Developing Individuals, Teams and Organizations - Assignment

DEVELOPING
INDIVIDUALS, TEAMS AND
ORGANIZATION

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................4
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................4
P1. a) Determine appropriate knowledge, skills and behaviors required by HR professionals...4
b) Personal skills audit for identifying training and development needs considering knowledge,
skills and behaviors......................................................................................................................6
P2. c) Professional development plan for HR Officer...............................................................10
P3. Analyze difference between organizational and individual learning; training and
development...............................................................................................................................11
P4. Analyze need for continuous learning and professional development to drive sustainable
business performance.................................................................................................................13
TASK 2..........................................................................................................................................16
P5. Contribution of HPW to employee engagement and competitive advantage......................16
P6. Approaches to performance management and how they support high performance culture
and commitment.........................................................................................................................18
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................21
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................22

INTRODUCTION
Developing individuals, teams and organization renders the opportunity to
appreciate increasing of knowledge and skills to achieve high performance work system
in cross organizational activity. This report is aimed at determining appropriate
knowledge, skills and behaviors required by an HR professional of Mckinsey and
company to perform HR activities and responsibilities. Mckinsey and company is the
management consulting firm that conducts qualitative and quantitative analysis to
evaluate management decisions across various sectors. Report recognizes and
evaluates their personal skills auditing to understand and improve the performance,
skills and abilities. The professional development plan to set learning goals and training
in relation to learning cycle to achieve sustainable business performance objectives are
also conducted in the report. Continuing professional development that will support
employee engagement and contribution to competitive advantage and sustainable
business performance objectives by analyzing learning cycle and theories are
conducted in the study.
TASK 1
P1. a) Determine appropriate knowledge, skills and behaviors required by HR
professionals
HR professional of Mckinsey and company needs to possess several knowledge,
skills and behavior to employ those qualities in service of operating managers and
employees. Some of the traits and characteristics required by an HR professional
are as follows:
Knowledge required by HR professional
A successful completion of graduation is the basic educational requirement for an HR
professional while some pursue a masters in human resource management will be
useful. Other than educational knowledge there are some other understandings which
an HR professional need to possess which are as follows:
Personnel and Human resources- HR professional should be familiar with the
principles and procedures of recruiting personnel’s, selection, training, compensation
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and benefits (Morgeson, Lindoerfer and Loring, 2010). Also awareness of labor
relations, negotiations and personal information systems is necessary.
Administration and management processes- HR professional must have the
knowledge of management and business principles involved in resource allocation,
strategic planning, human resource modeling, leadership technique, production
methods and coordination of resources and people.
Appropriate legislation- HR professional must be aware of convenient methods to
stay up to date on certain legislations, identify extent to which current goals that are
affected by present legislation and to rewrite the ones that are mainly affected.
Knowledge of laws, legal codes, regulations of government and democratic political
process must be aware to HR professional.
Policies or procedure knowledge- HR professionals should be able to hold
discussions with employees for clarifying policies, procedures and answer queries. They
must have adequate knowledge to discuss violations, implications and preventive
measures with colleague and departments.
Skills required by HR Professional
HR job is a challenging job which requires various skills and competencies that may
include interpersonal abilities and capacity to deal with people and personal issues.
Behavior observation skill: Analyzing activities of others and their effect on particular
situations, paying attention to recognize consistencies between what people say and
their corresponding behaviors (Buller and McEvoy, 2012).
Collaboration and communication: HR professional must be able to communicate
effectively with employees and management in the organization to influence strategy
and achieve daily operations where clear communication has a major role.
Organization and planning: HR profession is a complex job role where a range of
responsibilities and tasks will be simultaneously assigned which must be organized
timely to meet the workflow efficiency.
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Judgment and decision making: HR professional must be able to take quick decisions
regarding relative costs, benefits and advantages of potential actions to choose the best
one. They must also be efficient in making decisions regarding recruitment, appraisal or
terminating of employees or individuals.
Behaviors required by HR professional
Leadership: HR professional need to possess ability or willingness to lead, take
charge, direct and suggest opinion to guide people towards the attainment of
organizational goals. They must be able to control employees and workforce within
organization to make them achieve the objectives and attain productivity.
Stress tolerance: HR job requires plenty of tolerance power of tension and stress as it
requires accepting criticism, deal situations with effectiveness and calmness even in
high stress conditions.
Cooperation: HR professional must be pleasant with employees and people within the
organization and should possess a cooperative and good nature attitude. As HR
department is interrelated to all other functional units of an organization.
Self-control: Maintenance of calmness, keeping emotions and anger in control and
avoidance of aggressive behavior is a behavioral skill required by HR professional to
undergo various situations.
b) Personal skills audit for identifying training and development needs considering
knowledge, skills and behaviors
Personal Skills Audit
JOB ROLE: HUMAN RESOURCE OFFICER
EMPLOYEE: JANE CAMBRIDGE
REQUIRED SKILLS SKILLS ACHIEVED ANALYSIS AND
DETERMINING SKILLS
DEVELOPMENT NEEDS
1. Communication and
cooperation skills
 Negotiating with
employees and
Jane Cambridge lacks
communication with a
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representatives,
trade unions and
labor union
 Understanding of
cultural diversity,
language, ethics,
morale and values
of employees
group or various natives
simultaneously in different
languages. Due to the
same Jane Cambridge is
not able to convey the
exact message and lack
cooperation with
employees.
Communication skills need
to be developed to make
interaction and build
associations with
employees to create a
productive environment.
2. Administration and
management
processes
 Payroll
management and
maintaining
records
 Preparation of
employee
handbooks
 Undertaking of
regular salary
reviews, advising
staff regarding
salary and
remuneration
issues, bonus,
promotions,
benefits and
incentives.
 Jane Cambridge’s
ability of HR
strategic planning
skills for immediate
or long term staff
requirement needs
to be developed for
recruiting ideal
candidates for the
organization. Jane
Cambridge lack
interpretation and
providing assistance
regarding
employment law
which need to be
developed to avoid
issues with staff
management.
3. Leadership I have attained proper
knowledge of employment
and labor laws,
legislations, trade union
policies and awareness of
culture and diversity of
employees.
 Jane Cambridge
lack leadership
ability which is
causing a hindrance
in leading teams
towards goal
achievement. Jane
Cambridge also lack
ability to lead
employees and
workmen which
needs to be
developed.
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Developing a
leading capacity
would benefit Jane
Cambridge to lead
and control staff and
assist line managers
and superiors.
Promoting equality
and diversity as part
of the organization
and managing
multinational
employees need to
be developed to
create a cooperative
and combined
working
environment.
4. Personnel and
Human Resource
 Ability to analyze
training needs in
relation with
departmental
managers
 Familiar with
procedures and
policies of
personnel
recruiting,
selection, staff
management and
their
implementation.
Jane Cambridge lack
ability to work closely with
different departments of
organization due to
absence of leadership
capability and personnel
management. Developing
planning and delivering
training and inductions to
employees can develop
interactions that helps to
associate with employees
of several departments.
Increasing consultancy role
by developing support and
dealing with grievances
and implementing
procedures.
5. Organizational
planning
 Developing and
implementing
policies on issues
regarding
performance
management, work
conditions, equal
opportunities,
disciplinary
Need to develop my
organizational planning
ability to efficiently manage
work in the organization
and interrelate with various
departments, and perform
procedures to attain
organizational capability.
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procedures an
absence
management.
TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT PLAN
JOB ROLE: HUMAN RESOURCE OFFICER
EMPLOYEE: JANE CAMBRIDGE
SKILLS TO BE
IMPROVED
REQUIREMENTS TIME REQUIRED DEVELOPMENT
PLANS
1. Administratio
n and
management
skills
 Interactions,
discussions,
meetings
and
conferences
with
employees
of various
departments
and
superiors.
 Lectures,
sessions,
motivational
classes and
tests.
6 Months To develop my
management and
administration
skills Jane
Cambridge need
to attend several
classes and
seminars through
which he can
attain knowledge
and understanding
of working of
organization’s
management.
Interactions with
executives,
managers,
employees and
workers will render
Jane Cambridge
with ability to
develop strategic
plans for
personnel
management and
recruitment of new
candidates.
2. Leadership
skill
 Group
activities,
short term
target plans,
10 months To develop
leadership ability,
Jane Cambridge
must work closely
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campaigns
and
teamwork.
with teams and
interact in a
cooperative way.
So that he can
gain control on the
employees in a
healthy manner
and assign roles
and
responsibilities to
staff thereby lead
and motivate them
towards goals and
objectives.
P2. c) Professional development plan for HR Officer
Professional development plan to set learning goals and training in relation to
learning cycle to achieve sustainable business performance objectives
PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR JANE CAMBRIDGE
JOB ROLE: HR OFFICER
DEVELOPMENTAL
OBJECTIVES
HOW THE SKILLS OR
KNOWLEDGE WILL BE
ACQUIRED
STANDARDS AND
MEASURES TO ASSESS
ACHIEVEMNET OF
OBJECTIVES
New Skills or
Knowledge:
Information technology
Timeline:
6 months
Resources: Training and
tests, seminars,
presentations, group
discussions. Access to
laptop or PC with MS-
word, excel spreadsheet,
PowerPoint, internet and
email
Strategies: Prepare
documents, reports using
Microsoft word and create
power point slides.
Maintain records of
employees by using
spreadsheet.
Employee’s Learning
Preferences: By
attending training classes,
participate in seminars
and discussions on
various operating
software’s and access
tools. Undergoing tests
and analyzing
performance and learning
Developmental
Objective: To become
proficient in maintaining
employee’s records using
database and specialist
HR software
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Organization’s Available
Resources: Computers,
laptops, trainers,
conference hall, projectors
and AV rooms
New Skills or
Knowledge:
Problem solving skills
Timeline:
8 months
Resources: Examining
case studies, earlier
strategies taken in
uncertainties and issues,
motivational lectures and
information regarding
issues or problems
Strategies: Comparing
solutions and problems,
observation and handle
complex data to use
information. Discover
multiple solutions for an
issue to solve a particular
problem.
Employee’s Learning
Preferences: Practice
and consider ideas of
others to help solve
problems.
Developmental
Objective: Improvise and
use verbal reasoning and
develop problem solving,
make quick decisions and
management of conflicts
in organization
Organization’s Available
Resources: Earlier
records of issues and
problems, strategies
implemented, planned and
not executed action plans
New Skills or
Knowledge:
Supervisory management
Timeline:
8 months
Resources: Overseeing
tasks, leading workforce
and large divisions,
current strategy plan of
organization and
understanding of goals,
knowledge of
organizational hierarchy
and delegation of work
and responsibilities.
Strategies: Interact and
engage with employees
by cooperating and
understanding issues and
problems. Develop team
spirit and motivate staff to
increase productivity to
create healthy working
environment.
Employee’s Learning
Preferences: Interacting
and communicating with
bottom level management
of organization. Engage in
discussions and meetings
with workers and
understand issues or
problems
Developmental
Objective: To develop
supervision ability to lead
and motivate employees
and workforce.
Organization’s Available
Resources: Team
activities, short term goals
planning and
undertakings, training
sessions, meetings,
seminars, motivational
lectures and cooperative
programs.
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P3. Analyze difference between organizational and individual learning; training and
development
Learning process can be achieved by gaining new facts and information, acquiring
innovative procedures, processes or skills that establishes routines and action outcome
relationships. The difference between organizational and individual learning and training
and development is explained below that have a great impact on operations of an
organization.
Organizational and individual learning
ItOrganizational Learning is the process of creating, retaining and transferring
knowledge within an organization which is based on the purpose of learning from
processes and outcomes. Through this learning an organization gains knowledge about
environment, goals and various process which is an expansive field with several
influences from sociology, psychology, business management etc. It is a function of
experience within an organization that allows to stay competitive in a changing
environment (Fisher, 2011Eric Soderquist and et.al., 2010). Investigations in
organizational learning specifies the attributes and behavior of knowledge and the way it
brings changes in routines, cognition and behaviors of organization and individuals. It is
related to the study of organizational theory, communication, behavior psychology and
development. Goal of organizational learning is to adapt to changing environments,
adjust to uncertainties and increase efficiency.
Individual learning the capacity or ability to build knowledge through individual
reflection about external sources and provocations, personal re elaboration of
understandings and experience in interaction with others and environment. It is the
learning of employees through activities, attitudes, thinking and interaction that
generates knowledge from surrounding and experiences. Capabilities play a major role
in individual learning that involves employees’ sustained ability to perform and is a
continuous process with respect to time. It is where an individual learns new skills, ideas
and productivity of work which may get increased as they gain expertise. The individual
can decide whether or not to share knowledge gained with rest of the group.
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Training and development
It is the major function or concern of human resource management which is an
organizational activity aimed at improving job performance of employees or individuals
in an organization. Training and development is the educational process that involves
improving of skills, concepts, changing attitude and gaining more knowledge with the
motive of performance enhancement to gain productivity. It comprises of three major
activities; Training, Education and Development (Boon and et.al., 2011). Training and
development is the subsystem of an organization that stresses upon improvement of
performance of groups, teams and individuals in an organization which is an
educational process that helps in building skills and enhancing abilities. Training is a
reactive process to meet the present need of an employee with aim of developing
additional skills. Development is a proactive process with an aim to develop total
personality of an individual and is a continuous procedure.
Organizational and individual learning helps employees learn new skills, ideas
and enhance existing abilities and talents. Training and development provided to
employees in organization helps in shaping up personality traits, develop skills and
responsibilities which would benefit organization in achieving productivity and complete
tasks within the time limit. Providing opportunity to develop employees through training
helps in building perception of being cared among staff and create overall performance
thereby rising employee loyalty towards the organization (Kehoe and Wright, 2013). The
training and development involves the interaction between employees and staff while in
learning process that helps in maintaining a good work relationship thereby avoiding
conflicts. Training and development will also encourage employees to serve the
organization with increased level of working and dedication.
P4. Analyze need for continuous learning and professional development to drive
sustainable business performance
Continuing Professional Development (CPD) is the learning or maintaining
professional coursework, informal educations, academic degrees and attending
conferences or meetings that involves intense and collaborative knowledge that ideally
incorporates evaluation stages (Bolman and Deal, 2017). Employees of an organization
should engage in CPD to maintain and enhance knowledge and skills to deliver
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professional experience to the business, clients and community. It encourages
employees to make efficient contribution to work and increase productivity of
organization by improving performance and abilities. Continuous learning and
professional development is knowledge maintenance to improvise understanding and
skills that helps in personal growth and goal achievements. This professional review
and development process develops training needs of all employees and staff through
identifying relation to the current practice, developing plans for long or short term needs.
It will improve the overall performances of workforce in current job, maintain work
accuracy, enriches experience and prepares individuals for advancement that involves
personal as well as organizational objectives.
Figure 1: Continuous Professional Development (CPD)
(Source: CPD overview, 2018)
CPD cycle the following involves the following structure;
Identification of employee’s present skills, abilities and performance and understanding
of goals to be achieved and requirement of improvements (Erez and et.al., 2013).
 A clear plan is to be made that must state clearly the outcomes, challenges or
risks and set target to achieve progress that may be organizational or personal.
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 Action plans needs to be delivered accurately after proper understanding of plan
and employees must be open to learn and gain knowledge in field where they
lack.
 Reflection of daily activities and learnings on experience helps an employee
develop skills and performance level which gets added to the improved abilities
that might benefit individual in personal growth
 Application of these gained experiences, knowledge and understandings can be
included or applied to create opportunities where translation of these theories
into practice and learning to work is possible that can develop skills and
performance appraisal of employee (Marrone, 2010).
 Sharing the experience and knowledge with other staff and workers can create
community learning practice that will generate great insight ad benefit employee
in developing performance and abilities.
CPD also involves continuous feedback and measuring impact that counts the
overall effect of learning and understanding of work in an organization and particular job
assigned to a staff.
Learning cycle theories to analyze the importance of implementing continuous
professional development
Different models or theories can be applied to evaluate and develop Continuous
learning and professional development which considers circumstances and adopts
various forms of knowledge that can be developed through a particular model or
framework. The experiential learning is the best way to develop employee performance
through CPD which includes four stages;
Concrete experience- An employee cannot learn some task or work by just
reading or watching it instead involvement and practice can only render him the
experience of particular skill or way of doing something (Kozlowski and Bell, 2013).
Reflective observation- Attention and reflection should be focused by an
employee on particular elements of experience that might take time to perform
something and analyzing the incidents.
Abstract experimentation- Through inductive reasoning process employees
can analyze observations, explain and integrate them in to logical theories.
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Active experimentation- Employees need to apply the knowledge gained into
practice to gain experience of a particular task or work.
Several theories provide vocabulary and conceptual framework to interpret learning
examples and suggest solutions to practical issues. Some of the are as follows:
Lectures and learning theories: This theory includes cognitive and constructive
learning to create meaning for self-based understanding and knowledge through
experiencing things or work and reflecting those experiences gained. It also includes
information processing theories where individuals can encode information to learn and
relate it to memory and retrieve while applying them in practice (Morgeson, Lindoerfer
and Loring, 2010). This type of learning and theory involves interaction of individual
constructs, writings and social cognitive theories learned through engaging with other
employees and staff of organization.
Simulation and Learning theory: Extensive practices and experiences are
important for employees while engaging in continuous professional development.
Practice activities are specifically designed and developed to create performance
aspects which needs improvisations, feedbacks and repetition. Deliberative practices
need motivation to improve performance of employees and engage them in efforts to
refine knowledge and skills to attain sustainable business performance objectives.
TASK 2
P5. Contribution of HPW to employee engagement and competitive advantage
‘Effective use of high performance working framework and performance
management models to support high performance culture’
High Performance Work System (HPWS)
HPWS is the systematic approach to organizational design which align
organizational structure, its environment, systems, structures and practices aimed at
achieving operational effectiveness, innovation and highly satisfied customers. It is the
group of separate and interconnected human resources practices that involves
selection, training, performance appraisal and compensation that are developed to
enhance effectiveness of employees (Buller and McEvoy, 2012). HPWS involves
practices to improve organization’s capacity to effectively develop and retain high
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performing employees. It is the combination of management practices developed to
create an environment where an employee has greater responsibility and involvement.
Elements of HPWS
Employees decision making process: Employees freedom and ability to make
decisions by participating in management’s decision making process effect their
immediate environment, positively impacts entire organization making them feel more
committed, empowered.
Training: Employees who are trained to develop particular skills and abilities
within the organization to perform necessary jobs effectively sets greater responsibility.
Cross training employees in various skills enables them to understand their role in
organization (Fisher, 2011).
Incentives and reward systems: With an incentive plan employees are more
likely to participate in HPWS. Performance of employees must be linked to outcomes
which are beneficial to them as well as organization. Such kind of reward systems
encourages employees to strive for goals that will support organization attain its overall
goals.
Outcomes of HPWS and Conditions that create HPWS which will contribute
towards employee engagement and competitive advantage
Satisfied workers: Introducing HPWS in an organization will allow employees to
work efficiently and productively that will promote competitive advantage of firm. With
HPWS the skills, abilities and knowledge of employees are applied successfully which
will help organization bring efficiency in their operations and activities. Benefits and
rewards provided to employees will drive them to satisfaction. This in turn will create
employee engagement towards a particular task or job that will assist in attaining
competitive advantage.
Knowledge sharing: HPWS promotes learning and development of new skills
and abilities at the same time improving existing talents of staff. It renders chances of
sharing information, knowledge and experience among employees which will help to
bring community learning and understanding of organization’s procedures and assist in
increased productivity (Eric Soderquist and et. al., 2010). Employees shares knowledge
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and experiences between colleagues and management which will drive their
engagement towards their job to help organization attain competitive edge.
Low absenteeism: HPWS makes employees committed towards their work
which will reduce leaves and absenteeism of staff that will not harm operations of
organization. Increased employee engagement towards tasks and responsibilities
assigned to employees will render smooth operations of organization that will result in
increased competency.
Teamwork, contribution and active participation: HPWS will develop team
spirit between employees where they will work closely in groups, contribute their best
learning, understandability and knowledge by actively participating in the assigned task
and responsibility which will drive their engagement and helps in attaining a competitive
advantage (Boon and et.al., 2011).
P6. Approaches to performance management and how they support high performance
culture and commitment
Performance management is the ongoing process of exchange of information or
message between a supervisor and employee that is carried out continuously to
accomplish strategic objectives of an organization. With a good performance
management plan managers and employees can work mutually to plan, analyze and
review an individual’s work objectives and contribution to the organization and its
growth. Different strategies and approaches can be applied by organization to measure
performance of employees, some of them are as follows;
Result Approach: This approach is simple where an organization rates its
employees on the basis of their performance results using a balance score card
technique which are focused on perspectives like; financial, internal operations, learning
and growth. This approach converts strategy into operations by considering external
environment including customers and rendering a holistic view. For example; An
organization which is undergoing strategic change may use this method to measure
employee’s performance and enable and inform them regarding new implementation of
business, channels and offerings.
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Behavioral approach: It is the contemporary performance management
technique that consists of a series of vertical scales for various job roles in an
organization (Kehoe and Wright, 2013). It is measures employee performance using
BARS (Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scale) technique or BOS (Behavioral Observation
Scale) method. It renders specific frequency description in relation to employee
behaviors for an effective performance. For example; Supervisor in an organization
considering behaviors of workers which defines close to performance scale for a biased
ranking.
Activities involved in performance management
HR Officer of an organization need to follow several steps or processes to
implement efficient performance management which are:
Plan, establish goals and expectations; Clear job descriptions, objectives,
targets and creating recruitment proposals must be defined which is then to be linked
with what need to be done at every level of strategic planning framework of the
organization.
Develop plan: Short and long term goals and development needs must be
prepared by organization by analyzing time required for developments and prioritize
them according to the needs of business to improve employee performance (Bolman
and Deal, 2017).
Take actions: Implement and initiate developed plans by providing ongoing
direction and support to employees while making them apply their dedication and hard
work to focus on goal accomplishment.
Assess progress: Goals and responsibilities of employees need to be
discussed and is important to measure performance continuously to monitor progress
and address outcomes. For example; Feedbacks from workers or clients, observations
from managers and leaders or employee’s self-evaluation can assist in creating a HPW
culture where staff of organization feel comfortable in seeking guidance to solve issues.
Rewards and recognition: Deserving and high performing employees must be
rewarded with good benefits. Incentives, bonus schemes, overtime allowances and
promotions etc. are HPW initiating procedures that can benefit organization in its growth
and success.
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Purpose of performance management system
Main objective of performance management system in an organization is to
assess and ensure that employees are performing their duties and responsibilities
assigned to them in an efficient and satisfactory manner that contributes to overall
success and growth of business and company (Erez and et.al., 2013). Employee
managing and performance management system aligning helps in facilitating effective
delivery of operational and strategic goals of organization. It benefits organization to
grow sales, reduce operating costs, eliminate project overrun, reduce time taken to
create strategic or operational changes. Performance management creates a motivated
workforce that optimizes incentive plans to specific goals for over achievement and
create employee engagement (The Modern Day Performance Management Process.
2018).
Figure 2: High Performance Work Culture
(Source: The Essence of any Effective Organization, 2018)
Comparison of major methods to measure performance
Comparative Approach: It involves grading an employee’s performance with
relation to that of other staff in the team (Morgeson, Lindoerfer and Loring, 2010). They
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are ranked according to the forced distribution, paired comparison techniques and
graphic rating scale methods to identify highest and lowest performer. For example;
Considering a team of production department in an organization, top performers
accounts to 10%, average 40%, good 40% consecutively (Morgeson, Lindoerfer and
Loring, 2010). Finally, the low performers identify to be 10%. This least performing
employees can be trained through CPD which will enable them to participate in HPWS
which can bring productivity and efficiency to both staff and organization.
Attribute Approach: In this kind of approach employees are measured
considering certain sets of parameters that involves their problem solving skills,
teamwork, communication, innovation, decision making and creativity. For example:
Employees in an organization are measured using a graphic rating scale to rate the
employee on a scale of 1 to 5 or lowest to highest on the basis of given set of
parameters.
For example; Employee of an organization is rated as high on certain parameters
that is broken down and scaled as above (+) whereas another staff in comparison is
ranked (0) or equal. This approach is relied heavily on nature of the evaluator.
CONCLUSION
Report on developing individuals, teams and organization have discussed
professional development plan for HR officer role and identified skills, behaviors and
knowledge required by a HR professional. It also explained the need of continuous
professional development to drive sustainable business performance and employee
engagement towards attainment of competitive advantage. The report also
demonstrated various contributions of HPWS like; performance management,
increased productivity etc. its elements and outcomes that support high performance
culture and commitment. Also a valid synthesis of knowledge and information to make
judgements on how HPW and mechanisms support employee engagement and help
organization attain competitive edge are being elaborated in the study.
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Erez and et.al., 2013. Going global: Developing management students' cultural
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Online
CPD overview. 2018. [Online]. Available through:
<https://www.bcs.org/category/17015>
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