Interventions for Diabetes in Older Adults: Physical Activity and Nutritional Control

Running head: NURSING ASSIGNMENT
NURSING ASSIGNMENT
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author note

1NURSING ASSIGNMENT
PICO(T) question
The research question for this assignment is:
Does physical activity related intervention with nutritional control is able to reduce
the diabetic condition in older adults within 2 months of application?
As per the world health organization, diabetes is one of the primary reasons for increased
morbidity and mortality rates across the world and every 3 in 10 people around the world is
affected with or at the verge of being affected with diabetes (World Health Organization, 2017).
As the disorder is associated completely with lifestyle related issues, control and prevention
requires involvement of the affected people and his or her determination so that this condition
could be prevented in those people (Inzucchi et al., 2012). Therefore, the question was chosen as
physical activity and diet control both are lifestyle related factor and to assess their involvement
in improving the diabetic condition of older people within 2 months of implication. Therefore,
diet control and physical activities were interventions.
Evaluation of research
There are several research evidences available that indicates towards the benefits of
physical activities in diabetic condition. In a research by Martínez-Pérez, De La Torre-Díez and
López-Coronado (2013), the management of blood glucose was primarily done by focusing on
the physical activity of the patients. The research revealed that due to exercise, the blood glucose
level is decreased in patient with type 2 diabetes and therefore, their rate of cardiovascular
diseases, increases the rate of weight loss and helps them to improve their overall wellbeing by
decreasing depression and stress (Avery et al., 2016). Besides there are several type of physical

2NURSING ASSIGNMENT
activities which can be used in the care process for people affected with diabetes and such as
cardio, stretching, walking, running and light weight or body weight workout, which is effective
in maintaining blood glucose level in people affected with diabetes (Powers et al., 2017).
The other intervention decided in the research question is also an effective intervention to
maintain blood glucose level in patients affected with type 1 or type 2 diabetes syndromes. It
should be noted that researchers has indicated and organized foods in two categories which is
effective in increasing or decreasing the blood glucose level affecting patients health and
wellbeing (Xu et al., 2013). Controlling diet and nutritional habit has been proved to be effective
in maintain diabetes condition and can help the patient by controlling his diabetic condition.
Hence, these two interventions have been chosen for this research assignment to maintain
diabetic condition in older adults (Colberg et al., 2016).
Research topic
This systematic review related paper is based on the interventions such as physical
activity and nutritional or diet control in patients affected with diabetes and targets older adults
who are unable to manage their diabetic condition (NCD Risk Factor Collaboration, 2016). As
the research question targets these interventions, in this section, these strategies and their
effectiveness will be discussed with research of Ngandu et al. (2015). In this research the
primary aim of the researchers was to determine the effectiveness of a 2 year multi-domain
research intervention, like the chosen intervention group for this assessment and implementation
of physical activity and dietary interventions in elderly population and for this purpose, the
conducted a randomized controlled trail. This research process was double blind randomized
controlled trail and the participants were 66 to 70 year old patients having diabetes with

3NURSING ASSIGNMENT
cardiovascular condition and aging with dementia. Further, the research interventions were
provided to the patients randomly assigned to intervention group and control and compared
intervention group (Basu et al., 2013). The study was ethically competence as the patients were
provided with consent letters to provide their feedback about the process and also they were
blind to their groups, interventions and research process while conducting the process (Xu et al.,
2013). Further, the findings of the research determined that interventions related to these two
interventions indicated to the fact that the patients who were involved in the process were able to
improve their diabetic condition and hence, their health and wellbeing was improved. Further, it
was also determined that these interventions require complete patient support and involvement as
without that it was impossible to carry out these lifestyle related changes in the patients
personality (American Diabetes Association, 2015).
Literature review
This literature review section includes three articles which are primary research articles
and were included to find out the evidences to find the answer to research question and in the
course this section will critically discuss the reference of other literatures to authenticate or
validate the findings. It should be mentioned in this context that there are less amount of
literature articles using which the interventions and its effectiveness could be determined. In this
course, three primary research articles will be chosen in which one is randomized controlled trail,
patient centered observational approach, and one patient centered recommendation approach was
chosen for discussion in this section (Colberg et al., 2016).
The first article was by Inzucchi et al. (2012), in which the researchers conducted and
patient centered observational study across countries and continents to determine effectiveness of