Design and Build of Proposed Halls of Residence Project by L&D Contracting Company

Superstructure Category 1
Design and Build of Proposed Halls of Residence Project by L&D Contracting Company
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Superstructure Category 2
METHOD STATEMENT
The L&D Contracting Company known for its experience in Civil Engineering and Construction
projects is responsible for the design and construction of Hall of Residence for the University
campus to support its expansion and growth at a new location. The three major activities that will
be performed by the superstructure category during the design and construction of the Hall
Residence include pouring concrete, formwork for stair core and lift, and installation of the steel
frame. These activities are discussed below:
Pouring Concrete
Concrete is made by the bonding of coarse and fine aggregate together with a fluid cement that
hardens after sometimes. When the aggregate is mixed with water and dry Portland cement, the
resultant mixture is a fluid slurry that can be molded and poured into the required shape. The
production of concrete involves mixing the various ingredients namely cement, aggregates, and
water to produce concrete1. Once the concrete has been produced, the workers can then pour the
concrete in the required place before hardening. The workability of concrete is a significant
factor since it enables the fresh concrete mix to properly fill the mold or form with the desired
work during vibration, tamping, spreading, pumping, or pouring.
The workability of concrete is affected by cementitious age and content, aggregate size and
shape distribution, and water content. The process of pouring concrete during construction of
floor slab include formwork erection, reinforcement placement, pouring of concrete, finishing
and compacting concrete, and concrete work curing2. The formwork should be designed to
1 M. Juez, B. Cazacliu, A. Cothenet and R. Artoni, "Recycled concrete aggregate attrition
during mixing new concrete,"
Construction and Building Materials, vol. 116, pp. 299-309,
2016.
2 M. Maghrebi, A. Shamsoddini and T. Waller, "Fusion based learning approach for predicting
concrete pouring productivity based on construction and supply parameters,"
Construction
Innovation, vol. 16, pp. 185-202, 2016.

Superstructure Category 3
withstand construction loads such as weights of machines, operators, and fresh concrete pressure.
Different materials like aluminum, steel, and wood can be used for concrete floor slab
formworks.
Figure 1: Formwork of concrete floor slab3
The locations and dimensions of the concrete members should be checked and inspected to
confirm that they conform to the structural plans before the placement of concrete floor slab
reinforcement. The reinforcement details should be indicated in the design drawings as well as
required cutting length and designated bar size4. Handling, transporting, and mixing of concrete
should be coordinated properly with finishing and placing works. Concrete should be deposited
as close as possible to its final position to prevent segregation.
3 M. Daukšys, "Productivity analysis of concrete slab construction by using different types of
formwork,"
Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering, vol. 15, 2016.
4 O. Hussien, "Relation between slab thickness and dimensions of formwork,"
Structural
Concrete, vol. 20, pp. 32-37, 2018.

Superstructure Category 4
Figure 2: Concrete placement5
Concrete should also be adequately compacted to mold it within the forms and around the
reinforcements and embedded items and to remove entrapped air, honeycomb, and stone pockets.
External or internal vibration is used widely for consolidating concrete.
Figure 3: Vibrating and placing concrete6
An appropriate method should be used to adequately cure the concrete after the finishing process
is completed. These slab curing methods include mist spaying, ponding, flooding, and water
cure. Moisture and temperature are both significant factors in the proper drying of concrete. The
5 T. Yoshikane, H. Takada and S. Hatanaka, "Discussion on Minimum Slump at Concrete
Placement and on Quality Classification of Ready Mixed Concrete,"
Concrete Journal, vol. 51,
pp. 563-570, 2013.
6 J. Huang, P. Jianzhong, L. Yang, H. Yang and J. Zhang, "Investigation on aggregate particles
migration characteristics of porous asphalt concrete (PAC) during vibration compaction
process,"
Construction and Building Materials, vol. 243, p. 118, 2020.