Dissertation on Leadership

Dissertation

Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................1
1.1 Overview of research............................................................................................................1
1.2 Rationale for the study..........................................................................................................2
1.3 Research aim.........................................................................................................................3
1.4 Research objectives...............................................................................................................3
1.5 Research questions................................................................................................................4
1.6 Framework and analysis........................................................................................................4
1.6 Potential significance of the research....................................................................................5
1.7 Chapter structure...................................................................................................................5
1.8 Time scale.............................................................................................................................7
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW.........................................................................................8
2.1 Concept of leadership............................................................................................................9
2.2 Importance of leadership for Sainsbury to achieve competitive advantages......................11
2.3 Relationship between leadership and competitiveness of company...................................14
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY...........................................................................15
3.1 Type of investigation...........................................................................................................16
3.2 Research design...................................................................................................................16
3.3 Research approach..............................................................................................................17
3.4 Research philosophy...........................................................................................................18
3.5 Data collection method.......................................................................................................19
3.6 Sampling method ...............................................................................................................20
3.7 Data analysis.......................................................................................................................20
3.8 Accessibility issues.............................................................................................................20
3.9 Ethical issues.......................................................................................................................21
3.10 Validity and reliability......................................................................................................21
CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS................................................................................................22
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION.....................................................42
Conclusion.................................................................................................................................42
Recommendation.......................................................................................................................44
CHAPTER 6: REFLECTIVE STATEMENT...............................................................................45

REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................47
.......................................................................................................................................................49

Title: “A study on how Leadership is utilized to bolster the competitiveness in companies”
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Overview of research
Leadership consider as a process by which person influence others with the aim of
accomplishing objectives and at the same time it also directs the business in a way that help in
making it more organized and logical as well. In addition of this, leadership help individuals to
attain common goals and objectives in systematic manner. In this, leader play a significant role
in carry out the process by implementing as well as applying their leadership skills and
knowledge. With the assistance of this, they can easily lead and direct their workers to
accomplished their target in effective manner (Allen, Attoh and Gong, 2017). Along with this,
leadership is also consider as a capability of management to set as well as accomplish all the
complex task in stipulate time frame. It is one of the important function of business organisation
as it help in enhancing the productivity level of the company. In this context, a good leaders can
develop the process of training, self study, experience which may aid in influencing workers to
perform their best and attain their targets. A dedicated leader inspires their workers to perform
high level of teamwork which may help in attaining all the desired goals. This will directly
contribute in enhancing the chances of attaining competitiveness of business organization at
market place. One of the main aim of implementing leadership process is to encourage as well as
direct the workers towards the set goals so that they put their best for attaining the same in an
effective manner. Present research is based on Sainsbury, is famous and third largest chain of
supermarket in UK. It founded in 1869 by John James Sainsbury with the aim of attaining
success at market place. Company deals in hypermarket, supermarket, convenience shop and
forecourt shop.
Background of the study: Leadership is an important process for business organization
to increase the competitiveness of company. In this leaders responsible for directing as well as
encouraging their followers to put their best efforts in a team work. By this they easily attain
their set target and also increase their productivity level (Arasa and Gathinji, 2014). Effective
leadership directly impact on the workers and company performance which makes it positive to
attain competitiveness within market place. The main reason behind this is that leadership help in
inspiring others to engage with company vision that contribute in maximizing the workers efforts
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towards the set targets. Through effective leadership process company may easily boost up
workers productivity which positively affect on the overall performance of the business. For
leading and inspiring, leader use their skills, knowledge and styles as per employees performance
at workplace (Asrar-ul-Haq and Kuchinke, 2016). However it is true that by directing and
motivating to employees company can improve their performance and also sustain their image at
market for longer period of time. Without leading workers, they fail in effectively perform their
task so that is is necessary for a leader to guide as well as inspire employees so that they easily
perform their best and also increase the chances of attaining positive results.
1.2 Rationale for the study
The research is consideration to identify the significance of entire research work which
provide value to the investigator in attaining the positive outcomes. The whole study is valuable
in nature in which investigator is responsible for determine the rationale of carry out the
specified research work. With the assistance of this, they can easily draw a valid conclusion. The
present research is carry out to determine the significance of leadership in boosting the
competitiveness of organization. As per modern era, every business face issues related with
employees engagement and inabilities of employees that negatively impact on the productivity
level of the company at market place. Thus, effective leadership is play a significant role in
improving workers performance at workplace in which a good leader is responsible for guiding
and directing the workers towards the set target so that they can perform their task in a team
work in order to attain all the predetermined goals and objectives. The leadership is important for
business organization for leading as well as encouraging team members to accomplishing their
common goals and at the same time also enhance their efficiency level for executing allotted task
and activities.
In addition of this, leadership and competitiveness is interrelated with each other as it
positively impact on developing productivity level of the company. For motivating workers,
leader is play a significant role in making them able to accept all the complex task and activities
that may contribute in accomplishing set targets in stipulate time frame. In recent time, every
business organization spending time for motivating the people to a higher level of performance
by developing their strong human relations (Babalola, Stouten and Euwema, 2016). Along with
this, leadership is also consider as vital component of effective management as it give
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opportunities to manage the team workers. This may directly impact on attaining positive results
within the organisation.
In this context, the main purpose of undertaking this research is to evaluate the main
importance of leadership for business organization to increase their overall performance and
boosting the competitiveness (Beer, 2014). Leadership is an effective and important part within
the company which help in supporting as well as guiding the workers about how to put their best
and complete assigned task in stipulate time frame. This is the main reason that company use
leadership so that they provide proper direction to the workers at the time of executing their task
activities. With the help of this, employees get motivated and encouraged towards the working
activities this may put positive impact in enhancing the chances of boosting the competitiveness
in company. This will contribute in establishing the positive image at market place. By carry out
this research, investigator easily analysis the significance of leadership to improve their skills
that help them at the time of taking decision within the research. By this they can draw a valid
conclusion to improve the efficiency level of the entire research work.
1.3 Research aim
Research aim is refers to the important section of the research which provide a clear path
to investigator to carry out the research. As entire research is based on its aim so that it is
essential for investigator to set clear aim so that they can easily understand the nature of the
study. In this context the main aim of this research is “To identify the significance of
Leadership in boosting the competitiveness of company” A case study on Sainsbury.”
1.4 Research objectives
Research objectives refers to the concise statement that provide accurate and clear
direction to the investigator to undertake entire research activities in effective manner. Mainly, it
is related with what is required to attained by undertaking research activities. A clear defining
research objectives help investigator to identify the issue. For evaluating the solution, researcher
is responsible for setting a clear objectives that may aid in drawing a valid conclusion within the
research (Bejtkovský, 2016). As it is based on the research aim which may aid in undertaking
research activities in systematic manner. The research objectives are as follows:
 To Understand the concept of leadership.
 To identify the importance of leadership for Sainsbury to achieve competitive
advantages.
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 To analysis the relationship between leadership and competitiveness of company.
1.5 Research questions
This section is related with particular issues or concern on which researcher undertake the
research. In addition of this, all the questions are based on set research objectives in attaining
positive outcomes (Biswas and Suar, 2016). As per this part, investigator undertake literature
review which includes views and opinion of different authors. In this regards, some research
questions are as follows:
 What is the concept of leadership?
 How leadership is important and beneficial for Sainsbury to achieve competitive
advantages?
 What is the relationship between leadership and competitiveness of company.
1.6 Framework and analysis
This section is also play a significant role in drawing a valid conclusion by undertaking
the whole research. Framework and analysis includes detailed information which support in
attaining positive reliable outcome. In this context, there are some tools and techniques that help
investigator to gather relevant towards the specific research topic and area as well:
Research design: The present study is carry out by using application of descriptive
research through which investigator collect huge amount of data and information towards the
significance of Leadership in boosting the competitiveness of company. With the assistance of
this, research maker can easily collect relevant data and information.
Research philosophy: For carry out the research activities, investigator use theoretical
aspect as it help in analysing the importance of Leadership in boosting the competitiveness of
company. For gathering the data, interpretivism philosophy is used by investigator as it is based
on social constructed environment (Blanchard, 2015). By this they can easily take valid decision
within the research activities.
Research type: In this research, qualitative type of research will used as it includes
analysing of collected data that help in attaining positive outcomes. Along with this, it also help
in drawing a valid conclusion that support in attaining set research aims and objectives in
systematic manner.
Research approach: To carry out the present research, investigator will use deductive
approach as it help in analysing the main importance of Leadership in boosting the
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competitiveness of company (Blanchard, 2018). As this type of data and information helpful in
enhancing the chances of attaining positive outcomes.
Data collection: It is important for researcher maker to select appropriate method of data
collection as it help in effectively gathering valid data towards the research topic. For this
research, both primary and secondary method will be used by researcher. For gathering primary
data, research maker includes sample of employees and on the other side secondary data is gather
through various sources such as books, journals, articles and many more.
Data analysis: For carry out this research, data collected through qualitative method in
which scholar use thematic analysis for evaluating the data. By this they can easily attain positive
outcomes by making themes and graphical presentation as well.
1.6 Potential significance of the research
Current research is based on the significance of Leadership in boosting the
competitiveness of company. This study consider as an effective for business organization to
determining the main role of leadership in enhancing the competitive image of the company.
Thus, company is responsible for effectively implement the leadership at workplace so that
employees can be motivated and encouraged towards the assigned task and activities. In context
of this, research help in understanding the actual need of leadership within the business and how
it increase the competitive image of the company. With the assistance of this, organization can
easily retain their workers for longer period of time and at the same time also make them able to
attain their targets. By carry out this research, researcher easily evaluate the effectiveness of
leadership in making an effective team which contribute in accomplishing particular goals and
objectives (BOGOVIZ and et. al., 2017). It help business organization to attain success by
retaining their workers for longer period of time.
1.7 Chapter structure
It is important for researcher to carry out the research in appropriate format so that
positive outcomes can be easily attained. As it play a significant role in presenting the whole
study in systematic way which help researcher maker in executing research activities in
appropriate structure. In this context, for undertaking this research investigator going to follow
the structure that mentioned in below:
Chapter 1: Introduction
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This is one of the important section in which research work is going to start and also
provide a brief overview of entire study (Bossle and et. al., 2016). Along with this, it also
includes research aim and objectives that help investigator in determining the issues in effective
way. With the assistance of this chapter, researcher easily evaluate the important concept of the
research activities.
Chapter 2: Literature review
This section comes after completing the introduction section as it give important data and
information about the research topic. Mainly, it is related with secondary sources in which data
collected from books, journals, articles, news paper and another published sources that help in
making strong base of dissertation. Along with this, different views and opinion of authors is
also includes in this section which is related with the research aim and objectives. With the
assistance of this, researcher can easily attain positive outcomes in appropriate time frame.
Chapter 3: Research Methodology
This section consider as one of the important because it includes various methods to
undertake research in appropriate way. With the use of this section, investigator can easily
complete the research activities. In this, researcher is responsible for selecting appropriate
methods to collect as well as analyse the data in order to draw a valid conclusion.
Chapter 4: Data Analysis
Under this section, researcher analyse the collected data in order to attain facts and figure
towards the research aim and topic. Mainly, it provide detailed information to investigator in
order to effectively understand the actual nature of the study. Data analysis provide support to
investigator at the time of taking decision within the research.
Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendations
It is last and vital section of dissertation in which conclusion is based in the research aim
and objectives that conclude the whole study ineffective manner. Furthermore, recommendation
is related with the improvement within the research (Boulouta and Pitelis, 2014). As it help in
improving the chances of attaining positive outcomes and at the same time also improve validity
of the study.
1.8 Time scale
It is one of the important aspect of the study as it help in completing the research
activities allotted time frame. In this, all the activities of research is set along with specified time
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and researcher is responsible for create suitable time frame so that they can easily execute the
research activities in systematic manner. With out time scale, researcher is not able to perform its
activities (Calvo-Mora and et. al., 2015). With the assistance of this, investigator can easily
undertake research and also draw a valid conclusion by reducing the chances of arising any kind
of issues and obstacles. In this context, Gantt chart is also play a important role in
communicating status of the research with managers which aid in ensuring that whole activities
of the research is on the track and also effectively completed.
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CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
This section is also consider as an important activity through which investigator gather
data and information about the research topic. Mainly, it includes various published material
such as books, journals, articles, newspapers and many more. All these are help researcher in
gathering valid and reliable information about the topic and area as well. In addition of this, it is
in-depth analysis of information that is related with the secondary sources. The review of
previous literature help in carry out the research as it sets a clear path for the investigator to
effectively gather the data and information towards the research topic and area as well. With the
assistance of this, investigator easily take decision and improve the chances of attaining positive
outcomes. The literature of research objectives provide valuable and reliable outcomes that
improve the efficiency of the study (Canals, 2014). Mainly, the research is undertake on the basis
of significance of Leadership in boosting the competitiveness of company. By this, research
maker can easily draw a valid and reliable conclusion.
2.1 Concept of leadership
According to Chahal and Bakshi, (2015), leadership is a process by which a person
influence others to accomplishing the target by directing workers for organizing them in
systematic manner. In addition of this, it is also help in influencing individuals to attain their
common goals. Mainly, leaders undertake the leadership process by applying their skills and
knowledge. With the assistance of this, leader easily motivate as well as encourage their workers
to perform their best. A dedicated leader is responsible in inspiring workers towards the high
level of team work so that workers can attain all the common goals in stipulate time frame. In
this context, while leadership is learned the skills and knowledge is processed by the leaders to
make workers more productive and inspired about the assigned task and activities. This will
directly contribute in attaining competitive advantage from its rivals. In addition of this,
leadership is consider as a most important element that used by leader to direct as well as guide
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all the function within the management. It includes an effective and organized group of people
who work together for attaining the common goals. In this leader play a vital role in organization
because they has power of leadership which consider the power integrating. The leader is
determine what is best in the group members and provide them task activities accordingly.
Mainly, he is a person who has ability to influence other to perform well and attain set targets in
allotted time frame. In this regards, leadership is consider as an ability to build up as well as
develop confidence among workers and at the same time also create positive relation among
them. Thus, it is a important for leader to exercise of authority with the of making effective
decision that positively contribute in organization in accomplishing set targets in systematic
manner. In context of business, it is a mean of directing workers with a strategy to effectively
meet the organization needs that lead in making brand image more competitive and famous as
well. Effective leadership is based on the ideas whether it can be original or borrowed. This kind
of ideas can be communicated with others in a way that help in engaging them and at the same
time also motivate them to act accordingly. It increase the chances of attaining predetermined
targets which may lead in establishing competitive image at market place.
According to Collings, (2014), leadership carry out the process which help in applying
leadership skills and knowledge through which leader influence and take action to encourage
their subordinates. Mainly, it is most important factor and art of motivating a group of people to
perform their best with the aim of attaining a common goal. This will lead in enhancing the
growth of the company. Furthermore, it is the accomplishment of goals by providing direction of
human assistants which assist in maximizing the performance to accomplish any kind of task and
objectives as well. With the help of this kind of ability of developing as well as communicating a
clear vision with group of people to make them able in perform their task accordingly. In this
regards there are some characteristics or feature of leadership that define the clear concept of
leadership. All these are as follows: All pervading/ present: It is one of the important feature of leadership that may aid in
ensure about the profitable outputs by evaluating the human activities at workplace. Optimizing the use of resources: It is also consider as a ability of leadership which
contribute in ensuring about the optimum as well as appropriate utilization of available
human resource at workplace to improve the overall performance of the company.
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 Existence of followers: In organization without leader followers can not able to perform
their task. Along with this, it is also not possible that a leader without the assistance of
followers. In this all the subordinates are lead by the leaders to make their performance
positive and productive as well. Co-ordinating agency: The main role of a leader is to established coordination between
the employees performance and department of the company in order to make all the
activities successful and appropriate as well (Donate and de Pablo, 2015). With the
assistance of this, company can easily improve the positive relation among workers and
leader. This may contribute in attaining set targets in allotted time frame. Full knowledge of the abilities of the sub-ordinates: The leader is to includes abilities,
qualities, attitude, experience and aptitude of workers before assigning them any kind of
job and task activities. In this context, the manager should be aware about the
characteristics and competence of the workers at workplace. It may improve the overall
productivity level of the employees and at the same time also enhance the positive
performance. Making policy and important decisions: It is important for leader is to make basic
decision and at the same time also formulate effective policies to build the positive
relation among all the workers. This will aid in involving workers in decision making
process of the company. It directly contribute in implementing effective and valid
decision in order to attain positive results at workplace. On-going process: In an organization, leadership is a continuous as well as on-going
process in which leader play a significant role in measuring the effectiveness of
leadership in order to attain all the set goals and objectives of the company in appropriate
time frame. Along with this, in case of any kind of deficiency leader of the company is
highly responsible for making entire necessary improvements through which they can
easily improve the performance level of the company and its workers as well (Farinha,
Ferreira and Gouveia, 2016).
 Related to particular situation: The main concept is related with situational in nature. In
this, leader of the company use leadership style on the basis of situation or
circumstances. Along with this, leader is responsible for evaluating as well as analysing
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the situation to decide the appropriate style which need to be adopted. This will improve
the chances of attaining set goals and objectives at workplace.
2.2 Importance of leadership for Sainsbury to achieve competitive advantages
According to Patel, (2017), leadership is a process of guiding as well as inspiring workers
to perform their best at workplace for accomplishing set targets. Mainly, it includes the ability of
management within the organisation to attain goals, beat competitors by motivating employees
towards the vision of the company. For attaining competitiveness, effective and strong leadership
is important for company to direct workers at the time of performing their duties. With the
assistance of this, workers are easily attain their target and improve their productivity level at
workplace. If leaders are effectively guide their workers then they maximize the output and at the
same time also reach on organizational goals. It has been seen that without leadership, business
elements lie dormant. In this strong leaders play a vital role in business organisation in enhancing
the productivity and at the same time also support in attaining set business goals and objectives.
On the other side, if leader is not able to lead their workers that it can negatively impact on the
productivity and wealth of the company. Thus, it is important for business organisation to use
effective leadership which help workers to analysis their strength and weakness to improve their
capabilities. This will help them in executing their working activities in positive manner.
Furthermore, one of the main advantage of using leadership is to make worker enable to accept
complex and challenging task to improve their efficiency level at workplace. With the assistance
of this, firm can easily serve their services and satisfy customers needs. This is the main reason
that organization can attain the high competitiveness. If workers are able in understanding
customers requirements than they easily provide them same in order to attain competitive
advantage from its rivals.
In addition of this, leadership help in encourages employees to not only follow the order
but also to be empowered, solution- oriented. It help in motivating and influencing workers to
attain their set target in stipulate time frame (Ferreira, Fernandes and Ratten, 2017). Mainly,
leadership three dimensions like inspiration, influence and guidance towards the common goals
and objectives. All these are provide better support to business organization to attain competitive
advantages. In this context, there are some importance of leadership for Sainsbury to achieve
competitive advantages. All these are as follows:
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 Provide guidance: It is one of the important aspect of leadership in which leader give
proper direction to their workers and also guide them through which they perform their
best and also tries to achieve their targets. Along with this, leader also ensure that
workers get proper guidance while executing their task activities so that they have to
perform their work activities effectively and efficiently. This will improve the
productivity level of the company and at the same time also attain competitive advantage
from its rivals by accomplishing all the set targets. This is possible when leader provide
proper direction to their employees at workplace. Motivates employees: Leadership is important for company in which leader motivate
their workers to work has and meet all the organizational needs. In this, a good leaders is
responsible for encouraging workers towards the business vision. For attaining the same,
they also inspire them to put their best to attain their targets. In addition of this, leader
also include workers in decision making, training and development and many more. By
this employees get motivated and also tries to put their best for accomplishing their set
targets. A leader is also provide incentive to their workers to make them delegated with
the task. In this they can motivate their workers with monetary and non- monetary terms.
By this they perform their best to get incentives. With the assistance of this, they deliver
their best to their potential customers which may aid in enhancing the chances of
attaining competitive advantage. Initiates Action: Leader is a person who start the work by communicating with their
workers about the policies and plan (Fleisher and Bensoussan, 2015). It may aid in
making workers aware about all the activities present in the business organisation. This
will improves the employee engagement and also motivate them to put their best efforts
to accomplishing their targets. Along with this, it is critical that leaders take initiate
action through planning out who will execute the task and when task will be completed.
Without planning they fail in completing the business goals and objectives. Good
communication among manager and workers help in improving the working environment
at workplace (Grant, 2016). This may contribute in accomplishing the competitive image
at market place. Builds morale and improves satisfaction: One of the main role of leadership is to boost
up the employee morale towards the allotted task activities. By this, they perform their
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best and also improve their productivity level at workplace. In addition of this, a good
leader is also drive the employee productivity by building the confidence in workers and
at the same time also develop a positive environment. This will contribute in making
productive workers at workplace that put their best efforts for attaining success. When
workers feels stressed then they feel dissatisfied and demotivated. Job performance and
job satisfaction is important for workers to accomplishing their target. Communicating new strategic directions: Leadership is important in business
organization at the time of deciding a new strategic decision. In this leader communicate
with their workers through memos, emails and staff meeting as well. This will aid in
increasing the involvement of the workers within the decision making process. With the
assistance of this, employees can easily deal with all the changes and at the same time
also adopt all the strategic direction provided by the leader for making them able to do
their best. By this, employees are easily engage with business activities which may help
in enhancing their motivation level. This is the main reason that company can easily
attain competitive advantage from its rivals and at the same time also may established
positive brand image.
 Encouraging continuous learning: A good leader is enable in directing workers and also
ensure that they learn more at workplace. If employees are learn more that they
effectively deliver the best which help them in attaining best results within the
organization (Hartnell and et. al., 2016). For attaining the same, leader of the company
also organize development programs and provide them better direction to make workers
aware about all the changes within the company. Along with this, it is also important for
employees to get opportunities at workplace by getting promoted and rewarded. By this
they feel motivated within the organization and also ready to take all the challenging
work. This will help them in increasing their learning towards the company and its goals
as well. With the help of this, employees do their best and also increase the chances of
attaining competitive advantages.
All these points are play a significant role in developing the performance level of the
company. This may aid in enhancing competitive advantage from its rivals.
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2.3 Relationship between leadership and competitiveness of company
According to Iturrioz, Aragón and Narvaiza, (2015), leadership is consider as an effective
process of influencing other to do well towards the organizational goals and objectives. Along
with this, it is also related with the art of influencing as well encouraging other people to put
their best efforts to attain the predetermined goals and objectives. Mainly, the concept of
leadership can be enlarging to consider not only willingness to work better but also with more
confidence and zeal. This will contribute in boosting the competitiveness of the company at
market place because with the help of skilled and capable workers, company easily perform their
organizational activities and at the same time also improve their overall performance at market
place. Thus, it is stated that the concept of leadership and competitiveness of company is related
with each other. The main reason behind this is that, leadership direct and lead workers at
workplace with the aim of making them able to take or accept all the complex activities to
convert into positive outcomes. Along with this, strong leadership needs to be at the heart of the
business organization because the leader is the person who has ability to influence their workers
to do something well for accomplishing their set target in effective manner. With the help of this
company can easily make their performance more productive and competitive. In business
organization, the concept of leadership play a significant role in developing as well as
encouraging workers towards the organisation goals and at the same time also make them enable
to understand how they can attain the same in limited time frame. This is the main reason that
company use effective leadership so that they can easily attain their target and improve their
quality performance at market place.
According to Khan and Fasih, (2014), leadership is play a vital role in business
organization in increasing the competitiveness by leading as well directing employees at
workplace for accomplishing the set objectives. In this leader is also responsible for making as
well as developing better coordination among all the workers with the aim of enabling them to
handle allotted task activities. This will also improve or build positive relation among employees
which directly contribute in making overall performance of the company positive and
competitive as well. For attaining the same, business organization includes various leadership
styles such as autocratic leadership style, democratic leadership style, transformational,
transaction and many more on the basis of situation. All these type of style help in improving or
handling entire business activities in systematic manner. Thus, it is important for leader to
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analysis as well as evaluate the situation that occur at workplace before implementing leadership
style. With the assistance of this, they can easily reduce the uncertainty and also improve the
productivity level of workers at workplace. In addition of this, leadership is also provide better
direction in which employees perform their task well with the purpose of making their
competitiveness and productiveness at workplace. Leader encourage their workers to perform
their task in a team through which they make their working abilities strong and also make
positive relation among employees as well. Working in a team is one of the important activity for
organization to achieve all the common goals set by the leader. In this, they also provide proper
direction and guidance to workers as per their requirements. By this employees can effectively
perform their task activities with zeal and confidence. This will contribute in increasing the
chances of attaining positive outcomes and at the same time also help organization to attain
competitiveness within their activities. As it is evaluated that both leadership and
competitiveness of company is create relationship which assist in making the brand image more
competitive and famous as well.
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research methodology play as a significant role in completing whole study in systematic
manner. Mainly, research is a careful inquiry by which researcher find facts in specific topic and
knowledge. With the assistance of this, researcher can easily attain as well as make positive
outcomes. In this context, it also includes various methods used by research maker with the aim
of analysing as well as gathering accurate information. The main aim of undertaking this section,
researcher execute all the activities in systematic way that may contribute in attaining positive
outcomes at the end of the study (Kim and Mauborgne, 2014). In this, researcher is responsible
for selecting an appropriate method so that research can be evaluated in an effective manner.
Along with this, investigator needs to determine the suitable method so as undertaking research
provide effective and valuable results. In this, researcher maker select appropriate methodologies
on the basis of research nature which provide a clear path to the investigator at the time of
performing its activities. This is beneficial at the time decision making of the investigation. This
is the main reason that, researcher needs to select the suitable method to undertake the research
in systematic manner. As the different methodologies are understood by following description.
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3.1 Type of investigation
It is important for researcher to select effective and appropriate method to carry out the
research activities. By this, research maker can easily gather valid and reliable information in
order to accomplish accurate conclusion (Kim and Mauborgne, 2017). In this qualitative and
quantitative are the different type of investigation through which investigator easily carry out the
research activities in systematic manner.
Qualitative research: This type of research is based on the scientific method in which
researcher collect data in non-numerical form which help in gathering accurate and reliable
information. Mainly, it gives support in developing the better ideas for potential quantitative
study. By using this, researcher easily uncover the trends to resolve the issue in appropriate way.
As it includes the group discussion, observation, individual interviews and many more that
contribute in understanding the actual behaviour of the people towards the specified research
topic and area as well.
Quantitative research: This method is used to determine the issues by using the method
of collecting the data in numerical form which can be easily transformed in statistical manner.
Mainly, this method includes the behaviour, opinion of respondents, attitudes and another
valuable data and information that can be collected from the large size of sample from the whole
population. With the assistance of this, investigator easily measure the objectives in numerical
analysis. In this context, data is collected through survey, questionnaire, interview and many
more by using the computational techniques. As it help in effectively measure the actual results
of the collected data.
For undertaking this research, investigator will use qualitative research methodology as it
help in providing detailed information in regards to the specified research topic and area as well.
3.2 Research design
Research design consider as an important set of method that used to gathering and
analysing the variables that specified in the problem research (Love and Roper, 2015). Mainly, it
is an arrangements of collection that help in effectively evaluating the issues present in the
research activities. In addition of this, it is used as a framework of method which used by
researcher with the aim of summarising different components of study in logical way. By this,
investigator can easily resolve the issue in appropriate and logical manner. In this context, there
are some research design such as:
16

Descriptive research design: It is an effective design in which researcher is determining
the situation within the research. Mainly it is related with theory based study which developed on
the basis of collect as well as analysis data in systematic manner (Mayfield, Mayfield and
Sharbrough, 2015).
Exploratory research design: In this type of research design, researcher includes their
ideas and thoughts which is based in the personal attitude and behaviour towards the particular
research topic and area. In this, all the description is relate to the unexplored activities of topic
that may aid in solving the issues within the research activities.
Experimental research design: This type of method is used to making relationship
between cause and effects of the condition. In this, cause is relate independent variable which is
based on dependents.
In this research, researcher use descriptive research design as it help in providing proper
description towards the topic in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the collected data and
information about the selected research topic.
3.3 Research approach
It is one of the important part of the research which is relate with plan and procedures
that develop by investigator to gather valid and reliable information towards the specified topic
and area as well. In addition of this, it also includes various decision that need to be taken in
research activities for drawing a valid conclusion. Mainly, this type of method is related with
gathering data, analysing and interpretation data which may aid in taking valid decision. The
main purpose of this research is to identify the issues that is being to be addressed. As it includes
two type of research approaches such as:
Inductive research approach: This type of research is start with the observations and
theories that is related with the end of the research process as a observation results (Morecroft,
2015). Mainly, it includes search for pattern from the observation and explanation development
that may aid in identifying the issue of the research in most effective manner. In this, no theory
and hypothesis would be applied.
Deductive research approach: It is related with the new theory that need to be developed
with the aim of analysing the facts and figures towards the research topic (Sánchez and Benito-
Hernández, 2015). Mainly, in this results are gather by observing the data that is related with
existing facts. This may contribute in drawing a valid conclusion.
17

For carry out this research, investigator use inductive research approach as it help in
analysing research in systematic and in depth way. This will directly contribute in attaining
positive and reliable information that support investigator at the time drawing a valid conclusion.
3.4 Research philosophy
It is related with the ways in which data and information should be gathered and analysed
as well. Mainly, it provide guidance to investigator at the time of undertaking the research
activities which directly contribute in improving the chances of attaining positive results at the
end of the research activities. Thus, it is important for investigator to select appropriate research
philosophy to gather reliable information about the research topic. In addition of this, the term
philosophy is related to the knowledge development which is depends on the certain assumptions
based prospectives of individuals. It is classified on the basis of different aspects such as:
Positivism: This type of philosophy is related to working with observable social reality.
As it is based in natural scientists that provide valid and reliable information about the research
topic and area as well. By this, researcher can easily draw a valid outcomes at the end of the
research. This type of methodology is highly structured that includes testing of hypothesis and
statistical tools. It is based on the quantitative method.
Interpretivism: It is related with the understanding human nature in which researcher
gather information by observing behaviour of the individuals. Along with, it is based on the
qualitative method. In this, investigator includes interviews, observations and another analysis of
existing texts (Sarti, 2014). With the assistance of this, research maker can easily constructed a
meaningful reality towards the research objectives.
Realism: It is refers to scientific inquiry that is based in the reality of the project by facts
and sense as well. In this objectives have individual aspects that contribute in analysing the
actual information towards the specified topic and area.
For undertaking this research, researcher will use interpretivism research philosophy
because it is provide in-depth analysis of data and information. In this research analysis
behaviour of individuals that may help in gathering accurate and valid information that directly
contribute in drawing a valid conclusion.
3.5 Data collection method
Data collection is a process of gathering information from all the valid and relevant
sources that help in finding the better answer to the research issue within the research activities
18

(Schwab, 2017). In this, research evaluate the outcomes by testing the hypothesis with the aim of
generating valid information about the specified topic and area as well. In this context, data
collection methods are classified in two method such as:
Primary method of data collection: This type of data is gather for the first time by
researcher through direct efforts for the addressing the actual issue of research. Mainly, it is quite
expensive as it requires resources such as investment and manpower to gather data and
information towards the specified research topic and area as well. With the help of this method,
investigator easily gather reliable information that help in drawing a valid conclusion within the
research. This data can be collected by various methods such as questionnaire, surveys,
observation, personal interview, focus groups and many more. All these are support investigator
at the time of collecting valid information towards the research topic.
Secondary method of data collection: This type of method implies second hand
information that is already collected and published by any other person. Along with this, it is
readily available from of data collection from different sources such as books, reports,
organization, websites, articles and many more. All these are help investigator tom improve the
chances of attaining positive outcomes that contribute in increasing reliability of the whole
research. Furthermore, secondary data includes various advantages like it is easily available and
at the same time also save time and cost of the investigator while carry out the research.
For this study, researcher will use both primary and secondary method of data collection.
By this they easily gather relevant data and information which contribute in drawing a valid
conclusion at the end of the investigation. In this, by using primary method, researcher prepare a
questionnaire that consist various questions asked by different respondents to collet accurate
information (Wright and et. al., 2015). On the other side, by using secondary method,
investigator carry out literature review that includes views and opinion of different authors
towards the specified research topic.
3.6 Sampling method
It is an important technique by which researcher select the sample size that replicate from
the original population. Mainly it includes different techniques such as probabilistic and non-
probabilistic sampling technique (Topolosky, 2014). Both methods are appropriate for researcher
in gathering information from different respondents towards the specified topic and area as well.
In the, probabilistic sampling technique includes simple random sampling which includes equal
19

probability which gives to respondents to analysis their views and opinion. On the other hand,
non- probabilistic sampling techniques is related with the convenience and purposive sampling
methods. By this investigator select sample from the population. With the assistance of this,
researcher can easily collect valid and reliable information by understanding participants views
and opinion towards the specified research area. In the current research investigator have used
random sampling method in which total 40 number of respondents has been selected.
3.7 Data analysis
It is consider as an in-depth analysis and evaluation of collected data which support
researcher to find out the accurate results towards the research area. By this analysis, researcher
an easily attain the success of the research activities. For conducting the analysis, the researcher
use qualitative and and quantitative means (Zhu, Sun and Leung, 2014). Both are effective
method, that support investigator to take right decision and draw a valid conclusion. For this
study, researcher use qualitative method to adopt thematic analysis. By this this, they can easily
analysis the collected data into different themes. This analysis support in generating a valid and
reliable outcomes and at the same time also increase the effectiveness of the whole research
activities in systematic manner.
3.8 Accessibility issues
It is related with the accessibility of relevant information and resources that help in
undertaking research activities in systematic manner. In this context, investigator focus on the
issues with less availability of information in which researcher is responsible for includes areas
to gather relevant data and information that may contribute in improving the overall efficiency
level of the research (Wang and et. al., 2014). Along with this, the main part of research is that
respondents provide information which may arise the chances of issues within the study and in-
front of investigator as well. For resolving the issues, research maker needs to includes enough
fund and time so tat they can easily access the issues arise at the time of undertaking research
activities. Thus, it is important for researcher to keep adequate fund and time to reduce the
chances of arising issues within the research (Ton, 2014). With the assistance of this, research
maker can easily gather the data and at the same time also extracting the relevant data and
information.
20

3.9 Ethical issues
Consideration of ethics is important for researcher at the time carry out the research
activities as it support in making whole research successful and reliable as well. In addition of
this, investigator is also responsible for involving all the parties and also provide then proper
attention while carry out the research activities as it help in reducing the chances of arising any
kind of issues. In this, researcher is also keep all the information of respondents confidential and
also ensure that no personal information is asked to the respondents. With the assistance of this,
they can easily maintain ethics in research (Wu and et. al., 2015). In addition of this, while
conducting research work it is also important for researcher to ensure that entire activities of
research is execute on the basis of research objectives. This may aid in increasing the chances of
attaining valid outcomes towards the research activities. Furthermore, investigator also make
sure that while carry out the research personal interest of any people not affected so that they can
easily consider the ethics within the research. For making valid conclusion, researcher maker is
responsible for gathering data from authentic and reliable sources which support them in taking
right decision in the research. Thus, it can be stated that it is important for investigator to
includes all the ethical norms within the study to maintain the reliability of the research and
make it more successful.
3.10 Validity and reliability
It is one of the important aspect of research in which researcher is responsible for
producing valid and reliable results by undertaking the research activities. This may support
researcher at the time of drawing a valid conclusion. In this context, validity and reliability are
considered as an important aspect in whole research activities. In regard of validity, researcher
needs to gather as well as extract information from authentic and valid sources so that they can
maintain the validity of the research and also may contribute in generating valid outcomes
(Taneja and Toombs, 2014). On the other hand, when talk about reliability of research, it is
related with similar outcomes that is generate in different circumstances in research activities. In
this regards, it is vita for researcher to select suitable method to undertake the study which may
beneficial in drawing the valid outcomes and conclusions as well. The current research is satisfy
the criteria of validity and reliability that may contribute in attaining positive reliable results.
21

CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS
Data analysis is consider as an important section of whole research work as it help in
undertaking in-depth evaluation of collected data and information. By using this section,
researcher can increase the chances of drawing a valid conclusion that may support in taking
valid decision in the research activities. In this regards, the researcher is going to attain the
research objectives by effectively analysing the research techniques with the aim of improving
the validity of the study. The investigator carry out the analysis of collected data by using this
section in which they adopted thematic analysis by which researcher can easily evaluate the data.
Along with this, the themes are created on the basis of respondents views and opinion about the
specified topic and area. With the help of this, company can gather as well as analysis the
information in more efficient manner. Mainly, the section of data analysis is generates the ways
in which research maker analyse and draw a reliable outcomes that help in solving issues arise at
the time of conducting research activities (Singh, 2015). It is possible by in-depth evaluation as
the researcher is able to attain predetermined objectives that contribute in making reliability
within the research activities. With the assistance of this section, researcher maker attain the
valid outcomes that support them in taking reliable and positive decisions.
In addition of this, the present research is based on the significance of leadership in
boosting the competitiveness of the company. This study is carry out for Sainsbury's, which is
famous retail organisation operate their business in UK with the aim of attaining higher success.
In this researcher use primary information which is generate by distribution of questionnaire to
the sample size of workers in business organization. For gathering data, researcher select 40
employees who has information towards the importance of leadership and its impact on
enhancing the competitiveness of the company. The questionnaire is analysed by the carry out
thematic analysis that segregated info various part of the research objectives.
QUESTIONNAIRE
Name:
Age:
Gender:
Contact no.:
Email address:
22

Q1) Do you know about the concept of leadership?
a) Yes
b) No
Q2) Is leadership help in providing proper direction to workers at workplace?
a) Yes
b) No
Q3) What is the main importance of leadership for Sainsbury in attaining competitive
advantages?
a) Creating confidence
b) Building morale
c) Maintain Co-ordination
Q4) How leadership contribute in making employees productive at workplace?
a) Setting clear goals
b) Developing positive relationship
c) Encourage team work
Q5) What are the different leadership styles used by Sainsbury to lead their workers?
a) Democratic leadership style
b) Autocratic leadership style
c) Transformational Leadership style
Q6) What are the main function of leadership taken by leader within the organization?
a) To initiate
b) To provide guidance
c) To bring unity
Q7) What is the impact of leadership concept of employees attitude at workplace of
Sainsbury's
a) Positive
b) Negative
Q8) What are the main challenges of leadership faced by leader while leading workers at
Sainsbury's
a) Guiding changes
b) Managing international stakeholders
23

c) Leading team
Q9) What are different ways through which leader can overcome from arisen challenges?
a) Provide training
b) Clarify role
c) Delegating authority
Q10) What is the main role of leadership played by leader in Sainsbury to improve the
productivity level?
a) Interpersonal roles
b) Informational roles
c) Decisional roles
Q11) What is the main characteristics of leadership in Sainsbury to enhance the
competitiveness of the company?
a) Inter-personal process
b) Group process
c) Situation bound
Q11) Recommend some ways through which leadership can easily enhance the
competitiveness.
Questionnaire
Q1) Do you know about the concept of leadership? Frequency
a) Yes 30
b) No 10
Q2) Is leadership help in providing proper direction to workers at
workplace?
Frequency
a) Yes 25
b) No 15
Q3) What is the main importance of leadership for Sainsbury in
attaining competitive advantages?
Frequency
24

a) Creating confidence 20
b) Building morale 10
c) Maintain Co-ordination 10
Q4) How leadership contribute in making employees productive at
workplace?
Frequency
a) Setting clear goals 15
b) Developing positive relationship 15
c) Encourage team work 10
Q5) What are the different leadership styles used by Sainsbury to lead
their workers?
Frequency
a) Democratic leadership style 20
b) Autocratic leadership style 10
c) Transformational Leadership style 10
Q6) What are the main function of leadership taken by leader within
the organization?
Frequency
a) To initiate 20
b) To provide guidance 10
c) To bring unity 10
Q7) What is the impact of leadership concept of employees attitude at
workplace of Sainsbury's?
Frequency
a) Positive 25
b) Negative 15
Q8) What are the main challenges of leadership faced by leader while
leading workers at Sainsbury's
Frequency
a) Guiding changes 15
b) Managing international stakeholders 15
25

c) Leading team 10
Q9) What are different ways through which leader can overcome
from arisen challenges?
Frequency
a) Provide training 20
b) Clarify role 10
c) Delegating authority 10
Q10) What is the main role of leadership played by leader in
Sainsbury to improve the productivity level?
Frequency
a) Interpersonal roles 15
b) Informational roles 15
c) Decisional roles 10
Q11) What is the main characteristics of leadership in Sainsbury to
enhance the competitiveness of the company?
Frequency
a) Inter-personal process 20
b) Group process 10
c) Situation bound 10
Data analysis:
Theme 1: Concept of leadership.
Q1) Do you know about the concept of leadership? Frequency
a) Yes 30
b) No 10
26

Interpretation: Leadership is a action and process of leading group of people within the
organization with the aim of making them enable to execute their task activities in more
productive way. The main concept of leadership is to lead and influence others to do something
well. This will aid in encouraging workers to perform their best and attain their set target. In
addition of this, it is also consider as a capacity of a company management to set as well as attain
complex goals, take fast and decisive action when required. It may also contribute in inspiring
workers towards the company goals and objectives so that they put their best efforts for attaining
the same. With the assistance of good leadership company and its workers can easily motivated
and at the same time also achieve all the predetermined objectives. It directly contribute in
improving the performance level of the company and also make it more productive. In this
context, 30 out of 40 participants give their views that leadership help business organization to
set clear goals and direct all the workers accordingly. This will put positive impact on the overall
performance level of the company. By effective leadership, leader of the company can easily
encourage workers to perform their best and attain all the set targets in stipulate time frame. On
the other hand, 10 respondents said that leadership encourage workers but at the same time it
also demotivated workers by making them unclear towards the goals. In this lack of knowledge
about the task and activities employees get fail in attaining positive outcomes.
Theme 2: Leadership help in providing proper direction to workers at workplace.
27
30
10
a) Yes
b) No

Q2) Is leadership help in providing proper direction to workers at
workplace?
Frequency
a) Yes 25
b) No 15
Interpretation: Leadership is an important concept for business organization in which leader of
the company give proper direction to their workers so that they can easily perform their task and
improve their performance as well. In this, good leader play a significant role in developing
motivating level of the employees by provide them proper information about all the activities
present in the organization and at the same time also make them able to handle complex
situation. This will aid in improving the chances of achieving all the positive outcomes. The
main function of leadership is to established the positive work environment at workplace in
which workers can easily perform their task and also make positive relation with their team
members. This will directly contribute in enhancing the productivity level of the company and
workers as well. In this leader has ability to provide guidance to employees while executing task
activities as it may contribute in reducing the chances of arising any kind of issues and obstacles
at workplace. It help them in making task activities successful in order to attain predetermined
targets. In this context, 25 out of 40 respondents are agree with this statement as they think that
leadership consider as an action through which leader influence their workers and also provide
28
25
15
a) Yes
b) No

them necessary direction at the time of implementing their working activities. This may help in
making employees more productive and enable in handling complex task in effective manner.
This will improve the overall productivity of workers at workplace. On the other hand, 15 people
are against with this statement as they give their views that, leadership does not provide proper
direction because sometime leader also not clear about the goals so that it negatively impact on
the organization and its performance as well. This is the main reason that workers are also fail in
attaining their goals in appropriate time frame.
Theme 3: Creating confidence is main importance of leadership for Sainsbury in attaining
competitive advantages.
Q3) What is the main importance of leadership for Sainsbury in
attaining competitive advantages?
Frequency
a) Creating confidence 20
b) Building morale 10
c) Maintain Co-ordination 10
29
20
10
10
a) Creating confidence
b) Building morale
c) Maintain Co-ordination

Interpretation: In an organization, concept of leadership is important because every employees
wants proper guidance and direction at the time of executing their task activities. Without good
leadership, employees and organisation not able in performing their activities. Thus, it is
consider as an important aspect for company to make their overall performance more productive
and competitive as well. In this leader is also play a important part in making all the strategies
and target that may help in attaining the allotted task and activities. In absence of leader
employees is not able to maximize their productivity because without leader they are not enable
in performing their task. As leader help them in giving proper direction whenever they required.
It positive contribute in improving overall performance of workers at workplace. Thus, leader ad
leadership is important for company to in which leader induce workers to work with confidence
and zeal through which they can easily execute their assign task activities. In this context, 20 out
of 40 respondents give their views that leadership help in creating confidence in workers in
which employees put their best efforts within the work. In this leader determine clear role to the
employees and at the same time also giving them proper guidelines to attain the goals effectively.
Furthermore, 10 participants give their views towards this theme that leadership is appropriate
for employees as it help in building morale of employees motivate to keep co-operation towards
the work and getting them into winning their trust. With the assistance of this, leader can easily
boost-up the morale of the employees at workplace. On the other side, 10 people think that good
leadership contribute in maintaining the coordination among all the workers while performing
their common task activities. Mainly, the main motive of leader of to work in a team and make
better coordination that directly contribute in increasing the chances of attaining set target in
allotted time frame.
Theme 4: Leadership contribute in making employees productive at workplace.
Q4) How leadership contribute in making employees productive at
workplace?
Frequency
a) Setting clear goals 15
b) Developing positive relationship 15
c) Encourage team work 10
30

Interpretation: From the above mentioned graph it has been analysed that leadership is an
effective action that may help in making employees more productive at workplace. The main
reason behind this is that the leader put their best efforts to make employees encouraged and
motivated by providing them better direction. With the assistance of this, they can easily
accomplish their target and at the same time also improve their productivity. In addition of this, a
productive employees directly put their best impact on the building brand image of the company
more competitive at market place because the performance of the organization is highly depend
on its employees. Thus, it is analysed that productive employees are the major part of the
company as they required proper direction and guidance to make their task more successful. In
this good leadership is helpful in establishing the clear objectives in which workers are perform
their task accordingly. This will directly contribute in increasing the chances of attaining
competitive advantage at market place. In this regards, 15 out of 40 participants give their
opinion towards the theme that leadership help organization in setting clear goals. With the
assistance of this, leader give direction and guidance as per the goals and also motivate them to
perform their best to attain the same. This will aid in enhancing the productivity level of the
company at market place. Furthermore, 15 respondents think that, leadership help in developing
positive relation among all the employees at workplace which create healthy and positive work
environment. By this workers of the company effectively done their task and also make them
31
15
15
10
a) Setting clear goals
b) Developing positive
relationship
c) Encourage team work

able to attain their targets in specified time frame. On the other side, 10 people said that
leadership is also encourage team work at workplace as working in a group is more beneficial to
attain all the common goals in less time of period. It also help in making workers more
productive and ready to accept all the challenges and complex task. This will directly contribute
in making employees ore productive which help in increasing positive brand image of the
company at market place.
Theme 5: Democratic leadership style is effective used by Sainsbury to lead their workers.
Q5) What are the different leadership styles used by Sainsbury to lead
their workers?
Frequency
a) Democratic leadership style 20
b) Autocratic leadership style 10
c) Transformational Leadership style 10
32
20
10
10
a) Democratic leadership
style
b) Autocratic leadership
style
c) Transformational
Leadership style

Interpretation: In business organization, different type of leadership styles were used which the
aim of making workers more productive and capable as well. Leadership style consider as a way
in which person uses power to lead as well guide other people to attain their targets. Mainly, it is
based on the number of employees. In addition of this, effective leadership style is based in the
leader function, situation and followers as well. As the specific situation help in determining the
most effective style of leadership which may help in handling as well as managing the situation
in most effective manner. Thus, it is important for the leader to adopt effective leadership style
so that they can easily lead and motivate their workers as per requirements. With the assistance
of this, employees can easily improve their performance level and at the same time also increase
employees morale towards the set goals and objectives. In this context, 20 out of 40 participants
said that democratic leadership style is more effective as it help in including employees in
decision making activities. By this employees get motivated and also provide their views and
opinion to their leader. Mainly, it is centred on subordinates contribution which may enhance the
productivity level of the workers at workplace and also make them enable in handling complex
situation. In this, democratic leaders holds end responsibilities but at the same time they know
how to delegate authority to other people who complete the project activities. The main
advantage of using this style is that communication is active upward and down word. Apart from
this, 10 respondents give their views that Autocratic leadership style is effective for business
organization to lead employees at workplace. This type of style is entered on the boss in which
leader holds all king of responsibility and authority. In this, leaders make decision on their own
without consulting with workers and subordinates. By using this, leader take quick decision at
workplace. On the other side, 10 people give their views that Transformational Leadership style
is related with the initiating changes within the organisation and team as well. This type of leader
motivated others and make them enable in handling challenging task and activities in order to
improve the performance at workplace. This will directly contribute in enhancing the chances of
attaining set targets in systematic way.
Theme 6: To initiate is the main function of leadership taken by leader within the
organization.
Q6) What are the main function of leadership taken by leader within
the organization?
Frequency
a) To initiate 20
33

b) To provide guidance 10
c) To bring unity 10
Interpretation: Leadership is a concept which consist various function that help leader to
implement within the organisation with the aim of boosting the competitiveness. Mainly,
leadership is a managerial function in which leader is responsible for motivating as well as
encouraging employees towards the set target with the aim of attaining the same. If leader
effectively execute their function than they easily make employees productive and capable to
accept complex task and activities. This may directly contribute in attaining set targets in
stipulate time frame. The main function of leadership is to encourage, motivate and build morale
through which employees may execute their allotted activities in systematic manner. It also
support management in taking right decision towards the workers and its activities as well. Good
leadership may increase the chances of attaining competitiveness within the organisation through
which firm can easily established their positive brand image at market place. In this regards, 20
out of 40 respondents give their views that the major function of leadership is to initiate. In this
leader has to initiate the action and at the same time also motivate their workers to follow their
directions. This may contribute in increasing the chances of attaining positive results. By taking
initiatives, leader can easily make employees productive towards the set targets. Furthermore, 10
34
20
10
10
a) To initiate
b) To provide guidance
c) To bring unity

people think that function of leadership is to provide guidance to workers as per requirements so
that they effectively execute task and activities. By providing guidance and direction leader make
workers aware about all the activities and chances occur at workplace. On the other side, 10
people said that leadership is also help in bringing unity among all the workers through which
they easily share positive relation with other workers. This may directly contribute in enhancing
the competitiveness of the company at market place.
Theme 7: Leadership concept put positive impact on employees attitude at workplace of
Sainsbury's.
Q7) What is the impact of leadership concept of employees attitude at
workplace of Sainsbury's?
Frequency
a) Positive 25
b) Negative 15
Interpretation: Leadership is both practical skill as well as research area encompassing ability
of person or the company to lead other people, teams and organizations. It is a responsibility of
leader to guide staff members in a right direction and motivate them, so that they can work in a
better manner. Under this, leadership has engaged as effective approach for managing
organization and staff members. It is necessary that relationship among leaders and team,
35
25
15
a) Positive
b) Negative

members should be positive because it will help in enhance productivity as well as sustainability
of business for long period of time. As per the mention discussion, it has been analyses that there
are 25 respondents which said that leadership develops positive impact on attitude of staff
members at Sainsbury organization. The leader treats its staff in a positive way and also develop
the better coordination with them. Under this, Sainsbury company uses the democratic leadership
styles and it includes the staff members in the process of decision making. It helps in develop the
positive impact on attitude of employees and they will focus on attaining the specific aims as
well as objectives with in specific period of time. On the other hand, there are 15 respondents
which said that which said that leadership concept of employee’s attitude develops negative
impact at the workplace. In this, the leaders are not give the proper direction and also does not
included the employees in decision making. It develops the negative impact on motivation level
of consumers along with productivity of business. It will impact on ability of firm to sustain staff
members, reduce motivation and morale of employees.
Theme 8: Main challenges of leadership faced by leader while leading workers at
Sainsbury's?
Q8) What are the main challenges of leadership faced by leader while
leading workers at Sainsbury's?
Frequency
a) Guiding changes 15
b) Managing international stakeholders 15
c) Leading team 10
36

Interpretation: In business organisation, leadership is effective for leading workers but at the
same time it also arise challenges in front of leader within the organization. It negatively
contribute in overall performance of the company and its workers as well. Thus, it is important
for leader to effectively perform the leadership activities in order to reduce the chances of arising
any kind of issues and obstacles at workplace. With the assistance of this, leader may improve
the efficiency level of workers at workplace. In this context, 15 out of 40 respondents said that
guiding changes is the major challenges of managing as well as understanding. A it includes how
to mitigate consequences towards the changes and also evaluate how employees deal with
changes. This is reason that leader fail in managing their activities at workplace. Furthermore, 15
participants give their views that managing international stakeholders is also a challenge of
leadership which faced by leader of the company. In this, leader fail in managing relationships,
politics and image as well. It may includes gaining the managerial support, getting buy -in from
another departments or individuals as well. It may negatively impact the overall performance of
the company and its workers also. Thus, it is important for leader to effectively analysis the all
the changes before implementing the style of leadership in order to build employee morale at
workplace. On the other hand, 10 people think that leading a team is also a major challenge in
which leader face issue related with team building, development of team, management of team.
In this they evaluate how to instil pride, how to giving support to employees, in what ways lead a
big team and what they needs to do at the time taking over a new team and group as well. This is
the main reason that leader face issue at the time of leading workers at workplace.
37
15
15
10
a) Guiding changes
b) Managing international
stakeholders
c) Leading team

Theme 9: Provide training is an effective way through which leader can overcome from
arisen challenges.
Q9) What are different ways through which leader can overcome
from arisen challenges?
Frequency
a) Provide training 20
b) Clarify role 10
c) Delegating authority 10
Interpretation: In business organisation, leader face various challenges while implementing the
process of leadership as it directly impact on the workers productivity level at workplace. In this,
leader is responsible for developing as well as evaluating the effective ways with the aim of
encouraging their workers towards the set goals and objectives. This may directly contribute in
improving the performance level and at the same time also may aid in creating positive work
environment. For reducing the chances of arising negative impact of challenges, leader may
includes various effective ways that may support them in minimization of the conflicts and at the
same time maximise the workers productivity. In this regards, 20 out of 40 participants put their
views and opinion about the current theme is that providing training is one of the effective way
by which leader may improve the workers performance at workplace and make them able to
38
20
10
10
a) Provide training
b) Clarify role
c) Delegating authority

accept challenges. With the assistance of this, they can easily perform their task with more
efficiency and at the same time also attain their set targets in stipulate time frame. This will
contribute in building employee morale and increase their motivation that may assist in
establishing competitiveness in the business activities. Along with this, 10 people said that
clarify the roles among workers is also effective way to reduce the negative impact of arising
challenges in front of leader. In this, leader is play a vital role in communicating with their
employees as per continuous basis and provide them all the necessary information about their
roles and responsibilities towards the work. By this employees can easily understand towards
their job responsibilities and perform their task accordingly. On the other side, 10 respondents
also think that delegating authority consider as an appropriate way to overcome from the
leadership challenges in which leader delegate authority to workers with the aim of meet their set
targets. Mainly, it is organizational process wherein leader divides the task activities among the
workers and at the same time also give them responsibility to accomplish the respective task and
activities as well. With the assistance of this, leader of the company can easily overcome from
the leadership challenges and also improve the overall performance of the company at market
place.
Theme 10: Main role of leadership played by leader in Sainsbury to improve the
productivity level?
Q10) What is the main role of leadership played by leader in
Sainsbury to improve the productivity level?
Frequency
a) Interpersonal roles 15
b) Informational roles 15
c) Decisional roles 10
39

Interpretation: Leadership play a significant role in business organization because with the help
of good leadership, company can easily enhance their productivity level. The main reason behind
this is that, the leader have capability to influence other at workplace to do something best and
well so that organization accomplish their target in appropriate time frame and also make
competitiveness within the organization. In context of Sainsbury, leader play their significance
role as per the situation and workers behaviour as well. Mainly, they focus on building the
positive relation among all the employees working in a team and workplace as well. By this they
make the way to achieve higher success at market place. In this regards, 15 out of 40 respondent
give their views that interpersonal role is an effective role of leadership played by leader in
which maintain the relation with their subordinates in order to encourage hem towards the set
goals ad target. It also includes three roles such as figurehead, leader and liaison. All these are
put their positive impact on the organization and its workers as well. Furthermore, 15
participants think that informational role is an appropriate role in which leader review the overall
performance of the company in order to determine what goes in the business and provide all the
important information to the employees so that they put their best to achieve their target. With
the assistance of this role, leader of the company monitor, dissemination and communicate with
40
15
15
10
a) Interpersonal roles
b) Informational roles
c) Decisional roles

their employees and give them final information through which employees may easily improve
the chances of attaining the positive outcomes. On the other side, 10 people share their opinion
that decisional role is important in organization in which leader take quick decision in the
problems and at the same time also include another person to distribute the roles. Mainly, it
includes entrepreneur, disturbance handler, resource allocator and negotiator as well. All these
are help leader in taking right decision within the organization.
Theme 11: Inter-personal process is a main characteristics of leadership in Sainsbury to
enhance the competitiveness of the company.
Q11) What is the main characteristics of leadership in Sainsbury to
enhance the competitiveness of the company?
Frequency
a) Inter-personal process 20
b) Group process 10
c) Situation bound 10
Interpretation: Leadership consider as an important process within the organization in by which
leader direct, guide and influence the workers behaviour towards the accomplishing the specific
goals and objectives in stipulate time frame. Mainly, it is a ability of leader to build confidence
among employees so that they put their best efforts for performing well in order to improve their
41
20
10
10
a) Inter-personal process
b) Group process
c) Situation bound

productivity level. This will contribute in enhancing the chances of establishing competitiveness
within the organization by making employees productive. Along with this, it also defined the
capacity to influence a group of people about the realization of a organizational goals and
objectives. For this context, leader of Sainsbury's required to develop as well as create a clear
and future vision and at the same time also motivate the employees to attain the same. This will
contribute in retaining workers for longer period of time. In this regards, 20 out of 40
respondents said that inter-personal process is one of the important characteristics of leadership
in which leader is influencing as well as guiding workers towards the set goals and objectives in
appropriate time frame. It provide support employees to improve their performance at workplace.
Furthermore, 10 people give their views that leadership is a group process wherein leader
encourage workers to perform in a team by including two or more people at workplace. In this,
all the workers communicate with each others to build positive relations. This may contribute in
improving the chances of attaining all the predetermined goals and objectives. It help in reducing
the chances of arising any kind of issues and problems at workplace. Apart from this, 10
participants think that situation bound is consider as an effective characteristics of leadership that
refers that there is no best style of leadership as all depends on the tackling with the issues arise
at workplace. This is the main reason that leaders implement leadership style according to the
situation which may support them in improving the performance level and at the same also
reduce the chances of arising any kind of issue in-front of employees. This will contribute in
making the performance level of the company more competitive and famous as well.
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
It is last and foremost section of the research work which emphasizes of valid conclusion.
Mainly, this section summarising whole activities of the study which may provide support to
investigator in analysing the research activities in systematic manner. With the help of this
section, research is able in determine the valid action for improvement in the research activities.
Along with this, various ways and activities are also includes in the research which help in
improving the activities contribute in drawing a valid outcomes. It also provide overview of the
whole research objectives, research techniques and data analysis to determine the outcomes that
present the in whole research activities. With the assistance of this, research maker improve the
chances of establishing the positive outcomes. On the other hand, recommendation is also play a
significant role in implementing improvement when required in the research to make it more
42

reliable and valuable as well. This also contribute in future improvement which directly
contribute in drawing a valid conclusion that assist investigator in taking valid decisions to make
research more successful.
Conclusion
From the above mentioned research it has been concluded that leadership is one of the
important for business organization to influence employees to do something well. With the help
of good leadership, company can easily make workers more productive towards the set goals and
objectives. In this context, the research is based on the significance of leadership in boosting the
competitiveness of company. As investigator undertake the research with the aim of evaluating
the significance of leadership for company and its workers as well. Moreover, it is seen that good
and effective leadership support business organization to attain long term goals by
communicating as well involving the employees in decision making process of the company.
With the assistance of this, employees get encouraged and motivated towards the assign task and
job responsibilities. This will assist in improving the overall performance of the company at
market place.
In addition of this, research is conduct on Sainsbury's which is the third largest chain of
supermarket operate their business in UK. The leader of company use various leadership styles
as per the specified situations in order to make worker more productive towards the set goals.
With the assistance of this, employees easily perform their task activities and at the same time
also includes in decision making process. This may aid in reducing the chances of arising any
kind of issues or also make their performance more productive and competitive as well. It is
evaluated that, employees can be productive if company use effective leadership at workplaces.
By this workers attain better attention and guidance at the time of performing their task activities.
As leadership is an in-depth understanding created by the leaders to make workers enable to take
challenging task for converting into positive outcomes. It help in making skills and knowledge of
the employees strong through which they can easily take right decision and improve their
performance also. In this regards, researcher includes primary information that accumulated by
way of questionnaire for gathering information from sample of respondents towards the research
topic and area as well.
An in-depth analysis of primary and secondary information define that leadership is a
process that help business organization in improving the performance level of the workers at
43

workplace. It directly contribute in boosting the competitiveness of the company at market place.
With the help of effective leadership style workers get motivated and also directed towards the
working activities that may support in improving the efficiency level of the workers at working
area. It lead in overall growth and development of the company because employees are put their
best efforts for establishing the set target in stipulate time frame.
Furthermore, researcher also analysis the data collection which concluded that concept of
leadership is also help in increasing skills and knowledge of the workers that enable them to
work hard to attain their set targets in systematic manner and allotted time frame as well. Thus, it
also evaluated that, it is more effective and also put positive impact on employees attitude and
prospectives. This may aid in accomplishing organizational objectives and target as well. Along
with this autocratic leadership is also effective for company as it encourage employee
involvement in decision making process of organization through which workers can easily are
their views and opinion with leader in order to make right judgement. Sometime, leader also face
issues while implementing the activities of leadership like Guiding changes, managing
international stakeholders, Leading team and many more. All these are negatively impact on the
overall performance of the workers and company as well. In this, leader is responsible for
managing as well as directly workers activities with the aim of making them able to work hard
and put their best efforts to make their task more successful. This will positively impact on
enhancing the competitiveness of the company at market place.
Recommendation
Above mentioned research is based on importance of leadership on increasing
competitiveness of the company. By undertaking this research, it has been recommended that
organization needs to implement effective leadership process after evaluate the effectiveness at
working area. This will contribute in making positive efficiency level of the employees at
workplace. Moreover, leader of the company should communicate with employees and also
involve in the decision making process through which employees can easily share their views
and opinion to leader. Moreover, business organization should includes skilled and good leader
to make their workers capable and enable in improving overall performance of the workers at
workplace and at the same time also direct them at the time of executing task and activities. It
may lead in attaining the set goals and objectives in allotted time frame. Along with this, leader
should evaluate the importance of leadership for business organization before using approaches.
44

In this regards, creating confidence, building morale and maintain better coordination is major
importance of leadership that support workers to established their competitive results and also
improve the performance level as well. Leader of the company needs to set clear goals,
developing positive relationship among workers and also encourage team work within the
organization. By this, company can easily make their workers more productive and efficient to
attain their targets in stipulate time frame. For attaining higher success and competitiveness,
company should use democratic leadership style, as it focus on encouraging involvement of the
workers within the organizational activities. It support employees to share their views and
opinion with leader with the aim of developing positive decision that may contribute in
increasing the chances of attaining competitive advantage at market place from its rivals. Along
with this, leader should support employees to take initiate in decision making activities and put
their best ideas to accomplishing their objectives. Thus, leader should give proper direction to the
workers as per their requirement so that they effectively perform their task activities with more
confidence and zeal. It may contribute in making image of organization papular and competitive
as well through which firm can attain higher success at market place. Leader should bring unity
among all the workers which may aid in establishing better coordination and relation. By this all
the team workers can easily communicate with each other. This will contribute in reducing the
chances of arising any kind of issues and obstacles among team members.
In addition of this, at the time of implementing leadership activities leader face various
challenges such as guiding changes, managing international stakeholders and leading team in
which leaders should includes various ways to overcome from all the challenges that faced by
the workers at workplace. These ways are providing effective training, Clarify role and
delegating authority. All these ways are play a significant role in enhancing the productivity
level of the employees at workplace. It positive reflect on the overall performance of business
organization by boosting competitiveness. Apart from this, leader needs to play inter-personal
roles at workplace which may beneficial in maintaining positive relation with their workers. It is
an effective way to reduce complexities that can be arise among employee and employer at
workplace. With the assistance of, company can easily enhance their positive performance at the
same time also build competitive image at market place. This can be possible by implementing
the effective and appropriate leadership within the business activities. By this employees get
45

motivated and encouraged towards the allotted working activities which may lead in attaining
higher success at market place.
CHAPTER 6: REFLECTIVE STATEMENT
This research is based on the importance of leadership in boosting the competitiveness of
the company. In this context, I am glad to carry out this research as it has provide various range
of valuable skills and knowledge to me towards how leadership is important for company. I have
learned about the leadership and its importance for business organization and its workers as well.
With the help of this research, I easily developed my skills and knowledge towards the specified
topic and area as well. Along with this, research provided me valuable insights towards the
company and the way in which leader implement the leadership process to motivate as well as
encourage their workers to improve their productivity level at workplace. By this workers can
easily improve their capability and ability to take complex task to put their best to convert into
more productive activities. In this aspect, I am enable in undertaking the impact and
effectiveness of leadership concept for business organization and how it improve the overall
performance of the company. This make me motivated towards the company and its activities as
well. By this, I can easily carry out further research that support me in improving the chances of
attaining positive and reliable outcomes. Furthermore, I can also said that this study helped me
out in taking valid and right decision towards the study. The research includes Sainsbury in
which a good leader set as well as implement the effective process of leadership that assist in
making workers ore productive and valuable towards the goals. In this, I seen that the workers of
Sainsbury can easily improve their performance by getting appropriate guidance at the time of
executing task activities at workplace. In this regards, the organization also understand the main
concept of leadership. In this leader of the company use various effective leadership style to
influence as well as encourage their workers to accomplishing their task activities.
Furthermore, At the time of undertaking research, I learnt the techniques and methods
which helps in determining in-depth analysis that directly contribute in improving the chances of
attaining positive outcomes. In this research, I face various issues related with time and
insufficient cost which negatively impact while taking end results. In this regards, I prepared a
plan that helped me in executing research activities in systematic manner which may aid in
reducing the chances of arising issues related with the time and complete the research activities
in set time frame. Furthermore, due to insufficient fund I developed questionnaire by using
46

primary method of data collection. It includes various questions that asked from the selected
respondents towards the specified research topic and area as well. This will helped me in
understanding the actual behaviour of the respondents about the significance of leadership for
business organization to enhance its competitiveness. Apart from this, I also helped in me
increasing my skills towards the qualitative analysis. With the assistance of this, I can easily
conduct a future research activities in appropriate manner and attain reliable outcomes.
47

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