Data Analysis and Design Analysis 2022

Running head: Date Analysis and Design
DATA ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

1Data Analysis and Design
Table of Contents
Context Diagram:.......................................................................................................................2
Level 1 Data Flow Diagram:......................................................................................................4
Level 2 Data Flow Diagram:......................................................................................................5
An entity-relationship model:....................................................................................................6
Data Dictionary:.........................................................................................................................8
Bibliography:............................................................................................................................12

2Data Analysis and Design
Context Diagram:
A context diagram provides overview of a system within one high-level process. This
diagram displays every relationship that is connected with the external entities. Another name
of context diagram is context-level data flow diagram. This diagram is very similar to the
level 0 data flow diagram. Due to its similarity, understanding the data flow diagram is
helpful to design a context diagram. This diagram is a graphical visualization of data flow
movement among the system and entities (Aleryani. 2016). This is one of the most important
components in system analysis and design method. This diagram has only four components.
Every process shown in circle, eternal entities is in rectangular shape. And the two-way
relationship lines. One diagram can provide many processes. But the context diagram only
provides a basic overview of a system. only level 0 process can be shown here. This diagram
is mostly used to design the system (Dennis, Wixom and Roth, 2018). this is the first step of
the designing process where the system is in under construction. Apart from system analysis,
this diagram can be used in other purposes such as explain the business process. It is not only
limited in system designing.
This diagram unable to provide information about sequencing, or timing. There are
many benefits of using a context diagram. This diagram can display the boundaries and scope
of a system. A non-technical person can understand about system process by reviewing this
diagram. It is very easy to draw because this diagram uses limited notation. As per the user
requirement, any person can easily expand its feature by adding external entities and
establishing a relationship. This is one of the most helpful diagrams for business
stakeholders, data analysts and business analysts because every person does not have
technical knowledge.

3Data Analysis and Design
Figure 1: Context diagram of Library +
(Source: Created by Author)
Figure 1 diagram is the context diagram of library system of Leeds City College.
Total four entities interacting with the system. An enrolled student can book a book by using
this system. A student needs to provide their all details to get a book. This system can provide
a book after verifying the student that they are eligible or not. A librarian can perform many
tasks in this system. They can check and modify the book return date, also check
bookshelves. As per the student requirement, this system can find the book and deliver to the
student. A student or author is the borrower in this system. Another process is fine. System
can check every book detail and display the fine amount to the student.
Level 1 Data Flow Diagram:
As described in the previous section, the context diagram only provides an overview
of a system and display one single process but a level 1 diagram can show every subprocess

4Data Analysis and Design
of this system (Aleryani. 2016). A level one diagram is the enhanced version of a context
diagram.
Figure 2: Level 1 DFD of Library +
(Source: Created by Author)
Notice that many external entities are included in this system. now registration
process is added in this diagram. Every student needs to register first to use the system. When
they enrol a course, they will automatically be registered in this system. Student need to
provide their credentials and every credential will store in the database. After registration, a
student can reserve a book. Librarians classify books and use stamp. Every information store
in the university database. with the help of this system, publishers can set their book

5Data Analysis and Design
availability and price. After using a book student can return a book by using a return book
subsystem.
Level 2 Data Flow Diagram:
Level 2 data flow diagram produces more details than level one diagram. This
diagram is based on the figure 2 level one diagram (Aleryani. 2016). This diagram can be
used to record or plan the selected system functionality.
Figure 3: Level 2 DFD of Library +
(Source: Created by Author)
Above level 3 diagram can provide the detailed information about this system. every system
is divided into several subsystems. Now a verification process is added in this system. after
the registration request, this system can verify first, they are the legitimate student not. This

6Data Analysis and Design
system can get every student information from the student database. After verification, a
student can log into the system. after login, they are able to perform many tasks. One of them
is the sear book. With the help of the DD number, they can find books. Every book
information is store in the book information database. with the help of tutors, a student can
pursue summer loans. Summer loan system can check student database to get their
information. More than one year of experienced students are eligible for this loan. Now
return book system have another subsystem named checking time. This subsystem can check
the rerun time of a book. If a student misses their due time, this system can generate a fine.
Like level 1 diagram. This diagram also contains library assistance and publishers. With the
help of the library, assistant publishers set the price and availability of the book. Every
information of book is store in the book information database.
An entity-relationship model:
An ERM can provide the different entities and create relationships among them. This
model can be created to identify the business needs. This is one type of abstract data model
that can define every data which can be applied in the database (Frantiska. 2018). It unable to
provide business process but it can represent the business data into visual form.

7Data Analysis and Design
Figure 4: ERM of Library +
(Source: Created by Author)
This is the ERM of this system. every entity is important in this system to record
every essential data. publisher table contains every information of publishers. Book table can
hold every information books. With the help of this table, this system can get every
information on book that is present in the college. Author table holds every information of
authors. Author_order_book table can be used to store authors details who reserve a book.
Book ticket is one of the essential entities in this diagram. This entity can store specific book
and author information. student_order_book can store specific information of students who
reserve a book. Borrower entity can store every information of student and tutor table

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contains tutor information. Every entity is interrelated with each other. College can get every
essential information by using this ERM.
Data Dictionary:
Publisher Entity:
COLUMN NAME DATA TYPE SIZE KEYS
PUBLISHER_NO VARCHAR 10 PRIMARY
KEY
PLACE_OF_PUBLICATION VARCHAR 30
DATE_OF_PUBLICATION DATE
Book Entity:
COLUMN NAME DATA TYPE SIZE KEYS
BOOK_NO VARCHAR 10 PRIMARY
KEY
AUTHOR_ID VARCHAR 10 FOREIGN
KEY
PUBLISHER_NO VARCHAR 10 FOREIGN
KEY
Author Entity:
COLUMN NAME DATA TYPE SIZE KEYS

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AUTHOR_ID VARCHAR 10 PRIMARY
KEY
NAME VARCHAR 30
CONTACT_NUMBER NUMBER
ADDRESS VARCHAR 50
AUTHOR_ORDER_BOOK Entity:
COLUMN NAME DATA TYPE SIZE KEYS
BOOK_NO VARCHAR 10 PRIMARY
KEY,
FOREIGN
KEY
EDITION VARCHAR 10
AUTHOR VARCHAR 10 FOREIGN
KEY
TITLE VARCHAR 30
Book_Ticket Entity:
COLUMN NAME DATA TYPE SIZE KEYS
BOOK_NO VARCHAR 10 PRIMARY
KEY,
FOREIGN
KEY

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AUTHOR_ID VARCHAR 10 FOREIGN
KEY
TITLE VARCHAR 20
Student_order_Book Entity:
COLUMN NAME DATA TYPE SIZE KEYS
BOOK_NO VARCHAR 10 PRIMARY
KEY,
FOREIGN
KEY
S_ID VARCHAR 10 FOREIGN
KEY
DD_NO DECIMAL UNIQUE KEY
EDITION VARCHAR 10
TITLE VARCHAR 20
ISBN VARCHAR 20
Borrower Entity:
COLUMN NAME DATA TYPE SIZE KEYS
S_ID VARCHAR 10 PRIMARY
KEY
NAME VARCHAR 10
ADDRESS VARCHAR 20

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COURSE VARCHAR 20
TUTOR ENTITY:
COLUMN NAME DATA TYPE SIZE KEYS
TUTOR_ID VARCHAR 10 PRIMARY
KEY
NAME VARCHAR 50
ADDRESS VARCHAR 50

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Bibliography:
Aleryani, A., 2016. Comparative Study between Data Flow Diagram and Use Case
Diagram. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 6(3), pp.124-126.
Frantiska, J., 2018. Entity-relationship diagrams. In Visualization Tools for Learning
Environment Development (pp. 21-30). Springer, Cham.
Dennis, A., Wixom, B.H. and Roth, R.M., 2018. Systems analysis and design. John wiley &
sons.
Rajaraman, V., 2018. Analysis and design of information systems. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd..
Moran, B.B. and Morner, C.J., 2017. Library and information center management. ABC-
CLIO.
Shen, Z., 2018. Database Programming Project Proposals.
Teixeira, L., Xambre, A.R., Figueiredo, J. and Alvelos, H., 2016. Analysis and Design of a
Project Management Information System: practical case in a consulting company. Procedia
Computer Science, 100(100), pp.171-178.
Hu, M., Cleland, S. and Burt, S., 2019, October. Build up a Constructivist Learning
Environment for Teaching First-year Students Data Flow Diagrams. In 2019 IEEE Frontiers
in Education Conference (FIE) (pp. 1-8). IEEE.