An Investigation into Depression in Men

This assignment involves a literature review on depression in men, exploring its causes, effects, and potential solutions. It recommends healthy eating habits and reduced alcohol consumption as measures to prevent depression in men. Additionally, the government is suggested to investigate the root cause of depression in men living in London Borough Hackney and develop effective policies to address it.

Research Proposal

Topic: Examine Depression Among Men (16-21) in the London Borough Hackney?
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
Introduction
Depression is defined as mental health disorder that is characterised through loss of the
interest in many activities, causing the significant impairments in the daily life. It is most
common and serious medical illness that impact negatively on human body. It causes feeling of
loss of interest in all activities (ALLBESON, 2012). It can lead to variety of the physical as well
as emotional issues and also can reduce ability of an individual to function at home and
workplace. Depression is illness that can impact how an individual feel, acts and thinks. As
comparison to women, depression in men is more, men do not like to arrive at doctors and
talking about depressed and feeling sad. In rare cases, they will mention any behavioural and
emotional complexities to the doctors. Mainly men seem to talk about their emotional issues in
context of stress than sadness.
Background
Depression refers to the mood disorder that can cause persistent loss of interest and
feelings of sadness. It develop negative impact on mind of people and many be need the long-
term treatment. Symptoms and Signs of depression are different in women and men. Men tend to
use the various coping skills both unhealthy and healthy. In depression situation, men feel tired,
have complexities in sleeping, feel sad and not get the pleasure from the activities which they
enjoyed (Brown and Fehrenbacher, 2013). London Borough Hackney is London Borough in
Inner London, United Kingdom. Administrative and historical heart of Hackney is Mare Street
that lies the 5 miles north-east of Charing Cross. In London Borough Hackney, there is a issue
of depression among the men whose age is between 16-21. It has been seen that among this age,
adults feel more depressed. Depression in men at early stage develop negative impact on their
mental and physical health. It often manifests as anger, abusive behaviour escaping behaviour
aggressive etc. The other escaping behaviour that has been noticed concern tendency of men
to become in form of extramarital affairs or series of brief, over sexually active and
emotionless sexual encounters.
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Rationale
This research is taken in to consideration on Examine Depression Among Men (16-21) in
the London Borough Hackney. It is helpful in gain the knowledge and aware about the issues
behind depression of men in London Borough Hackney. Learner conduct this investigation for
their self interests. On the other hand, the skills and knowledge of a learner will be enhanced
regarding the specific research area.
Literature search strategy
Search strategy refers to an organised structure of the key terms that is mainly used to
find database. Search strategy combines main key concepts of search questions in context to
retrieve accurate outcomes. Literature search is organised as well as considered search to find out
the key literature on topic (Georgiou, 2016). For conducting the literature review, there are many
different sources which can be used are books, articles, journals, internet sources etc.
Aim
The main aim of research is “ To Early screening for depression”. A study on London
Borough Hackney.
Objectives
 Why the increase?
 What policy available?
 Support system/method use?
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CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
Literature review refers to comprehensive summary of the past investigation on topic. It
surveys books, articles, journals and some of the other relevant sources to specific research area.
It should provide the theoretical base for investigation that aids researcher to identify nature of
investigation. The information collected in literature review part is through secondary sources.
Why the increase
On the basis of opinion of Nancy Schimelpfening (2019) it has been stated that
Depression is more complex disease. No person knowns about the cause of depression but this
can occur for the variety of reasons. Depression is mental health problem and it can be treated as
well as understood through using different ways. According to survey, in London Borough
Hackney, 5000 men are depressed under age group of 18 and 140,000 are depressed age between
18 to 35. There is a Bipolar disorder that is known as “manic depression”. It consists swings
among the mania and problematic depression. Around 2% of adult people screened the positive
bipolar disorder. As comparison to women, disorder rate in men is higher. For men, rare were
around 3% for the age groups among 16 to 44. There are different ways to enhance depression:
Conflicts- In men, depression can be biological vulnerability to develop the depression
that many be result from the personal disputes with friends or family members.
Brain Chemistry Imbalance- Depression is believed to be caused through imbalance in
neurotransmitters which are included in the mood regulations. These are mainly the chemical
substances which aids various area of brain communicate with the each other. When many
neurotransmitters are in the short supply then it may lead to symptoms recognise as the clinical
depression.
Drugs- Alcohol and drugs both can contribute towards depressive disorders. Mostly the
men are addicted to alcohol and it is a main cause of depression. Some of the prescription drugs
have been related to depression. Some drugs which have been found to be related with
depression consists stimulants, corticosteroids, beta- blockers, statins etc.
Physical Health issues- Poor diet can give contribution to the depression in many ways.
Mineral deficiencies and variety of vitamin are cause of the depression symptoms. On the other
hand, taking more sugar have been related with the depression.
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What policy available
As per view point of John S. Ogrodniczuk (2019) it has been stated that Depression is
one of leading causes of the disability in all over the world and it will be second largest cause of
the disability in London. Under this, there is a workplace policies which promote corporate
“culture of good health”.
 Policies which increase the worksite lifestyle programs like physical activities which
are better adjunct therapies in order to preventing and also treating the depression.
In this, health related policies as well as interventions are listed for physical activity
consists main lifestyle activities which are recommended to address the depression.
 Policies which explain the appropriate standard of conduct that can support the
better mental health
These policies can explain how the co-workers should be treat one other and also part of
the long training efforts in context to make improvement in employee and managers
understanding and the skills in conflict resolution, effective communication and problem solving.
Support system/method use
According to opinion of UHN STAFF (2019), it has been stated that Depression begins
after main trauma and life change. It is necessary for men to overcome from the depression and
make their livelihood better. There are different methods to reduce the depression mention
below:
Exercise- It provides range of the different health related advantages which consisting
prevent the depression. Low- intensity and high- intensity exercise is effective in this context.
High- intensity exercise release feel- good chemical and low- intensity exercise sustained over
specific time that aids in release the proteins known as neurotrophic factors that helps in improve
the brain function.
Avoid alcohol and drugs- There is close link among the depression, anxiety disorders
and alcohol and some of the other substance use disorders. For many men, moderate alcohol
consumption is not an issue but for men with the drug, alcohol and depression use can make
their symptoms worse.
Avoid stress- It is considered to be relationship among stress in life of person and anxiety
or depression. Stress develop negative impact on the life satisfaction, general and mental health.
There are many factors consisting education, relationships, work can cause stress. So, it is
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essential to addressing as well as managing them through stressful conditions in an effective
manner.
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CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY
Methodology is explained as systematic and theoretical analysis of methods are which
applied to area of study. It is comprises theoretical body of principles and methods which are
concerned with knowledge branch (Hooper, 2013). In order to explain the research methodology,
research onion is used with research onion framework that adopted from Saunders & Lewis.
Different factors included in Research Onion mention below:
Research Philosophy
It is explained as belief under which the data and information about phenomenon should
be gathered, analysed and then used. It is a specific method of developing the knowledge that
explains different philosophies. There are various kinds of research philosophies such as
interpretivism, positivism and pragmatist. Among all the research philosophies, pragmatist
research philosophy has been used because it is a combination of both research philosophy.
Research Approach
It is explained as procedure and plan that consists steps of the broader assumptions to
detailed methods of data collection, analysis and then interpretation. Different types of research
approaches are inductive and deductive. Among these research method, inductive research
approaches has been used because it is based on qualitative method and also provide the
theoretical information regarding specific subject area.
Research Strategy
It is related to selection of the appropriate research style that can be helpful in
determining data collection as well as analysing sources. For an investigation, case study
approach use with survey questionnaire (Turner, 2013). In this, questionnaire will be used for
collecting information or data and conducting an investigation in an effective or significant
manner.
Research Choice
It is necessary layer in research onion. It is mixed method that is use properly with use of
qualitative research approach and the quantitative research approach that taken as the different
research methods which applied in study that to be consistent with pragmatist research
philosophy (Wagg, 2016). In order to conduct this investigation, mixed research design has been
used in this study that is a combination of qualitative and quantitative strands.
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Time Horizon
This layer is related to the specific period of time that has to be taken in finish an
investigation. It consists two different kind of time horizon like cross- sectional and longitudinal.
Cross- sectional is mainly used for short period of time and longitudinal is used for long period
(White, 2014). Among these both time horizons, cross- sectional timing was use with
investigation that conducted over time period.
Data Collection
It refers to procedure of gathering information from all relevant sources for find the
answers to investigation related issues, test hypothesis and then evaluate outcomes. The data
collection methods are divided into two different parts one is primary and other is secondary
(Winter, 2013). In primary research method, data is collected fresh and different sources of
gathering data from primary methods are questionnaire, surveys, observations etc. On the other
hand, secondary methods has been in literature review part by using different sources such as
books, articles, journals, internet sources and many others. Under this, secondary method has
been used in collecting data in literature review part.
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CHAPTER 4: CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS AND
REFLECTION
Conclusion
From above discussion, it has been concluded that depression is a serious problem that
negatively impact on the mental and physical health of people. As comparison to women, men
has depression problem. In this report literature review is based on the set objectives to overcome
from arisen problems. There has been discussion about the causes and ways to get over from
depression issues. The research methodology has been used to gather data and information
related to particular research field.
Recommendations
Some of the recommendations related to Depression mention below:
 It is necessary that men should eat healthy and reduce the consumption of alcohol for
reduce risk of depression.
 The government should conduct the investigation about determine cause of depression to
Men in London Borough Hackney and develop effective policies to overcome from them.
Reflection
This research is based on the Early screening for depression. In collecting data and
information, I used the authentic sources. These are helpful in conducting an investigation in an
appropriate and effective manner. In conducting this investigation, there are some complexities
faced by me related to the time and cost. I do not have appropriate time to conduct an
investigation and it is a major concern. As I will arrange the activities on the basis of set period
of time and arrange funds according to activities.
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REFERENCES
Books & Journals
ALLBESON, T., 2012. Ruins, Reconstruction and Representation: Photography and the City in
Postwar Western Europe (1945-58) (Doctoral dissertation, Durham University).
Brown, R. M. and Fehrenbacher, D. E. Eds., 2013. Tradition, Conflict, and Modernization:
Perspectives on the American Revolution. Elsevier.
Georgiou, D., 2016. From the fringe of London to the heart of fairyland: Suburban community
leisure, voluntary action and identities in the Ilford Carnival, 1905-1914 (Doctoral
dissertation, Queen Mary University of London).
Hooper, C. A., 2013. Mothers surviving child sexual abuse. Routledge.
Turner, C., 2013. Unlocking torts. Routledge.
Wagg, S., 2016. The London Olympics of 2012: Politics, promises and legacy. Springer.
White, J., 2014. London in the First World War. Cahiers Bruxellois Brusselse Cahiers. 46(1E),
pp.139-157.
Winter, J., 2013. London's teeming streets, 1830-1914. Routledge.
Online
Ogrodniczuk, J., 2019. Men and depression. [Online]. Available through:
<https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3038800/>.
Schimelpfening, N., 2019. 9 Most Common Causes of Depression. [Online]. Available through:
<https://www.verywellmind.com/common-causes-of-depression-1066772>.
Staff, U., 2019. 8 Tips on How to Cure Depression. Available through:
<https://universityhealthnews.com/daily/depression/8-tips-on-how-to-cure-depression/
>.
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