Deceased Donation Process in UAE

Running head: DECEASED DONATION PROCESS IN UAE
Mapping the Current Deceased Donation Process in UAE
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author note

2DECEASED DONATION PROCESS IN UAE
Abstract
Organ donation of UAE is facing a procedural deficiency causing very limited number of
potential donors and very limited number of accomplished organ donation activities. The aim
of this study is to critically analyse the current deceased organ donation model including
regulations and practice of UAE while comparing it with the Spanish organ donation model
in order find scope of improvement in UAE. The data collection procedure is based on
secondary data collection through using literature review. For collecting data about organ
transplantation regulations and procedures government websites, previous research articles,
journals, reports of organ donation regulations have been considered. In this study the data
analysis process will be based on conceptual framework design. The conceptual design used
in this research has also a flow of operation to include the phase wise organ donation and
transplantation procedures accurately. From the study it has been found that there are many
factors such as lack of funding and poor information integration within the organ donation
governing authority that contribute to major limitations resulting inefficient organ donation
procedure of UAE and extremely minimum number of potential organ donor.

3DECEASED DONATION PROCESS IN UAE
Table of Content
Chapter1: Introduction...............................................................................................................5
1.1 Background......................................................................................................................5
1.2 Statement of Problem.......................................................................................................6
1.3 Purpose of Research.........................................................................................................6
1.4 Research Objectives.........................................................................................................6
Chapter2: Literature Review......................................................................................................7
2.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................7
2.2 Conceptual Framework for Literature Review................................................................8
2.3 Roles and Responsibility of Transplant Coordinator.......................................................8
2.4 Identification and Referral process of Organ Donation in Middle East...........................9
2.5 Donation procedure in Middle East...............................................................................10
2.6 Identification and Referral process of Organ Donation in Spanish Model....................11
2.7 Transplantation procedures in Spanish Model...............................................................11
2.8 Summary........................................................................................................................13
Chapter 3: Methodology..........................................................................................................13
3.1 Research Design.............................................................................................................13
3.4 Data collection procedures.............................................................................................14
3.5 Data analysis procedures................................................................................................14
Chapter 4 Analysis and Results................................................................................................15
4.1 Decease donation map for UAE.....................................................................................15

4DECEASED DONATION PROCESS IN UAE
4.3 Decease donation map for Spanish model.....................................................................16
4.4 Gap analysis between the Spanish model and the UAE program..................................17
4.5 Best practice to improve the organ donation procedure.................................................20
Chapter 5: Conclusion..............................................................................................................22
5.1 Discussion......................................................................................................................22
5.2 Limitation.......................................................................................................................22
5.3 Further Research............................................................................................................23
References................................................................................................................................24

5DECEASED DONATION PROCESS IN UAE
Chapter1: Introduction
1.1 Background
The organ donation is a process of giving an organ to someone to save his or her life through
organ transplant process. Deceased Organ Donation implies the process of donating organ
after physiological death or brain death. In Deceased Organ Donation process the donors can
donate essential organs of his or her body such as liver, kidney, intestines, heart and pancreas.
In United Arab Imarets, the first organ transplant was executed in Dubai where a female
patient with kidney failure received a kidney from a deceased donor form Saudi Arabia. The
woman was suffering from diabetes and resulted kidney failure and the transplantation gave
her a new life on 2007(Dalal 2015). The process of organ donation is a multidisciplinary and
collaborative practice between several different hospitals. Apart from the essential organ
donation hand and face transplant can be also performed. Fist hand and face transplantation
were performed between 2005 and 2007 in United State of America.
The process of organ donation must comply with legal procedures before final transplantation
and in most of the countries across the world selling an organ is completely illegal and
punishable offence. A large number of illegal organ transplantations are perfumed through
illegal selling method and most of the people who sell their organs belong to below poverty
line. The UAE allows organ donation from both living and deceased donors according to the
Federal Decree Law No 5 of 2016 on Regulation of Human Organ and Tissue
Transplantation. According to Federal Low No 51 of 2006 on Combating Human Trafficking
Crimes, trafficking or selling organs is a highly punishable offence in UAE. In UAE, the
organ donation framework is regulated by the Ministry of Health and Prevention (Janahi et al.
2014). In 2018, the Ministry of Health and Prevention controlled the organ donation related

6DECEASED DONATION PROCESS IN UAE
illegal practices by allowing only 4 hospitals for human organ and tissue transplantation
through special licence.
1.2 Statement of Problem
Organ donation is a new problem in UAE (United Arab of Emirates). Worldwide, there are
135,860 thousands of people are in waiting list for organ donation procedures, whereas the
scenario of UAE is exactly opposite. In UAE because of lack of donors, Ministry of Health
and Prevention of UAE is planning to start a new electrical application system named “life”,
where to donate organ people can apply through online portal and smartphone application
(Janahi et al. 2014). According to the regulatory compliance even non-emeriti donors can
donate organs to an emeriti receiver. However, instead of all of this the number of donating
application is extremely low in UAE. A major reason behind this lack of donor is prolonged
organ donation regulatory procedures in UAE. The model of deceased donation procedure in
UAE lacks some systematic efficiency that should be improved to increase the number of
interested donors from both national and international background.
1.3 Purpose of Research
Improving a complex and systematic model under direct regulatory authority of national
government needs strong and critical evidences of assessment including scopes of
improvement. It can be done through comparing the deceased organ donation model with
other efficient organ donation model from any other country. The purpose of this study is to
critically analyse the current deceased organ donation model including regulations and
practice of UAE while comparing it with the Spanish organ donation model in order find
scope of improvement in UAE.

7DECEASED DONATION PROCESS IN UAE
1.4 Research Objectives
1. Map the deceased donation practice in UAE including:
a. Potential or eligible Donor identifications
b. The relation between different sectors and the factors that affect the donation
process in UAE
c. Transplant coordinator role throughout the donation process from detection,
evaluation, maintenance, family approach, organ allocation, and retrieval.
2. Identify the barriers in the organ donation process in the UAE.
3. Identify the best evidence-based practice to improve the organ donation process in the
UAE
Chapter2: Literature Review
2.1 Introduction
The purpose of this literature review is to collect secondary data about organ donation
regulatory procedures for both United Arab Emirates and Spain. For the data collection the
government websites, previous research articles, journals, reports of organ donation
regulations have been considered. Literature review can be done through many techniques
such as systematic approach, narrative literature review and thematic literature review. For
the data presentation in this literature review the thematic literature review has been used.
The themes has been chosen by selecting the major attributes of organ donation procedures
that include roles and responsibilities of Transplant Coordinator, identification and referral
process of donor in UAE, transplantation compliances in UAE, identification and referral

8DECEASED DONATION PROCESS IN UAE
Roles of transplant
CoordinatorDonor
Identification
process in UAE
Transplantation
Regulation in UAE
Deceased Organ
Donation in UAE
Transplantation
Regulation in Spain
Donor
Identification
process in Spain Deceased Organ
Donation in Spain
DCD/DBD
donation procedure
process of donor in Spain and transplantation compliances in UAE. The aim of this literature
review is to identify the donation procedures for both countries in order to find the major
components in organ donation model.
2.2 Conceptual Framework for Literature Review
In the following framework the concept of selecting the thematic component has been
presented. Each component of this framework contributes to collect data for developing the
organ donation map for UAE and Spain.
2.3 Roles and Responsibility of Transplant Coordinator
The Transplant Coordinator is a responsible for entire organ donation and transplantation
procedures that requires coordination of evaluation and preparation of patients for organ
transplantation, health management of patients before, during and after the transplantation
procedure. Most of the time the transplant coordinator has bachelor’s degree nursing,
physiology and other associated medical science. It is the responsibility of the transplant
coordinator to ensure the quality of the transplant and associated medical services while

9DECEASED DONATION PROCESS IN UAE
keeping the patients and patient parties informed about every stages, procedures and
requirements for transplantation. For this the transplant coordinator has to take interview of
the patients as well as the patients’ family members multiple times. Transplant Coordinator
also has responsibility to educate the patient as well as family members regarding the
transplantation procedures, precautions and post discharge clinical management that the
patient need to follow after transplantation. Transplant Coordinator needs to contact with the
donor and responsible personnel associated with post deceased donor identification medical
procedures regarding clinical data matching such as blood group, functionality of organ,
fitness of patent and other related factors.
2.4 Identification and Referral process of Organ Donation in Middle East
The identification and referral process indicates the process of identifying the possible
deceased organ donor through proper regulatory compliances. The regulatory compliances
include some basic eligibility criteria that should be obliged in order to be identified as a
potential organ donor. In UAE both Decree Laws and Federal Law prohibit the selling of
human organs and tissues in any way for the purpose of transplantation and the laws also
bans the unlicensed advertisement in any media for human organ, tissue and body parts
transplantations. In UAE any person can donate his or her organ through applying for
Deceased Organ Donation procedure. In UAE, there is no eligibility for age or nationality for
becoming a donor or recipient for an organ donation (Dha.gov.ae, 2018). Ministry of Health
and Prevention of UAE has a national donors’ registry where based on the criteria the name
of the potential donor should be registered. For donation confirmation from other parties is
required, where the donor is unable to state his or her willingness to donate organ. If relatives
refuses to donate organs of a particular person, he or she cannot be identified or referred as
potential donor under the ‘permission of relatives’ obligation (Janahi et al. 2014).

10DECEASED DONATION PROCESS IN UAE
Furthermore, as per the regulation expressed intent of deceased person cannot be donor. If the
judicial officer or coroner refuses for forensic inspection reasons the deceased person cannot
be identified or referred as potential donor.
2.5 Donation procedure in Middle East
After identification of potential donor through permission and other paper work the clinical
fitness assessment procedure begins based on some clinical eligibility criteria. In UAE the
transplantation procedure is entirely based on brain death and the transplantation consists of 2
major phase namely clinical eligibility assessment after Brain Death and Transplantation. In
case of recovery procedure after brain death the transplantation situation is called Donation
after Brain-death or DBD. For case of DBD the person whose organ is to be recovered must
fulfil all the brain death criteria. To be a clinically eligible DBD donor the person must be
medically suitable for organ donation and must be declared as dead based on neurologic
criteria (Dha.gov.ae 2018). After that in transplantation phase the operative inclusion is made
with the proper medical facilities and provisions for organ recovery. In case of damage
during recovery or in case of anatomical, histological or functional abnormalities or
inadequate perfusion of organ or organ thrombosis during recovery operation the
transplantation process is terminated after recovery stage (Janahi et al. 2014). UAE has four
licenced medical facilities or hospitals for organ transplantation namely Sheikh Khalifa
Medical City (SKMC), City Medical Clinic (Dubai Healthcare City), Cleveland Clinic
Hospital and Al Jalila Specialist Hospital for Children. After successful recovery the DCD
donor is addressed as utilised DCD donor (Purushothaman et al. 2019).
2.6 Donation after Circulatory Death

11DECEASED DONATION PROCESS IN UAE
Donation after Circulatory Death is not considered in regulatory procedure of deceased organ
donation method in both UAE and Spain. However, donation procedure is entirely depends
on Donation after Circulatory Death (DCD) (Schneider Kayasseh 2014). It consists of several
regulatory conditions. As per the organ donation regulation of Donation after Circulatory
Death, a person, whose circulatory and respiratory function have ceased and resuscitative
measure cannot be continued can be considered potential DCD donor. Otherwise, the person
whose cessation of circulatory and respiratory functions are occurred within a time frame that
will enable organ recovery can be considered as DCD donor. Apart from that, the person
should be medically suitable person and declared dead based on the irreversible absence of
circulatory and respiratory functions. The rest of the regulatory procedure are similar in both
DCD and DBD recovery and transplantation operations.
2.7 Identification and Referral process of Organ Donation in Spanish Model
The identification of potential donor in Spain is been regulated by The Organisation National
de Transplants or ONT, which was created by Spanish Department of Health in 1989. This
regulatory body is the ultimate regulatory authority for every phase of organ donation and
transplantation procedure in Spain (Ríos et al. 2015). For identification of potential organ
donor, especially in case of deceased organ donation ONT has a set of non-clinical eligibility
criteria. The Spanish Department of Health implement a flexible potential donor
identification management system which is integrated with the core ONT donation
management team that consists of a set of specialist doctors, physiologists, general physician
and higher level nursing personnel (Matesanz et al. 2017). In ONT regulate transplantation
model a person can be considered potential donor if he or she registered in the ONT by
himself or herself. Most of the time the registration procedure is also initiated by ONT
through taking consent from the family members. Through national transplant coordinating

12DECEASED DONATION PROCESS IN UAE
network the data has been managed for potential donors for further evaluation of eligibility.
In Spanish the organ donation cycle starts from two way model, where at one point the
patient’s medical data who is potential receiver is stored and managed and at another point
the data of potential donors has been gathered and evaluated (Febrero et al. 2014). After
registering into ONT potential donor list the data of the specific donors managed in organ
sharing and management waiting list on which the statistical calculation and analysis method
is conducted for aligning the available donor with potential receivers.
2.8 Transplantation procedures in Spanish Model
The organ transplantation process in Spain is integrated with Organ Transplantation
Management Team under the regulatory control of ONT. The transplantation process is a two
way process where the data of potential donors and potential receivers are managed on organ
transplantation database. According to the regulatory compliance controlled by The
Organisation National de Transplants or ONT, the base clinical criteria for potential donor is
that he person should be medically suitable person and declared as brain death based on the
neurologic condition assessment report. If a person’s circulatory
and respiratory functions are stable and the person’s neurologic condition satisfies
neurologic criteria as stipulated by the law of the relevant jurisdiction, the organ recovery
procedure can be initiated (Ríos et al. 215). In organ recovery phase the operative inclusion is
made with the proper medical facilities and provisions for organ recovery. However, in case
of serology positive, neoplasia, Haemodynamic instability the recovery procedure is
postponed. Apart from that anatomical, histological, functional abnormalities in target organ
can also terminate the organ recovery procedure. During recovery operation if inadequate
perfusion, thrombosis are occurred the recovery process is terminated. On the other, after a
successful recovery of organ from donor’s body the organ is stored under the medical

13DECEASED DONATION PROCESS IN UAE
supervision of Transplantation Team (Febrero et al. 2014). After organ storing the organ
availability is updated with medical information of donor and organ in the transplantation
management database of Organ Transplantation Network.
The transplantation process is a two way process where the medical data of potential organ
receiver is stored in organ transplantation management database. The process of this
registration is imitated by the healthcare facility, when the patient has clinical disputes or
dysfunctional organ or organ failure. The organ Transplant Coordinator conducts a statistical
assessment on organ transplantation database to find available donor for the patient
(Domínguez-Gil et al 2017). After assessing the organ information with clinical specification
of potential receiver the organ is retrieved from organ storage for transplantation. In Spanish
organ donation and transplantation system the Transplantation Coordinators are allocated for
potential organ receivers for preparation, transplantation and post transplantation services.
2.8 Summary
From the above literature review it can be found that developing an effective and systematic
model under direct regulatory authority of national government for deceased organ donation
needs strong and critical evidences of assessment including scopes of improvement. It has
been also found that the transplantation procedure for after circulatory death in UAE consists
1 major phase namely clinical eligibility assessment of Donation after Brain Death (DCD)
donor followed by transplantation procedure. In Spanish model of deceased organ donation a
person can be potential organ donor if neurologic conditions of brain death are satisfied. It
has been also found that in UAE, the organ storage system is not widely available. From the
literature on Spanish donation system it has been found that the Spanish organ donation
model is highly facilitated and funding by the healthcare management authority. The organ
transplantation system in UAE is governed by Ministry of Health with Decree Laws and

14DECEASED DONATION PROCESS IN UAE
Federal Law and on the other hand the organ transplantation system is governed by The
Organisation National de Transplants or ONT.
Chapter 3: Methodology
3.1 Research Design
As per the purpose of this study the aim of this method is to collect data about the deceased
organ donation procedures for conceptual comparison between two organ donation models.
Therefore, the study is aimed at interpreting the collected data through literature review.
Therefore, this exploratory research uses an interpretivism philosophy to choose appropriate
research design for it. It should be also considered that this research does not has any pre-
determined assumption or hypothesis regarding the superiority of Spanish model or UAE
model for deceased organ donation (Bengtsson 2016). For this reason, the inductive research
approach has been used to frame the research design. The research design used for this
research is conceptual designing or conceptual framework based method. The conceptual
design is an analytical tool with several and interconnected variables and context (Hartley
2014). In this study, the conceptual design has been made with the help of data found through
secondary data collection.
3.4 Data collection procedures
The data collection procedure implies the method of collecting data for conducting further
analysis. The data collection procedure is based on secondary data collection through using
literature review. To make the secondary review process structured and hierarchy based the
thematic review format has been used in the literature review (Bengtsson 2016). The
literature review of this study is segregated into two sections namely data collection for the
organ donation model of UAE and the data collection for the organ donation model of Spain.

15DECEASED DONATION PROCESS IN UAE
For collecting data about organ transplantation regulations and procedures of UAE
government websites, previous research articles, journals, reports of organ donation
regulations have been considered. Most of the data regarding organ donation and
transplantation procedure have been gathered from government websites. For collecting data
about organ donation and transplantation regulations and procedures of Spanish model
previous research articles, journals, reports of organ donation regulations, government
websites have been considered. However, in this case, the resources are mainly previous
research articles on Spanish donation and organ transplantation strategies.
3.5 Data analysis procedures
The data collected from the literature review is non-numeric. Therefore, a qualitative data
analysis method has been chosen for this research. There are many data analysis model can
be used in qualitative method such as thematic coding, conceptual framework, grounded
theory and others. In this study the data analysis process will be based on conceptual
framework design. The conceptual design used in this research has also a flow of operation to
include the phase wise organ donation and transplantation procedures accurately (Hartley
2014). Particular for this study the designing is based on the donation regulatory
compliances, regulatory procedures and practices. In this research the donation process has
been mapped for both UAE and Spanish model. After the development of two conceptual
flow map with proper flow of procedures the visual comparison has been done between the
Spanish and UAE organ donation system. After that the comparison has been done to find out
boundaries and gaps. Based on these gapes the further improvement scopes for UAE model
have been implicated.

16DECEASED DONATION PROCESS IN UAE
Identification of Potential Organ Donor for Deceased Organ Donation
Clinical Eligibility Evaluation
Organ Recovery from Organ Donor
Collaboration within
Potential Receiver and donor
Transplantation
Application for Organ
Receiving
Registration of donor by donor
Consent of the family members
No judicial officer or coroner interference
Fulfilling brain death criteria
based on neurologic condition
Donation after Brain Death
(DBD)
Matching clinical measures
between receiver and donor
Serology positive, neoplasia, Haemodynamic
instability, unanticipated cardiac arrest are not
occurred
Anatomical, histological, functional
abnormalities, are not present
No Damage, inadequate perfusion, thrombosis
occurred
Patients with clinical disputes
or dysfunctional organ or
organ failure
Chapter 4 Analysis and Results
4.1 Decease donation map for UAE

17DECEASED DONATION PROCESS IN UAE
Identification of Potential
Organ Donor
Clinical Eligibility Evaluation
Organ Recovery from Organ
Donor
Transplantation
Registration in Receiver
List
Organ Transplantation
Network
ONT
Transplantation
Team
Transplantation
Coordinator
Potential Organ Receiver
Organ Storage
Organ Availability Check
Taking consent from family
members by hospital
No judicial officer or coroner
interference
Fulfilling brain death criteria
based on neurologic
condition
Serology positive, neoplasia,
Haemodynamic instability,
unanticipated cardiac arrest are
not occurred
Anatomical, histological,
functional abnormalities, are not
present
No Damage, inadequate
perfusion, thrombosis occurred
Storing Recovered Organ
Availability update in
transplantation
management database
Patients with clinical
disputes or dysfunctional
organ or organ failure
Registration in
transplantation
management database
Statistical assessment of
transplantation management
database
Matching clinical measures
between receiver and donor
4.3 Decease donation map for Spanish model
4.4 Gap analysis between the Spanish model and the UAE program

18DECEASED DONATION PROCESS IN UAE
From the above conceptual design of organ donation procedures for deceased organ donation
in both UAE and Spain several structural differences have been found. The major differences
that can be found form those donation process structure are:
 Initiation of donating procedure: In Spanish model the initiation process of registration as
a potential donor starts by healthcare facility and healthcare authority. However, in UAE
the registration procedure initiates by the potential donor or family members. Similarly
for potential receiver, in Spanish model the registration initiates instantly after detecting
organ disputes or failure. However, in UAE it is the responsibility of the patient party to
register as a potential receiver.
 Integration of donor and receiver information: In Spanish model the entire organ
donation and transplantation method is integrated with the core organ transplantation
network. The data from both potential donors and potential receivers is stored and
managed in Transplantation Database by transplantation management team. However, in
UAE there is no information integration or data management monitored by ministry of
health.
 Involvement of Transplantation Coordinator: In Spanish organ donation and
transplantation the transplant coordinators have major roles and responsibilities regarding
managing the health of the patients or potential receivers as well as the family members.
However, in UAE the role of Transplantation Coordinator is absent in organ donation and
transplantation procedures
 Involvement of Transplantation team: In Spanish organ donation and transplantation the
transplant team or transplantation management team have major roles and responsibilities
regarding managing the eligibility assessment of potential donor as well as information
sharing to keep a proper coordination, synchronisation and systematic operation.

19DECEASED DONATION PROCESS IN UAE
However, in UAE the role of Transplantation Management Team is absent in organ
donation and transplantation procedures
 Organ Storage Facility: In Spain, after recovering the organ form the donor’s body the
organ is stored in an advanced organ storage facility while keeping the organ
transplantation database updated with new information of the organ and clinical
measures. From the above comparative analysis a large number of operational gaps can
be found. In UAE, the organ storage system is not widely available and therefore the
organ transplantation occurred within specific timeframe of recovery. For this reason the
organ recovery process occurs when the authority finds an available receiver.
Almost all the differences found in the above section can be considered as the major gaps in
organ donation and transplantation procedure of United Arab Emirates. These factors
contributes to major limitations in deceased organ donation procedure of UAE, causing
extremely minimum number of potential organ donor. From the literature review, some other
major gaps have been also found in UAE deceased organ donation system and those are
discussed in the following section.
The major gap is time differences in registration of potential organ donor and finding donor
for potential organ receiver. Due to lack of data integration, data sharing and management of
information regarding potential donor, organ specification and the potential receiver, the
entire donation and transplantation process is not synchronised or effective. Most of the time
the process takes extreme time. UAE does not have any national allocation system for
establishing interconnection between donors and receivers. Lack of communication is
contributing largely to poor deceased organ transplantation system of UAE
The organ donation initiation process takes huge amount of time in UAE, because the
initiation process starts only if the donor or the donor’s family members register the potential
donor for organ donation process. Due to lack of awareness regarding the essentiality of

20DECEASED DONATION PROCESS IN UAE
organ donation and entirely donor dependent registration procedure, donors and the family
members do not usually want to undergo through the registration procedure. For this same
reason the public awareness and society acceptance is very low.
Similar to the donors, for receivers the transplantation system of UAE does not have any
specific management team that can prepare a patient for donation aligning with the available
donated organ’s clinical specification. Lack of transplantation coordinator and transplantation
management team restricts the organ donation and transplantation system to be smooth and
error free. Lack of information management and clinical measures mismatch are causing graft
rejection or withdrawal symptoms in patients.
Lack of funding for transplantation facilitation can be also found in UAE. The fund yearly
allocated for transplantation operations and development is very limited to develop organ
storage facilities in UAE. Developing new roles such as transplantation monument team and
transplantation coordination also require adequate funding. Because of lack of funding these
healthcare human resource related development has not been done yet in UAE. There is no
financial support for the donor transfer process and donor family, which acts as a major
obstacle to the donors and family members.
4.5 Best practice to improve the organ donation procedure
From the above comparative analysis between the deceased organ donation model of UAE
and Spain it has been found that the existing model of UAE lacks major crucial factors that
also decreases its effectiveness. These are the recommendations that have been made for the
Spanish model to improve the deceased organ donation model of UAE.
The Ministry of Health and Prevention should develop a strong registration system for both
organ donors and receivers where the initiation process of registration as a potential donor or
a potential receiver starts by healthcare facility and healthcare authority.

21DECEASED DONATION PROCESS IN UAE
The Ministry of Health and Prevention of UAE should also change their Decree Laws and
Federal Law should change their clinical eligibility assessment model for deceased organ
donation by adopting Spanish strategy. For this, the ministry of health of UAE should adopt
the clinical eligibility criteria Donation for Donation after Brain Death (DBD) from Spanish
model where the clinical eligibility test will be less time consuming and more systematic. It
will reduces the unnecessary complexity and time consumption for eligibility assessment
while increasing the total number of potential donor.
The Ministry of Health and Prevention of UAE should enhance the information integration
and communication within potential organ donors and potential organ receivers by
developing the organ transplantation management network. This network should also
incorporate the organ transplantation management team for potential donor associated
operations and transplantation coordinators for potential receiver associated operations.
The Ministry of Health and Prevention of UAE should also facilitate an advanced organ
storage system where the donated organ will be stored for transplantation procedure. Along
with facilitation the Ministry of Health and Prevention of UAE should develop an organ
donation awareness activities that will include print media, satellite media and social media
based advertisement to promote the organ donation practice and its significance.
Adequate funding for transplantation facilitation should be the major concern for Ministry of
Health and Prevention of UAE. The fund yearly allocated for transplantation operations and
development should be increased to develop organ storage facilities, communication facilities
employing human resource for transplantation team in UAE. Developing new roles such as
transplantation monument team and transplantation coordination also require adequate
funding.

22DECEASED DONATION PROCESS IN UAE
Chapter 5: Conclusion
5.1 Discussion
From the above research it has been found that several structural differences in deceased
organ donation process can be identified easily between UAE and Spain. The major
differences are authority verses patient’s based Initiation of donating procedure, two verses
one Clinical Eligibility Criteria, Information integration with communication of donor and
receiver information, high verses absent involvement of Transplantation Coordinator, high
verses absent involvement of Transplantation Management Team, advanced verses absent
organ storage facility. Almost all the differences found in data analysis section can be
considered as the major gaps in organ donation and transplantation procedure of United Arab
Emirates. These factors along with lack of funding and facilitating from the ministry of
authority contribute to major limitations in deceased organ donation procedure of UAE,
causing extremely minimum number of potential organ donor. From the literature review,
some other major gaps have been also found in UAE deceased organ donation system and
those are discussed in the following section. It has been also found that lack of information
management and clinical measures mismatch are causing graft rejection or withdrawal
symptoms in patients. As a result, the organ donation and transplantation system of UAE has
accomplished very limited number of deceased organ donation and transplantation operation
where there are 135,860 thousands of people are in waiting list for organ donation
procedures.
5.2 Limitation
The major limitation of this study is that the study is entirely based in secondary data
collection that lacks the practicality and attainability. The literature review process used in

23DECEASED DONATION PROCESS IN UAE
this method is not systematic that causes lack of comparative analysis of argumentative
information. This study also lacks the analysis of connection between different sectors and
organ donation system in UAE.
5.3 Further Research
In further research, the systematic literature review with proper data extraction method will
be used. Apart from that, for data collection open ended interview process will be used for
primary data collection to increase its practicality and attainability.

24DECEASED DONATION PROCESS IN UAE
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