Tourism and Information Technology

This assignment explores the influence of information technology (IT) on various aspects of the tourism industry. It examines how IT shapes travel planning processes, influences consumer decision-making, and impacts marketing strategies in tourism. The focus is on understanding the interplay between technological advancements and the evolving landscape of tourism.

TRAVEL AND TOURISM

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Key historical developments in travel and tourism sector....................................................1
1.2 Structure of tourism industry................................................................................................2
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................3
2.1 Function of government, governing sponsored bodies and international agencies in
tourism ........................................................................................................................................3
2.2 Influence of local and national economy policy on success of tourism sector.....................4
2.3 Express political alteration in travel or tourism sector of various nation.............................4
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................5
3.1 Components influencing business demand...........................................................................5
3.2 Alteration in supplying to fulfils the influence of demand...................................................6
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................7
4.1 Positive and negative impacts of economic, environmental or social factors of tourism.....7
4.2 Schemes utilized to decrease the pessimistic influence by increasing the optimistic effects
.....................................................................................................................................................8
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Travel or tourism industry is seen as a one of the largest economic drivers in current
scenario where development rate in this sector is much more higher than other industry like
manufacturing, retailing and so on. In fact, it is considered as a backbone for UK economy by
offering maximum number jobs to overall society (Evans, Stonehouse and Campbell, 2012).
This assignment is going to classified into various section for explaining the development and
enhancement of tourism sector at European marketplace. Initially, project will throw some lights
on historical growth of industry and its structure which is followed by various organizations.
Along with this, it also explains eminent role which is played by governing bodies, sponsored
bodies and international agencies in developing tourism sector. Influence of several macro or
macro factors are also outlined in this assignment and components which affects demand of this
sector.
TASK 1
1.1 Key historical developments in travel and tourism sector
Every year various places of London like Buckingham Palace, the Tower of London and
St Paul's Cathedral are gone by a huge number of tourist because this is one of the most
demanded place for tourism in the world and approx. 30 million tourists come in consistently
basis. Travel and tourism industry has landscape their structure very fast with changes of
people's choice, behaviour and their expectation. Changes in tourist and visitors expectation from
various places has made possibility for various changes in this industry (Dickinson and
Lumsdon, 2010). There are summery of various changes that has been done in travel and
tourism sectors for their visitors and tourists such as -
Initial time period (1830-1840):In this era sightseers wanted to see one of the most
popular market that is; Queen's Bazaar at Oxford Street in order to experience “The Royal
Clarence Vase” which was designed for King George IV in almost 1820. Apart from this, other
attractive fascination that was identified in this era was Regent's Zoological Park screening more
than 15 parts of real estate arrive offers the voyagers an mixture of tropic plants and intriguing
moving fauna.
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Time frame between 1870-80: Athletics formed out as some other enchantment for
visitors of London. In fact, in winters number of splendid places are there which seek the
attention of millions of customers towards ice-skating.
In the mid of 1880-1910: During this time frame most of the consumers are going for
research in order to investigate different societies and several number of displays were conducted
at places such as; Earls Court in West London, Crystal Palace in south London where visitors
can witnessed a broad mixture of component at diverse dragging down.
During 1920-40: In this time frame number of tourist started to went in Buckingham
Palace where they will beholder the dynamic of the display which occurred on regular basis.
Instead of this, another striking place where the voyagers wish to travel are; canine burial ground
in Hyde Park, Barrister's wig shop and sanctuary, sheep kept in Green Park and so on (Goeldner
and Ritchie, 2012).
Time of 1950-70: During this time period, most of the tourist are searching places which
were high in cost. Whereas, youngsters are loving to experience various adventurous places as
well as Club Tahiti on Shaftesbury in order to gain maximum knowledge about world
environment.
1.2 Structure of tourism industry
The tourism part can be separated into various segment since it is an enormous sector.
These could be ordered as said beneath:1. Transport: It has a most important role in travel and tourism sector. Through this source
tourism industry expends their structure more than any other things. This is a important
factor for not only travel industry but also for tourists and visitors as well. There are
various sources are includes in transportation such as- Airlines, Railways, Taxis, Cruise
liners and so on.2. Convenience: Another vital part of the movement and tourism division is the settlement.
Voyagers voyaging far from various facilities that they get from home so they want all
these things from the place where they stay and it comprise of various associations that
furnish settlement with additional administrations as nourishment, drinks and excitement
administrations to the guests. Inns, resorts, outdoors grounds are a few cases of lodging
gave by the associations.
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3. Data or correspondent: When tourist explore various places in another country than they
require some specific data of particular place that helps to provides essential information
and administration as: Visitors data focuses, tourism direct distributions, tour specialists,
visit adviser and so forth (Xiang, Magnini and Fesenmaier, 2015).4. Ministry: Government has partial possession over tourism industry but they have power
to make impacts on tourism industry since it assumes a critical part in tourism arranging,
prompting, advancement and controlling the business.5. Attractions: It have a major impact on the success travels and tourism sector because it
brings a attention of tourist on a particular place and helps to make it more popular.
Tourist attraction is the only reason to provide a more popularity of UK in world wide. It
is not about attraction of a particular place but also various facilities and services tourist
get is also attract them to visit particular place again and again.
6. Meeting and occasions: Large scale corporate endeavours lead gatherings and provides
various information of tourism in worldwide. In it, a part of this sector that direct these
kinds of moments contribute effectively because of size and cost engaged with arranging
these occasions ( Kayar and Kozak, 2010).
TASK 2
2.1 Function of government, governing sponsored bodies and international agencies in tourism
Government of a country play a vital role to promote travel and tourism industry in
effective manner. They have partial authority to control its factors. For it they made various
strategy to improve its previous structure and to provide effective services to tourist and visitors.
Strategic decisions are take and by government to provide economic growth through this
industry because successful tourism sector provides economy growth easily. They must activate
some segment for various micro and macro factors which is described as follows:-
1. Social
2. Cultural
3. Technological
4. Infrastructural
Advancement of tourist place for its kin and their future:
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Nearby authority: This is also a part of government who provide financial and legal helps
to resorts and lodgings in UK. All these tourist places are located at attractive and most common
place but their structure are very small to provide weffect9ove services to large tourists. So for
them nearby authority helps to promote their business to get higher economy growth easily.
Universal associations: These type of government bodies helps to promote tourism
sector on the internation level. For this it is very importation to provides effective and
facilitating services to tourist and visitors. For this process it is very important that government
of a country conduct effective and attractive package and cost for all. International monitory
need to provides security and safety for visitors to get get their higher satisfaction. Some of
travel and tourism industry comes in private body but they also helps to get effective economic
growth.
Joined Nations World Tourism Organization: In travel and tourism industry The World
Tourism Organization (UNWTO/OMT) has a appropriate impact to provides control and various
facilities in it.
2.2 Influence of local and national economy policy on success of tourism sector
For the success of travels and tourism industry local and national economic policy
provides effectiveness and future success easily.
In this process governments play effective role as if various resorts, hotels and tourist
destinations are located at attractive place than this will provides advantages to travel industry to
increase number of tourist easily. In this process various facilities and services that provide to
tourist also play a important role to promote travel and tourism industry of a country.
In other hand financial factor of government also provide impact on promotion activities.
If ministry of a country reduce its currency valuation and its rate for various countries than
tourist can easily get its advantages to spend small amount of currency in travel. In this process
fluctuation in the exchange rate of currency provides higher sanctification to tourist, visitors and
for travel or tourism organisations. Money related approaches, legislation and terms helps to
promote various local and international visitors easily.
2.3 Express political alteration in travel or tourism sector of various nation
Tourist is consider as a biggest business on the planet. "As indicated by the World
Tourism Organization, global tourists ‘arrival achieved 922 million worldwide in 2008 and is
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forecasted to achieve 1.6 billion by 2020. In that capacity, tourism is recognized as an essential
financial area for some countries."
Political bodies have a greater impact on success of tourism industry because all the
necessary norms, acts, rules and regulations are designed by them only which affects the
development overall sector. For example; if new laws are introduced by legal bodies then they it
may influence the growth of entire industry because they need to redesign their company policies
as per governmental bodies. However, it has been analysed that decision made by legitimate
team are highly affects the strategies of tourism company. Along with this, political instability
also influence the exchange of goods or services across international borders. As a result
minimize the profit an association which further affects the income level of UK. Basically, in
European marketplace governing bodies are responsible for distribution of power and decision
making process as they act as higher authority or act as a advisory body of a nation. Therefore, it
has been analysed that, any modification in governmental rules or regulation is greatly affects the
current policies of an enterprise as well as running of whole enterprise.
Hence, it has been analysed that, alteration in legal acts, norms, values, rules and
regulation will influence the tourism business of UK ( Papatheodorou, Rosselló and Xiao, 2010).
Thus, selected firm needs to designs their company policies by considering relevant facts or
figures and acts which was framed by governing bodies in order to prevent interest of various
employees as well as customers. It means entire corporate world needs to follow policy set by
legal bodies for removing exploitation from society. Generally, it has been assessed political
rules are highly beneficial for success or growth of European economy. For instance; if various
French family is hoping to travel Spain and UK, then they can definitely select Spain over UK
or that place where there is absence of visa requirement and any additional expenses.
TASK 3
3.1 Components influencing business demand
Travel and tourism section request can be characterized as a word which consist
variables administering the steady of interest, diverse kinds of interest, essential qualities of
interest or the thought processes backside devising these requests. Request is characterized as "a
calendar of the measure of any item or administration that individuals are ready and ready to
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purchase at every particular cost in an arrangement of conceivable costs amid some
predetermined time of time".
People are in charge of producing tourism request in a specific spot named "tourism goal".
Period and duration are a few variables which influence the request of tourism sector.
Travellers generally connected with the existent process of business enterprise allude to
the actual substance or in addition known as compelling interest (Hall and Timothy, 2013). Two
categorization of individualist who cannot venture out due to any circumstances. The primary
class of person includes the potentiality investigator who may go at a future time period and are
not prompt to movement at the existing intention of period. Forwarding, the generic aggregation
who delayed their movement due to various barriers in the supplying status which is illustrious
as deliver request. Inactive petition which is of tertiary category determines with the attribute and
worldly connexion of involvement at specific objectives. A some components which propel
persons to movement and create an curiosity for touristry business are recreation, enterprise and
involvement of specialised, health and care medication, spiritual travelling or different
individualist intentions. These changeable factors create an curiosity for comfortableness.
Contingent on the financial, mental, economical and governmental components travel or
tourism request could be characterized in different style.
Different variables that influence the interest for tourism are portrayed beneath:1. In the event that the wage of the customers diminishes, the interest for tourism drops.2. Choice or preferences of buyer:- It might be portrayed with an assistance of an
illustration. For example, if excursions leave style and shoppers trusts that it is smarter to
remain at home as opposed to getting a charge out of get-away at an outlandish goal the
interest for touristry drops.
3. The expenditure of integral products:- Air travelling is viewed as a enthusiastic decent
to touristry division, and when the costs of air movement ascends the interest for
commercial enterprise will in the end diminish ( Duval, 2012).
3.2 Alteration in supplying to fulfils the influence of demand
In tourism industry supplying of products means offering of necessary facilities which is
required by visitors while travelling process such as; accommodation rooms, guides, hotels and
the ease of acquiring permission from advisory bodies in order to roam around the world. In fact,
it has been identified that UK is consider as one of largest nation in providing hospitality services
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by having almost 15,000-20,000 rooms added in every coming year. Generally, it is observed
that around in 2008-09 most of the hotels are failed in surviving for longer period of time due to
decrease in customer demand which resulted in sale of maximum hotel land. After this,
governing bodies of UK are coming up with new norms, rules and regulations in order to
increase the demand of hospitality services.
Tourism supply can likewise be clarified with the appropriation theory in touristry
investigation. Therefore, almost four parts are identified in the annexation model specifically
providers of travelling benefits, the wholesalers of data, travel centre masses and purchaser.
Supply section involves four distinct components:
1. Common or condition possession which covers environmental mindfulness, creation
preservation and every day resources that are utilized to warrantee the maintainability.
2. Accumulated or natural possessions which integrated developments, for instance, water
supplying frameworks, waste movement frameworks, electrical cables, street, and so on
and other recreational offices (Standing, Tang-Taye and Boyer, 2014).
3. Conveyance that is consider as a basic components of travelling sector, as instead of it
visitors are failed in achieving any goal.
4. Cordiality is other asset that is vital to advertising.
TASK 4
4.1 Positive and negative impacts of economic, environmental or social factors of tourism
In development of social, economy and environmental travel and tourism provide their
own contribution effectively. Through this government of a country can easily develop rural and
urban area to promote tourists in country. There are some negative and positive impact of
economy, social and environmental factors such as -
Economical impacts:-
Beneficial outcomes: This is helps to build path of employment for skilled and capable
candidates. Through it they can easily provides their contribution in economic growth. When
people spend their contribution on products and services, this creates various effect to provide
job opportunities to people. In new generation each and every individual want safe and secure
job for their future success so in this process travel and tourism sector would provides them
various opportunities to get future objectives easily.
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Negative impacts: Tourist employment do not provides stable job opportunities because
his is a seasonal business in which candidate get a fixed amount of income. In job process they
do not get a fixed amount of pay on monthly bases their income is all based on amount of tourist
and visitors at their place. In travel and tourism industry locality take a big place for hotel,
resorts and restaurants.
Social impacts:-
Constructive outcomes: For a country, their tradition, historical places, craft and festival
and their culture helps to attract more visitor and tourist in there. This is a positive social factor
for tourism industry. For them it is very important that government of he country provide
humans rights to them for promote tourism sector effectively.
Negative impacts: Sometimes legal and unlawful issues negatively affect ion tourism and
travelling sector ( Garín-Muñoz and Pérez- Amaral 2011). For this government need to control
negative things such as drugs, alcohol, crime and crowding to build positive environment for
their own people and tourists.
Natural impacts
Beneficial results: Income which is generated by tourism industry supports in
maintaining beauty of natural things such as; preservation of flora or fauna, marines parks and
demand entrance fees. Therefore, it has been identified that natural products is highly beneficial
for tourism industry because it supports in generating maximum revenue.
Negative impacts: Surroundings get destroyed by tourism company as it affects the
natural materials in various manner such as; cultural sites, beaches and so on. For example;
pollution due to maximum traffic (Huang and et. al., 2013).
4.2 Schemes utilized to decrease the pessimistic influence by increasing the optimistic effects
Inadequately oversaw travel or tourism can seriously affect the surrounding of a traveller
targets. Basically, various other sort of tourism is denoted as eco-tourism is being embracer
entire that is reasonable for the overall environment.
Therefore, some of the systems are expressed as follows by which an enterprise get
succeeded in minimizing the negative influence of tourism:
 Advising travellers how they can support the affects on condition depressed by
instructing them about the targets of tourist.
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 Near public ought to apprehend that status insurance is vital for tourism and the benefits
from this division to the locality grouping.
 Number of visitors to a peculiar objectives ought to be regulated in order to remove harm
on the earth that would somehow or some other create the spot unnatural.
 Strict laws required to be enforced for realization of visitors what they are transferring to
the region and whatever they might reprocess with them without creating problem.
After that, tourism bring forward number of positive benefits that might be boosted to
heighten the supportability of world. Hence, these influence are described below:
1. Raising earthy establishment and arrangement.
2. Enlarged natural direction and attentiveness events.
3. Safety and necessity of status norms and power ought to be designed strides.
4. Monetary system grounds and seriousness to make nearby teams or security of the earth.
5. The regions that are affected by neediness and joblessness, fiscal improvement of these
zones ought to be accomplished by the legislature and locality organizations in this way
making brand-new work open ( Leung and et. al., 2014).
CONCLUSION
From the above report it has been summarized that travel and tourism industry is growing
in a fastest way due to maximization in consumer demand as well as diversification in culture. In
fact, modern individuals wanted to roam around the world. Major objective of this assignment is
to shows development and growth in tourism industry in coming time period. Along with this, it
has been analysed that advisory bodies plays a major role in preventing historical monuments of
UK from exploitation.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Evans, N., Stonehouse, G. and Campbell, D., 2012. Strategic management for travel and tourism. Taylor
& Francis.
Dickinson, J.E. and Lumsdon, L., 2010. Slow travel and tourism. Earthscan.
Goeldner, C.R. and Ritchie, J.B., 2012. Tourism: principles, practices, philosophies (No. Ed. 12). John
Wiley and Sons, Inc.
Xiang, Z., Magnini, V.P. and Fesenmaier, D.R., 2015. Information technology and consumer behavior in
travel and tourism: Insights from travel planning using the internet. Journal of Retailing and Consumer
Services, 22, pp.244-249.
Kayar, Ç.H. and Kozak, N., 2010. Measuring destination competitiveness: an application of the travel and
tourism competitiveness index (2007). Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 19(3), pp.203-
216.
Thakran, K. and Verma, R., 2013. The emergence of hybrid online distribution channels in travel, tourism
and hospitality. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 54(3), pp.240-247.
Hudson, S. and Thal, K., 2013. The impact of social media on the consumer decision process:
Implications for tourism marketing. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 30(1-2), pp.156-160.
AlSayyad, N., 2013. Consuming tradition, manufacturing heritage: global norms and urban forms in the
age of tourism. Routledge.
Papatheodorou, A., Rosselló, J. and Xiao, H., 2010. Global economic crisis and tourism: Consequences
and perspectives. Journal of Travel Research, 49(1), pp.39-45.
Hall, C.M., Timothy, D.J. and Duval, D.T., 2012. Safety and security in tourism: relationships,
management, and marketing. Routledge.
Standing, C., Tang-Taye, J.P. and Boyer, M., 2014. The impact of the Internet in travel and tourism: A
research review 2001–2010. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 31(1), pp.82-113.
Clift, S. and Page, S., 2015. Health and the International Tourist (Routledge Revivals). Routledge.
Garín-Muñoz, T. and Pérez-Amaral, T., 2011. Internet usage for travel and tourism: the case of
Spain. Tourism Economics, 17(5), pp.1071-1085.
Huang, Y.C and et. al., 2013. Exploring user acceptance of 3D virtual worlds in travel and tourism
marketing. Tourism Management, 36, pp.490-501.
Leung, D and et. al., 2013. Social media in tourism and hospitality: A literature review. Journal of Travel &
Tourism Marketing, 30(1-2), pp.3-22.
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