Database Systems: Normalization, ERD, Hierarchical vs Relational DBMS

Running head: DATABASE SYSTEMS
DATABASE SYSTEMS
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Name of the University
Author Note

Table of Contents
Concept of Normalization................................................................................................................2
Normal Forms..................................................................................................................................2
Data and Functional dependencies..................................................................................................3
Data dependency..........................................................................................................................3
Functional dependency................................................................................................................3
Comparison Hierarchical and Relational Database Management System.....................................4
Use of Entity Relationship Diagrams..............................................................................................5
References........................................................................................................................................6

Concept of Normalization
The data storage is important for any business to improve their processes. The data can be
stored in a structural way. Illogically and inconsistently stored data can cause multiple problems
for the business. Arranging the data in a logical and normalized structure is called Data
Normalization Process. Relational Database Management System, uses the normalization to store
data in a designed structure (Eessaar 2016). The data is organized efficiently in the database
where the main objective of the structuring is the eliminating the redundant data and sorting the
data dependencies. Elimination of the redundant data reduces the repeatability of the data in the
database and saves space. On other hand, the data dependencies means the relation between the
data so the links can be used to identify any data in the vast database. The non key attributes in
the tables depends on the key attribute of the table. The primary key is used in order to create an
efficient relationship between the data and tables.
Normal Forms
The Normalization is a long process of the design where the multiple form of the
normalization is achieved step by step. The normalization reduces the data redundancy,
complexity and increases the data integrity and efficiency in the system. The different normal
forms are mentioned and explained below:
i. First normal form: The first normal form states that there should be only single value
for each attributes. Each tuple should be unique. Keys are used to identify each tuple
uniquely in a table.
ii. Second Normal form: The second normal states that the table should be in first normal
form and all non-key attributes of the table should be fully functionally dependent on the
key attribute of the table.