Role of Cholesterol in Heart Disease PDF

Diseases caused by high cholesterol
Introduction
In this study we analyzed a medical data to check the impact of cholesterol on different diseases
in human beings. You could be at an elevated risk of having other medical problems if you have
high cholesterol. The narrowing of your blood vessels is related to this risk. Coronary heart
disease, stroke, peripheral arterial disease, type 2 diabetes, and high blood pressure are all
diseases linked to high cholesterol.
What disease can be caused by high cholesterol?
Coronary heart disease
Coronary heart disease is the primary factor associated with elevated cholesterol (CHD). Your
blood cholesterol level has a big effect on your risk of heart disease. Cholesterol that is too
strong builds up on the insides of your arteries. Atherosclerosis is the product of this
accumulation over time. As a result of this disorder, arteries narrow, and the narrowed blood
vessels limit blood flow.
Peripheral arterial disease
High cholesterol has also been related to peripheral arterial disease (PAD), which is a category of
diseases that affect blood vessels outside of the heart and brain. Fatty deposits develop along
artery walls in PAD, obstructing blood flow, especially in the arteries leading to the legs and
feet. Kidney arteries are also susceptible to damage.
Type 2 diabetes
Since diabetes can affect various cholesterol levels, type 2 diabetes is another disease linked to
high cholesterol. Even if blood sugar regulation is fine, people with diabetes have higher
triglycerides, lower HDL, and often higher low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (LDL).
Atherosclerosis is more likely to develop as a result of this.
High blood pressure
Hypertension (high blood pressure) and high cholesterol are also related. As cholesterol plaque
and calcium build up in the arteries, the heart has to work even harder to pump blood into them
(atherosclerosis). As a result, blood pressure increases to dangerously high levels.

Research Questions
To access the impact of Cholesterol on above mention diseases we make the following
hypothesis.
H1 :Thereisnoassociationbetweendiabaties∧cholesterollevel.
H2 :Thereisnoassociationbetweenblood preure∧cholesterollevel .
H3 :Thereisnoassociationbetweensmoking∧cholesterollevel.
H4 :Thereisnoassociationbetweenangina∧cholesterollevel.
Statistical Analysis:
To check the association between all these variables we used chi square test. Ans also perform
logistic regression to check the impact of age, cholesterol, blood pressure, angina and smoking
on diabetes.
Chi- square test
Chi square test is used to check the independence of two variables are to check the association
between two variables.
Results
1.
diabetes * choles Crosstabulation
Count
choles
Total0 1
diabetes 0 5500 3739 9239
1 434 327 761
Total 5934 4066 10000
Interpretation:
From the above crosstab we can see that out of 5934 patient 5500 people who are not suffering
from cholesterol disease also not a patient of diabetes. 434 people who are not suffering from
cholesterol disease also a patient of diabetes. Similarly out o 4066 patient 3739 who are suffering
from cholesterol disease not a patient of diabetes. 327 people who are suffering from cholesterol
disease also a patient of diabetes.

Chi-Square Tests
Value df
Asymp. Sig.
(2-sided)
Exact Sig. (2-
sided)
Exact Sig. (1-
sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 1.821a 1 .177
Continuity Correctionb 1.719 1 .190
Likelihood Ratio 1.812 1 .178
Fisher's Exact Test .179 .095
Linear-by-Linear
Association 1.821 1 .177
N of Valid Cases 10000
a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 309.42.
b. Computed only for a 2x2 table
Interpretation
By looking at the chi square and significance or p- value we can conclude that there is no
association between diabetes and cholesterol.
2.
diabetes * bp Crosstabulation
Count
bp Total
0 1 2
diabetes 0 1135 5868 2236 9239
1 72 266 423 761
Total 1207 6134 2659 10000
Chi-Square Tests
Value df
Asymp. Sig.
(2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 358.557a 2 .000
Likelihood Ratio 317.378 2 .000
Linear-by-Linear
Association 225.050 1 .000