belief by seeking to behavioural control on the female members(Wiper 2012). This practice is mainly done on women when they fail to meet a certain culturalmoral or practice. Domestic violence is most prominent in women with ethnic background andimmigrant families who have a different perception of family expectations and gender rolebiasness, which is why if any of those expectations were not met, the abusers succumbed tophysical or mental abuse. Elderly women also directly influenced from the domestic violencedue to lack of financial support and their inability to physically provide labour. This impacts thedeath of elderly women in the BME community. Domestic violence is largely responsible forreducing the self-confidence of women and lowering their self esteem as well as induces andfalse sense of guilt for not being able to meet the expectation of their families. Eating disordersare also common in women of the BME community due the impact of domestic violence andleads to either malnutrition or obesity in the affected women. Women who have separated fromtheir abusive partner receive little or no help from their previous partners for raising the child orother responsibilities. Certain times these women are threatened using law enforcements by theirpartners to take away their child from the mothers (Thiara and Gill 2012).Situation of BAME women in the UK According to the statistics provided by the official website, Asian population comprisesof 16.3% of the total population after the 2011 census report. Black African population
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