Diseas Process and Management Assessment 2022

Running head: DIABETES: DISEASE PROCESS AND MANAGEMENT
DIABETES: DISEAS PROCESS AND MANAGEMENT
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DIABETES: DISEASE PROCESS AND MANAGEMENT1
Introduction
The following sections will briefly expound upon the disease processes, assessments and
nursing interventions for type 2 or non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Discussion
Disease Pathophysiology
The metabolic condition of T2DM is largely associated with impairment in the potency
and not in the quantity of the insulin produced and is cause of increased insulin resistance and
decreased sensitivity to insulin (Zaccardi et al., 2016). Prolonged engagement in detrimental
lifestyle behaviors such as intake of a nutritionally imbalanced high fat, high sugar and high
sodium diet, coupled with occupational stress, sedentary lifestyle as well as genetic
predisposition and familial history paves the way for reduced functioning and damage to the
insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells and impairment in the hepatic secretion of glucose. This
results in failure of beta cell functioning and resultant insulin resistance at the peripheral levels
followed by lack of cellular absorption of glucose, hyperglycemia and metabolic effects of
T2DM (Rovira-Llopis et al., 2017).
Assessment
Blood glucose assessments of glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting and post prandial glucose
levels remain the first line of assessments where abnormally high levels indicate diabetes.
Physical examination constructs include: reduced leg and knee reflexes, decreased visual acuity
or cataract symptoms, high weight, waist circumference and body mass index, tachycardia and
hypertension and reduced sensation in the limbs. The patient may report bouts of dizziness and