Organizational Structure and Change Management

This assignment involves analyzing various studies and articles related to organizational structure, change management, and leadership skills. It includes a list of references from journals and books, as well as online resources. The objective is to understand the key concepts and theories in these fields, including Lewin's planned change theory, group versus team differences, and hierarchical structures.

The developing manager

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Comparison of different management styles....................................................................1
1.2 Leadership characteristics................................................................................................2
1.3 Evaluation of Communication processes in selected businesses.....................................3
1.4 Organizational culture & change in selected businesses..................................................4
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................6
2.1 Assessment of own management skill performance........................................................6
2.2 Analysis of personal strengths, weaknesses, opportunities & threats..............................7
2.3 Prioritize objectives & targets to develop own potential..................................................8
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................9
3.1 Motivate to a team to accomplish objective.....................................................................9
3.2 Justification of managerial decisions to support achievement of agreed goal &
recommendation for improvements........................................................................................9
LO 4...............................................................................................................................................10
4.1 How personal & managerial skills will support career development.............................10
4.2 Personal development needs, current performance & future needs to produce development
plan.......................................................................................................................................11
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................13
References......................................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
Developing manager can be defined as a process of making improvements of own skills
in order to manage functions of organization effectively. This present study has 4 tasks in which
first tasks is based on 2 tourism sector company such as Thomas Cook and TUI. It will discuss
different management styles, leadership styles, organizational culture and communication
processes which these companies follow. Next tasks are based on Clayton Crown hotel. This
hotel is a collection of well managed and appointed hotels and these hotels are renowned for
offering unique personality (Mukumbang and et.al., 2016). This reflective report will analyse
own strengths and weaknesses & own management personal skills. Further Management report
will show importance of motivation to a team and responsibilities of management in achieving
pre determined goals. Lastly Reflective report will show importance of managerial & personal
skills for the future development and ways of increasing skills with the help of personal
development plan.
TASK 1
1.1 Comparison of different management styles
Management refers to a process of maintaining an environment where all level of
employees with resources can work together in a group for accomplishing goals. There are
several management theories which are being followed by TUI and Thomas Cook companies of
Travel & tourism industry. It provides several qualitative services to customers. For successfully
operating in countries, it is important for them to manage all resources in an efficient manner.
For managing effectively, manager of this company uses several theories such as:
Basis TUI Thomas
Management approaches and
models
System approach:
System approach believes that
everything and all departments
of an organization are
interdependent & interrelated.
A system is made by different
parts of an organization. When
Contingency
approach: Contingency
approach believes that
effectiveness of a manager
depends upon situations of the
company & their behaviours.
There are some factors that

one of all parts fail then whole
system goes wrong, so it is
important for the manager of
TUI to make a condition and a
system where all level of
employees can work together
with more productively.
can impacts on its
effectiveness such as
individual differences, size of
the company, environmental
uncertainty etc. This theory
helps to provide choice to the
manager of Thomas Cook to
use the most suitable
techniques (Qiu and et.al.,
2015).
Management theories Classical management
theories (administrative): In
this Administrative theory of
management, manager of TUI
company find a rational way to
design its company. They
focus on organizational
management by focusing on all
departments equally. They put
pressure on all departments to
accomplish common goals.
Classical management
theories (Bureaucratic): It
has various classical
management theories
including scientific
management, bureaucratic and
administrative theories.
Bureaucratic theory is all
related to the structure of the
company. It refers rules,
procedures, patterns,
regulations of an organization.
The main aim of Thomas
Cook to use this theory is to
decrease the complexity of
their company. With the help
of this theory they make
themselves able to give tasks
and authority to employees.

Assumptions & drawbacks
 There are some advantages & limitations of all theories in which the main advantage of
contingency theory is it makes management styles more flexible. On the other hand, it is
complex and difficult to implement.
 Advantages of system approach is it makes manager able to interact internal environment
with external environment and make an effective system. Whereas, it is over conceptual
& unpractical theory.
 The biggest advantage of classical management theories is it has clear hierarchical
structure that define clear division of labour.
1.2 Leadership characteristics
Leadership can be defined as an action of guiding followers of an organization.
Management and leadership are called the main pillar of an organization. For accomplishing all
goals of both companies (Thomas Cook & TUI) it is important to not only focus on management
but also on leadership. For that this company apply and use different characteristic of leadership
through leadership theories such as:
Characteristics TUI Thomas Cook
Innovation/passion Leadership of TUI company is
innovative. They focus on
bringing more innovation in
their all processes of the comp
any They believe that
innovation can attract larger
number of customers
Leadership of Thomas Cook
company are passionate. They
have skills and characteristics
to do something effectively.
Leaders styles Autocratic: Autocratic
leadership style refers a
management style in which,
leader of an organization has
power and authority to control
all decisions. This type of style
Democratic: It is called
participative style of leading
because in this style all
employees take active
participation in the process of
decision-making. The main

cannot be effective in all type
of situation as it can be
effective only where the leader
need quick decisions. Leaders
of TUI do not involve their
employees in this type of style
which demotivate
employees(Iqbal, Anwar and
Haider, 2015).
aim of Thomas Cook for using
this style is to encourage,
motivate and increase
employees decision-making
skills. Creativity is also
encouraged & rewarded by the
leader of the company.
Motivation skills &
collaboration
Leaders of TUI motivate their
employees. For motivating
they give them incentive rather
than focusing on interpersonal
relationship. It is the main
techniques of motivating
employees. There are 2 types
of incentives such as financial
& non-financial, intrinsic &
extrinsic. Different types of
employees work at TUI which
have different types of needs.
According to their needs,
leader of the company give
them incentives on the basis of
their performance. It motivates
them towards achieving goals.
For accomplishing goals of
Thomas Cook company it is
important for them to make
strong relationship with their
partners and stakeholders.
Stakeholders of Thomas cook
company includes employees,
investors, customers, non-
governmental & governmental
organizations etc. They have
more power to influence
effectiveness of the company.
Thomas Cook company more
focus on working with
stakeholders in order to solve
any type of problems. They are
relationship oriented rather
than task oriented.

1.3 Evaluation of Communication processes in selected businesses
Communication refers an act of informing & transferring messages from one place,
person & group to another. In the travel and tourism organization, communication is an integral
part as it helps Thomas Cook & TUI companies to maintain the flow of services. It is the way of
interacting with staff in order to identify issues and make changes. There is a process of
communication which is being followed by Clayton Crown Hotel and includes 8 stages. There
are 3 types of communication methods such as verbal, non-verbal and written.
Verbal: Verbal communication is exchanging and sharing of information & expression
of feelings with the use of words, discussion & speeches. It can be written & spoken but this
mainly describe spoken communication. For making verbal communication effective there is an
importance for listener and speaker to have effective speaking & listening skills (Frye and et.al.
2018).
Non-verbal: Non-verbal communication is a procedure of convey message without using
of words. Non-verbal communication includes facial expressions, gestures, body languages &
postures. It also helps the company in maintaining interpersonal relationship.
Written: It is called a traditional process of exchanging & sharing informations as well.
Thomas cook company make effective use of written communication that includes letter head,
notice for all level departments and staff. It also includes E-mail, telegram, internet websites,
brouchers etc. The main benefit of this type of communication is there is no need of personal
contact that saves time. In the context of written communication, Thomas Cook more focus on
E-mail. On the other hand TUI company focus on brouchers & internet Websites.
Lines of communication
Formal: Formal communication is done through pre determined channels which are
being set by the company. In this type the company follow a hierarchical chain & all employees
are bound to follow it. Examples of formal communication includes orders, reports, requests etc.
It may be upward or bottom-up, horizontal or lateral and cross wide or diagonal. It is being used
by TUI company.
Informal: Informal communication do not follow pre determined channels as it moves
freely in all directions. It is a common type in which people from different levels interact with
each other. Example: casual discussion, sharing of feelings etc. Thomas Cook make use of
informal style (Ackermann and et.al. 2019).

There are some factors that create barriers in the process of communication for both Thomas
Cook & TUI companies in an effective communication which includes:
Emotional: The emotional IQ of an individual determines the comfortableness with
which they can communicate. An individual who is emotionally mature they can communicate
with any person effectively. Whereas emotionally immature let their emotions take over by
which they have to face some difficulties.
Cultural: Thomas Cook & TUI companies have different types and culture of employees
that have different religions, values. They have different languages in which some people do not
understand English like Chinese people, so they fine difficulties in exchanging messages.
1.4 Organizational culture & change in selected businesses
There are several types of organizational structure and culture which are being used by
different companies according to their firm size and scope.
Type of organizational structure
Hierarchical structure: Thomas Cook company follows this type of structure with the
main aim of allocating responsibilities and authority to employees with effectively. This
structure helps the manager of company to maintain the professional approach in working. It has
Illustration 1: Organizational structure
Sources: (Hierarchical structure, 2019.)

also developed a friendly culture for supporting all level of staff (Baer, Cassidy and Hiltner,
2018).
Flat: This type of structure is being adopted by small organizations. In this type of
structure different levels of middle management are eliminated. The main benefit of following
this structure is it makes employees able to take quick decisions. There are some small
organizations in this industry which use this structure.
Matrix organizational structure: It is an organizational structure which is being
followed by TUI company. In this type of structure, relationship of all levels of staff are set up as
a grid rather than in hierarchy. Employees have dual reporting relationship like functional
manager and product manager.
Factors influence changes in culture
There are several factors that have impact and influence changes in the culture of Clayton Crown
Hotel such as:
Technologies: Any type of technical evolution in the country in which the company
operates can make changes the culture. For examples, changes in manufacturing process due to
technology, changes in the means of transportation etc.
Geographical: Geographical & economic changes are called natural changes that not in
our control. For example, heavy rainfall, lifestyle of people of a particular place. Changes in
these geographical can make changes in the culture.
Types of changes
Demographic: Demographic changes includes the changes in buying behaviours of
consumers, different age of people, income status, educational level, Retirement age of
employees. All these factors can have direct impacts on income, sales and decision-making
process of Thomas Cook company.
Legislative: It is other type of change that also can have impacts on the performance of
TUI company. It includes changes in organizational laws such as holiday pay, competition law,
insurance law etc. Due to changes in all laws the company require making changes in their all
processes and decision-making process which can take their time and cost (Gummer and
Mandinach, 2015).

With the help of Lewin planned change theory, TUI company make itself more able to
understand the process of organizational change (Lewin planned change theory, 2018). It has 3
stages such as:
Unfreezing: It is first stage in which people do not have willingness of making changes.
By making aware them about the importance of making changes in the processes and culture,
manager of TUI motivate them. In this stage TUI company wants to change leadership style as it
follows autocratic style which is not good in all situations. It makes all employees understand the
importance of this style.
Change: After making aware to them, manager implement changes. All employees and
people agree of acceptance of new ways. It requires careful planning & communication to make
implementation of changes success. The manager of TUI company, implement change
successfully.
Freeze: It is the final stage in which people move from the change stage into more stable
state. In this refreezing stage, employees of the company accept new ways and are being
rewarded for their excellent performance.
TASK 2
2.1 Assessment of own management skill performance
As manager, it is necessary to have many skills which can aid to improve my
performance in the Clayton Crown Hotel.These skills are implemented to wider areas of
functions like production, marketing, accounting, finance, human resource. Management skills
are knowledge and capability of single person in manager position to fulfil some particular
management actions or tasks (Mackey and et.al., 2016). Thus, It involves communication,
interpersonal and motivation skills which are required to be developed as manager in the Clayton
Crown Hotel. It is the necessary to have planning and organizing skills for accomplishing the
personal and professional goals. Creative individual can come up with good thought and chosen
people who are better at aiding my plans (Dicke and et.al., 2015). There are many management
skills such as:
Skills Audit
Skills Summary Confidence Example Transferability Needs to
improvement

Management
Skills
I am trying to
improve and
develop my
management
skills which
includes
technical,
conceptual and
interpersonal
management
skills. It is
necessary to
me for
improving the
technical skills
by which I can
solve any kind
of technical
issue in the
Clayton
Crown Hotel.
4–confident Working for
managing of
operations.
Providing the
effective
consumer
services,
Yes, I need to
improve this
skills.
Personal Skills I have
required to
develop my
communicatio
n skill for
interacting
with
employees,
senior staffs
and consumers
4–confident Achieving the
goals and
objectives
like financial
instability,
proper
mindset.
For balancing
the personal and
professional
life.
Yes I need to
improve
personal skills.

in the
workplace.
Thus, I will try
to develop my
verbal and
written
communicatio
n skills for
interacting
with
employees and
consumers.
Effective
communicatio
n with
consumers
which can aid
to increase
attraction of
guests towards
the Clayton
Crown Hotel.
Organizing
and planning
skills
Through this
skill, I am
keeping
focussed on
doing the
correct
activities,
setting up
prioritizes and
4–confident For effective
planning and
organizing
the different
activities.
For controlling
of the whole
company.
Yes I need to
improve these
skills.

give me
confidence
which I am
followed my
personal
roadmap to
my target
destination.
Thus, I will
develop my
planning and
organizing
abilities to
control of
whole
company like
Clayton
Crown Hotel.
Creative and
Cognitive
Skills
I can see
things from
new
perspective,
have different
visions and is
better at
inspiring
individual
people by my
talents.
Through this
skill, I will get
4–confident For making
creative and
innovative
decisions.
For controlling
of the whole
company.
Yes I need to
improve these
skills.

the innovative
and creative
ideas and
thoughts for
managing and
controlling of
functions and
operations of
Clayton
Crown Hotel.
2.2 Analysis of personal strengths, weaknesses, opportunities & threats
I am working as deputy manager in Clayton Crown Hotel, so that, it is necessary to me
for developing and improving all the skills and competencies which can help me to achieve the
professional and personal objective. I have realized that many of skills are weak which can need
to be developed.
Strengths
 I have better communication skills
which can help me for interacting with
employees and consumers in the
Clayton Crown Hotel.
 I can create many innovative ideas and
thoughts for completing all activities in
effective manner.
Weakness
 I am unable solve any complex
problems in the Clayton Crown Hotel.
 Lack of organization and planning
skills for organizing any activity and
event in the Clayton Crown Hotel.
Opportunities
 I will develop my technical skills for
solving any kind of technical issues in
the Clayton Crown Hotel.
 I will develop my leadership skills
which can aid to lead the team in
Threats
 Lack of motivation skills which can
impact on my roles like directing and
sustaining the employees’ efforts in the
Clayton Crown Hotel.
 I am unable to give the presentation in

effective manner. front of seniors because my confidence
level is very weak.
2.3 Prioritize objectives & targets to develop own potential
First of all, I will make aims and objectives which are related to increase the consumers
attraction and experience towards the services of Clayton Crown Hotel. I will follow different
ways for accomplishing this kind of objective of firm. Such as:
SMART objective:
It is necessary to make SMART objectives which stands for specific, measurable,
achievable, realistic and time bound. Thus, I will make efforts to prepare the SMART objective
which can be accomplished, measured and realistic. Also, I will make efforts to make those goals
which can be timely achieved.
Objectives Ways of achieving Ways of measuring Resources
Time management It is the necessary to
manage time for
accomplishing the
goals. Thus, I will set
up prioritize activity
for accomplishing the
SMART objective of
Clayton Crown Hotel.
In terms of, I will
develop my time
management skills for
achieving the goals on
time bound.
For managing time, I
will follow the
different ways which
can aid to accomplish
the objective of hotel.
Work Scheduling It is needed to
schedule of work for
completing each and
every activity of the
hotel.
Therefore, I will make
sure that scheduling of
work to each
employee in effective
manner.
Through this way,
workers easily
completing all tasks
which are related to
objectives of Clayton
Crown Hotel.
Leadership and
management styles
It is the needed to lead
and manage the team
for accomplishing the
objectives of
Therefore, I will make
sure that I can lead and
manage the team in
which assign the tasks,
For that, I will follow
different leadership
and management
styles like democratic,

organization. giving the effective
guidance in the team.
transactional and so
on. With the help of it,
I will easily manage
team effectively. This
can help me to
accomplish the
objectives and goals of
Clayton Crown Hotel.
Giving and receiving
feedback
The main goal of
Clayton Crown Hotel
is to increase
consumer attraction
and experience
towards company.
For that, I will follow
the way by which my
employee receives the
feedback from the
consumer in both
positive and negative
ways.
Also, me and my team
members improve all
feedback either
positive or negative.
Positive feedback form
consumers will aid to
accomplish the
objectives of the
Clayton Crown Hotel.
In order to that, I will also follow different techniques like learning styles, learning cycle,
team building, effective communication, decision-making, problem-solving, managing the
conflicts and so on. These modes can aid to accomplish the goals of Clayton Crown Hotel.
TASK 3
3.1 Motivate to a team to accomplish objective
The main vision of Clayton Crown Hotel is to promote tourism within UK and become
sustainable and successful business. For accomplishing this goals and vision it is important to
focus and motivate employees. For motivating employees, it focuses on making team. There are
several roles of management and managerial skills such as:
Motivating staff: Motivating to staff plays a significant role as motivated employees
help and work more productively. For motiving team and people, Clayton Crown Hotel focus on
satisfying all their needs by rewards, incentives, providing effective working environment etc.

Team building: It is other main role of management of this hotel. Team building plays a
significant role in achieving goals. It is analysed and stated that all departments of Clayton
Crown Hotel are interrelated, so it important for them to work collaboratively and as a team. It
can help the manager in improving relationship and completing tasks with effectively.
Group dynamic: Group dynamic can be defined as a behavioural characteristic of a
group. The manager need to concern with their people behaviours and attitude and know the way
of doing things. It is called a common and important entity.
There is a difference between a group and a team.
A group can be defined as a collection of different individuals who work together for
accomplishing individual goals. On the other hand, team is a collection of group and group of
person that work for accomplishing team goals. This hotel more focuses on developing team for
accomplishing goals (Difference between group and a team, 2019).
3.2 Justification of managerial decisions to support achievement of agreed goal &
recommendation for improvements
Duty manager of Clayton Crown hotel wants to lead and open a new hotel and for that it
is important to attract wider range of customers. The main aim of duty manager is to increase
sales and attract larger range of customers. For accomplishing these goals it is essential to
perform responsibilities and roles that can help them in satisfying customers and making them
able to make an effective decisions. There are some responsibilities of management that need to
be fulfilled in order to achieve goals. Some responsibilities include:
Customer services: The preliminary responsibility of duty manager of Clayton Crown
hotel to fulfil and improve skills of customer services as it wants to lead a new hotel in Stratford
city, London. When manager provide the better and attractive services to customers then they are
more likely to come and purchase products and services (Schaefers and et.al., 2016). By focusing
on this responsibility, they can make their decisions easily and can also increase their products
forecasting skills effective.
Products development: Product development is other main responsibility of duty
manager. Product development means to create products & services with new and attractive
characteristic. For developing products it uses various strategies as of presenting them to
customers. It uses attractive packaging that help them in attracting more customers. Customers
always want and prefer those products that can give them value with good quality and affordable

prices. By focusing on this responsibility and function it can easily accomplish its goals and also
make decisions accordingly.
Delegation and empowerment: It is other main responsibility of a duty manager. It is
important for manager to have both skills. Delegation means to assign tasks to employees on the
basis of skills. Empowerment means to give more authority to employees in order to develop
employee commitment. With having these skills it can make itself able to manage all tasks and
resources.
Develop effective working relationship: Development of working relationship also play
a vital role. It is responsibility of manager to focus on increasing strong relationship of
employees with management and colleague. It can help them in reducing absenteeism and retain
them for the long run. When manager focus on allocate tasks to employees on the basis of tehir
needs then they likely to do more productive work. So it is important for making decisions
process easy to fulfil this fucntion.
Recommendations: From the above study it can be recommended to duty manager of
Clayton Crown hotel to adopt and make use of social media in marketing strategy. With the help
of social media platform like Instagram, Facebook it can approach and attract wider range of
customers as it wants to lead a new hotel and want to gain opportunities. For more motivating
team it is also important to focus on training and development programs for them. It can make
employees able to use different styles and ways of providing services to customers.
LO 4
4.1 How personal & managerial skills will support career development
There are some personal and managerial skills which is required for duty manager to have for
managing all resources and processes.
Importance of managerial skills: Managerial skills includes technical skill, conceptual
skills and interpersonal skills. Technical skills can make me able as a manager to make and
perform work with more efficiently & also boost confidence level. With the help of having these
skills I can also save my rime in all processes of the hotel. Conceptual skills includes abstract
thinking, analytical, ability to ignore extraneous informations. With having conceptual skills, I
can perform my all roles as a duty manager of Clayton Crown hotel & can visualize the entire
hotel with ideas & interrelationship between abstract concepts. Interpersonal skills means having

a strong relationship and communication with other people of the company. These skills can also
help the company and manager in increasing overall productivity (Lantagne and Furman, 2017).
For career development it is essential to have all these skills in order to accomplish determined
goals. For example, interpersonal skills means ability to make strong relationship. For being
successful it is important to have support of other and have strong relationship. If I want to make
and organize a plan successfully and if I do not have the ability of interpersonal then no one will
follow my rules which can become the reason of conflicts. Technical skills also can save my
time as nowadays most of the companies are making use of technologies for bringing innovation
in their processes so technologies and conceptual skills can make my all processes easy for me
and others as well.
Importance of personal skills: Personal skills includes effective communication skills,
motivation skills, public speaking skills and planning skills. Motivation and communication
skills are vital and important to have as a duty manager. With the help of motivation skills, I can
make myself able to get work done from employees by motivating them according to their needs.
Motivated employees tend to stay in the company for the long run. Effective communication
skills make employees also able to understand informations and messages on which bases they
need to be performed. Planning and organizing is preliminary skills because without having an
effective plan as a manager I and employees cannot perform. Planning is a framework that works
as a guideline. Public speaking on the other hand shown employees and listener about abilities
and knowledge of a manager. With having this skill, as a duty manager of Clayton Crown hotel I
can influence customers. All these skills like communication, motivation and public speaking
can help in career development in the future. For example, an effective communication and
motivation skills will make me able to listen and speak carefully which will do not create
misunderstanding. It is also stated that the main problem and conflict create due to lack of
misunderstanding. Motivation also push an individual towards achieving something so without
having this skill I will not be able to achieve my goals and develop in the career effectively.
4.2 Personal development needs, current performance & future needs to produce development
plan
Personal development plan is an effective tool that can help an individual in increasing
their weakened areas. It shows all those areas which need to be improved along with ways of
improving them (Stewart, 2016).

Skills need to
be improved
Actions need to
be taken
Future needs &
importance
Feedbacks Time frame
Public speaking
skills
For improving
this skill I need to
give stage
performance and
have to do
practice in the
front of mirror.
By taking classes
of personal
development I can
improve body
language skills.
Public speaking
skills can help me
out in my future
and career
development by
making me able
to speak in front
of people
fearlessly. If in do
not have this skill
then I can not
make listener and
people able to
influence about
buying my
company's
services.
For knowing my
weaknesses I took
feedbacks from
my peers,
managers,
customers and
employees. With
the help of
feedbacks from
customers I came
to know that I
lack in this skill.
Within 25 days
Planning &
organizing
By learning from
seniors and
people around I
can improve these
skills.
Due to lack of
planning &
organizing I can
not achieve my
goals. For
achieving a goal
there should be a
framework on
which bases I can
follow steps. So it
is important to
Feedbacks from
the manager, and
their views told
me that I need to
improve planning
and organizing
skills for going in
the right
direction.
Within 30 days

have an effective
planning skills.
Motivation For improving
motivation skills I
need to set
measurable goals,
by being healthy
and celebrating
each success I can
improve
motivational
skills.
Motivation is
something which
put a person
towards achieving
goals and
performing
things. An
individual needs
something who
can push towards
working, so
without having
motivation skills,
I cannot perform
and complete
tasks in the
future.
Feedbacks from
employees, I
came to know
that my
motivation skills
are not too much
good. I need to
increase it for
accomplishing
goals and get the
work done from
them.
Within 15 days
CONCLUSION
From the above report it has been summarized that management and leadership style
played a vital role in hospitality and tours and travel sector. It has shown different management
& leadership styles like autocratic, contingency, classical management etc. It has also shown
own personal and managerial skills' assessment in order to develop own potential. Further this
managerial report has discussed and shown importance of motivation to a team and difference
between a group & a team. Lastly this presented reflective report discussed importance of
managerial and personal skills in career development. With the help of personal development
plan it has shown all areas which need to be improved with effective ways.

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