Dissertation

BSc (Hons) Business Management Top up
BMP6001 Dissertation
An investigation into the impact of leadership over
business performance of an organisation
A study on Argos Ltd.

Table of Contents
Abstract i
Acknowledgement ii
Glossary iii
List of tables 27
List of figures 29
List of appendices 35
Chapter 1: Introduction 1- 3
1.1 Background to research topic 1
1.2 Background to research organisation 1
1.3 Research rationale 2
1.4 Research questions 2
1.5 Research aims and objectives 3
Chapter 2: Literature review 3-7
2.1 Introduction of literature review 3
2.2 Main body with heading and sub-headings 4
2.3 Conclusion of literature review 7
Chapter 3: Methodology 7-9
3.1 Research process 7
3.2 Research approach 7
3.3 Research strategy 7

3.4 Research methodology 8
3.5 Research instruments/tools 8
3.6 Sampling 8
3.6 Ethical implications 9
Chapter 4: Findings (data presentation) 11
Chapter 5: Discussion (data interpretation) 22
Chapter 6: Conclusion, recommendations and implications for further
research 23
7.1 Conclusion 23
7.2 Recommendations 24
7.3 Implications for further research 24
References 25

Abstract
Purpose – The purpose of conducting this research is to determine effect of the leadership on
the performance of Argos Ltd. Moreover the objective of developing this report is to know
the role of leadership in a company and it also provides information connected to the
importance of leadership in respective company. it is also developed for understanding effect
of leadership on the performance of staffs at the respective firm as well as it also include
impact of poor leadership on business performance of Argos Ltd.
Design/methodology/approach– The research methodology used by respective researcher is
primary and secondary. For primary questionnaire will be developed as well as in respect of
secondary information will gathered from existing article, book, newspaper and so on.
Findings – According to the finding of research it is determined that Argos Ltd need to adopt
effective leadership style according to their business operations as well as current situation
which they are facing. It is so because through it they able to improve their productivity and
performance.
Practical implications – Through respective research it is determined that leadership style
impact on the performance of a company so it is essential for company to adopt proper style
according to situation.
Originality/value – Respective research is initial academic study which is conducted at the
Argos Ltd in order to study their leadership style for conducting work. Moreover it is also
conducted to know impact, importance and effectiveness of leadership on respective
company.
Key word – The key word of the respective research project is Leadership.
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Acknowledgement
I would like to express my special thanks and gratitude to my parents and teacher to make me
competent and capable to do something valuable. I also want to thanks to my talented and experienced
supervisor that they give me their generous time as well as commitment for the completing of my
dissertation. I also want to gratitude him because he always provided his valuable time for helping me
out whenever I needed. I also want to thank him for quickly answered all my queries on email and
phone call, he always support me from the starting to ends of the dissertation project.
Furthermore, I would also like to gratitude all staffs of Argos ltd. who take out their precious
time for filling my research questionnaires because without their active participation I will not able to
conduct my research properly. In addition to this, at the last I want to thank my family members,
friends, relatives and senior at college for their cooperation, guidance and help during my research
project.
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Glossary
 Leadership – It is considered as method through which a leader will guide or lead another so
that they work properly at workplace.
 Mismanagement – It is considered as situation at which there is no proper work is conducted
at the workplace due to which goal is not attain.
 Discourage – It is determined as circumstances in which employees fell demotivated and do
not want to do work or any other think for company.
 Investigator – It is consider as person who conduct research for gathering information related
to topic.
 Legitimate information – It is considered as information or data which is authenticate and
reliable.
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Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Background to research topic
Leadership introduces as an art of motivating and encouraging group of people towards attainment of
organisational goals and objectives. In addition, it is an effective process used by business executive
for directing, guiding and influencing the individual’s behaviour and work towards achievement of
common goals within a given situation. Therefore, leadership is the capability of a leader to induce
the subordinates or employees to work with zeal and confidence (Al Khajeh, 2018). In an organization
it is essential that a manager or leader need to have leadership skill because through that they help in
doing business practices as well as functions in appropriate way. This will also aid in developing and
maintain proper and positive working atmosphere which leads to achievement of predetermined goal
and goal effectively. There are numbers of leadership styles which a manager or leader adopt for
conducting business operations and functions properly and effective such as autocratic style,
authoritative style, coaching style, democratic style, affiliative style and many more. It is also
essential that manager as well as leader must select leadership style according to the condition that
company is currently facing. Argos Ltd is a selected British Catalogue retail organisation operating in
the UK and Ireland. Along with this, leadership within an organisation plays a fundamental role by
improving business performance at marketplace. There are several importance of leadership including
higher employee morale, increased productivity, better decision making, building of inclusive
working environment, creating confidence, providing guidance, increased motivation and many
others. These are considering main significance of leadership that have positive impact over
organisational performance of company. Apart from this, there is some negative effect of poor
leadership that have effects on business’s capability to retain workers and lower employee motivation,
productivity and moral (Ladkin, 2020). These effects are loss of motivation to work, poor scale
performance, lack of ownership, mismanaged resources, poor work structure and evaluating poor
leadership. These are considering major effects of leadership that impact on business performance of
Argos Ltd in negative manner. So it is essential for the respective company manager and leader to
conduct analysis and develop proper strategies and plans through which negative impact of poor
leadership can be minimize or revolved properly. This is essential because through that Argos Ltd
able to attain their desire goal as well as objectives in successful manner as well as it also aid in
retaining staffs for the long time duration. In addition to this by adopting effective leadership
respective company manager as well as leader able to attain several benefits such as they able to
ensure that all the employees are conducting their work in effective manner. Through this
performance of employees as well as company able to increase this also leads to enhancement in
company profit and market shares. Effective leadership also essential for the employees as through it
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they get proper guidance related to work which ensure that work will accomplish on time as well as in
best manner. Along with this, implementation of effective leadership also help in ensuring there in
process there is minimum wastage for which manger and leader conduct planning.
1.2 Background to research organisation
Argos Ltd is a chosen organisation for this dissertation proposal. It is British Catalogue retailer that
was founded by Richard Tompkins in 1972 (Argos Ltd , 2020). Company specialise in selling of
consumer goods through its physical stores and online. Home appliances, audio equipment ,
television, jewellery, bedding, toys, sporting goods etc. are consider consumer goods offered by
Argos Ltd to its customers. Argos have made lot of probabilities or chances to its leadership structure
ensuring the promotion of managing administrator John Walden to chief director of parent company
i.e. Home retail group. Respective company conduct their trading through physical store or shops and
online medium. There are nearby 833 retail shop and there are 29 million yearly customers who shop
at the customers. It is also considered as one of the famous as well as largest high street retailers at the
United Kingdom as well as it has also nested their franchise in the overseas nations such as China.
The official charity partner of respective company from 2015 to 2018 was Macmillan Cancer Support
as well as from 2018 the official charity partner is The Alzheimer’s Society. Respective company has
numbers of competitors such as N Brown Group Plc., Coldwater Creek Inc., Leon’s, Pick ‘n Pay,
Superdrug. (Bratton, 2020) LTD commodities, Bluestem Group and many more. In this organisation,
leadership plays an important and significant role by providing accurate guidance to the each
employee. As proper guidance from leader will be beneficial for employee as they work in effective
and systematic manner. This turn to support Argos Ltd in improvement of it’s business performance
and also in accomplishment of long term goals and objectives in lesser time period. In addition to this
it is essential for respective company management to adopt proper leadership style or strategies as that
will help in handling situation as well as issues in effective manner. For which respective company
manager and leader need to determine and analyse which leadership such as autocratic style,
authoritative style, coaching style, democratic style, affiliative style and many more is appropriate for
their business operations and functions. It is essential for them because that will help them in
developing effective decision as well as planning that may leads to enhancement in performance and
productivity which directly linked with increase in sales as well as profitability ratio. Along with this,
selection of best leadership style is beneficial for both company and employees because through it
company able to attain their pre determined goal as well as enhance their profitability. On the other
hand it is beneficial for employees because they able to get proper guidance which enhances their
working style as well as that also minimize errors.
1.3 Research rationale
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Main reason behind selecting this topic or research is to analyse the advantages and disadvantages of
leadership and its impact on business performance of company. Leadership is a main part of company
that plays very important role in improving performance and productivity of an organisation. This
research is impotent at personal well as professional level. At personal level, this investigation
supports researcher by improving its researcher skills i.e. literature review skill, data collection skill,
time management skill, data analysis and many other relevant to the study. At professional level, this
topic helps in increasing awareness about the different types of leadership styles and its impact on
performance and ability of companies. As it is an important topic that helps at different level and
enhances awareness among people, organisations and societies about the role of leadership (Arain,
2018). By conducting respective research, project manager able to provide recommendation to
respective firm as that will aid then in effectively implementation of the leadership activities in proper
manner. Moreover it will also help in enhancing their performance in effective manner which lead to
attainment of desire objective effectively. Along with this, it also provide data or information which is
based on how this firm can increase its employees’ performance so that they will accomplish the
allotted work in best manner as well as with minimum wastage. As through it company expenses get
decrease as well as it also lead to achievement of goal impressively. By this research project manager
able to determine negative effect of the poor leadership on performance and productivity. On the other
hand, by conducting respective research researcher of respective research also want enhance their
skills, abilities and capabilities related to similar topic so that they can conduct more effective
research in the future. This will also help investigator to understand which data collection methods is
more appropriate for the respective types of research accordingly which they can conduct planning as
well as analysis. Moreover, it will also enhance researcher understanding as well as knowledge related
to the role of leadership at workplace of a company and it also help them in understanding
significance of leadership for enhancing business performance. This research also help researcher in
determining how different leadership styles impact on company’s employees performance as well as it
also aid in understanding negative impact of poor leadership on company performance and
productivity.
1.4 Research question (s)
Research question or questions are considered as list of questions which researcher wants to
identify by conducting research activities. This will help researcher in providing recommendation to
company according to outcome.
 What is the role of leadership at workplace of an organisation?
 What is the significance of leadership for enhancing business performance of Argos Ltd.?
 How leadership styles effect on Argos Ltd and performance of its employee?
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 What is the negative impact of poor leadership on performance and productivity of Argos
Ltd?
1.5 Research aims and objectives
Research Aim
Research aim is determine as factor which expresses the intention or aspiration of the
researcher and its study. It is also considered as summary form which is accomplish in single sentence
related to what researcher is hoping to attain through the respective research project.
Main aim of this proposal is “To determine the impact of leadership on organisational
performance. A study on Argos Ltd.
Research Objectives:
Research objectives are considered as points which researcher want to evaluate in order to get
outcome of the research so that they can provide recommendations to the company. In this researcher
mainly develop the different aspects related to aim which they want to evaluate in the research.
 To identify the role of leadership in context of an organisation.
 To identify the importance of leadership in improving business performance of Argos Ltd.
 To analyse the effect of leadership styles on Argos Ltd and its employee’s performance.
 To ascertain impact of poor leadership on business performance of Argos Ltd.
Chapter 2: Literature review
2.1 Introduction of literature review
Literature review is also known as narrative review which is considered as a type of article review. It
is determined as scholarly paper which presents current understanding and knowledge which include
theoretical, methodological and substantive findings which contribute to the specific research topic or
aim. This is also considered as secondary sources that didn’t include any new or original experimental
work. Literature review generally review the literature which may include parts of peer reviews
journal articles that present the new research, serving situation according to current study and many
more (Shields, 2020). Literature review is generally developed at the time of graduation as well as
post graduation according to which student’s grade is dependent. In respect of respective research
which is based on the leadership, literature review section will include information related to the role
of leadership, importance, effectiveness and impact of poor leadership.
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2.2 The impact of leadership over business performance – An
overview of literature review
The role of leadership at workplace
As per the perspective of Duggan, 2019, in an organization leader plays several roles
which help them in attaining desire goal as well as objectives in successful manner and it also
help in developing and maintaining proper working culture at the workplace. So it is essential
for company manager and leader to implement leadership at their workplace in effective
manner as that is effective for both employer as well as employees. There are several roles of
leadership at the workplace of a company, from which some main are mentioned below:
Figure 1.: Roles of Leadership
Source - Leadership: Leaders & Their Role in Organizations. 2020
Set clear vision – According to this role manager or leader of a company able to set proper
vision by adopt leadership. This is so because through proper leadership style a person able to
understand situation according to which they can develop strategies as well as plan for
attaining company’s desire or predetermined goal or aim successfully. For example by setting
clear vision Argo’s employer able to guide their employees that, what they need to conduct as
well as in what manner. Through that accomplish of work will done properly on timely
manner with minimum wastage and errors. This will also help in attaining the desire goal of
company as well as employees successfully.
Motivate employees – It is one of the important roles of leadership according to which
manager or leader need to motivate employees so that they perform their duties in effective
manner as that will leads to attainment of desire goal as well as aim successfully (Leadership:
Leaders & Their Role in Organizations. 2020). Through this employee also able to get
encouraged to adopt new strategies and plans by which company will attain their desire goal
successfully. For example when Argo’s employer motivate their employees which is a part of
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leadership then employees feel motivated as well as encouraged that enhance their
performance. Through this company able to adopt new technology or change easy as
employees are always ready and encouraged to work as they feel motivated. This will also
enhance their performance through which company able to attain desire goal.
Guide employees – Implementation of effective leadership leads to situation which guides
employees while they are performing their duties. Through this management able to guide or
coach their staffs so that they perform their allotted task in effective manner as that will help
in attaining desire goal as well as objective successfully. In addition to this, it will also lead to
avoiding or minimising error in the process which also helps in reduces wastage of resource
and cost. For example when employers of Argo’s company guide their employees they able
to know how to conduct specific work so that there will be minimum wastage as well as work
will accomplish in less time. Along with this, when an employees get proper guidance at the
workplace they feel motivated as well as encouraged which enhance their performance and
job satisfaction successfully. This is beneficial for company as they able to attain their desire
goal successfully.
Encouraging team work – It is also role of leadership through it management of a company
able to encourage team work according to which employees will divided into team and after
that they will conduct their allotted work respectively (Leithwood, Harrisand Hopkins, 2020).
By encouraging team work they also able to ensure that there is positive working
environment at the workplace which leads to attainment of desire goal successfully and
effectively. For instance when Argo's boss encourage their workers which is a piece of
administration then representatives feel supported just as rouse that upgrade their exhibition.
Through this organization ready to receive new innovation or change simple as
representatives are consistently prepared and urged to function as they feel encouraged. This
will likewise improve their exhibition through which organization ready to achieve want
objective.
Discussion – According to this role leader of a company need to conduct discussion along
with their employees because through that they able to understand their feeling according to
which decision can be developed. Moreover conducting discussion also help in understanding
the need as well as demand of the staffs in effective manner. For example when manager and
leader of Argo’s involve their employees in decision making process they feel motivated as
well as encourage as they feel valuable at the workplace. This will also help manager to get
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new ideas from the employees who may enhance their performance as well as productivity of
firm which leads to high profit.
Creative – In respect of this role of the leader, they must be creative in nature as that will help
in developing effective as well as proper decision. Being creative as well as innovate aid a
company leader to identify best decision so that firm conduct their work properly and it also
help them in attaining their desire goal successfully. For instance it is considered as role of
Argo’s leader to conduct proper market analysis and evaluation as that will help them in
determining aspects in which they can conduct innovation or creativity. This will help firm in
attracting more and more customers and it also enhance the motivation level of employees
successfully.
These are the main role of leadership which help a company in attaining their desire
goal as well as objectives successfully.
The significance of leadership for enhancing business performance
According to the perspective of Tasneem, 2020, leadership is considered as process
according to which people influence other. Through it managerial authority who are enriched
with the good leadership quality able to employees start cooperation which leads to
attainment of desire goal successfully. There are several significance of leadership that
enhance business person of Argos Ltd. while conducting their business operations and
functions successfully, from which some main significance are mentioned below:-
Enhance motivate and moral of staff - By implementing effective leadership at the workplace
employer able to motivate as well as increase moral of staff which leads to accomplishment
of work in effective as well as appropriate way. In addition to this, by adopting effective
leadership a company able to enhance their employees’ performance as well as productivity
that directly leads to increase in profit ratio and market shares successfully.
Leads higher performance – Initiative rouses the gathering to take a stab at accomplishing the
outcomes that are accomplishing the authoritative objectives. By expanding the degrees of
duty and inspiration, a decent pioneer drives the representatives to more significant levels of
execution. Better prompts expanded efficiency, which brings about expanded gainfulness,
even in a serious market.
Aid for the authority – Leadership is a procedure of affecting others. The minor utilization of
power by supervisors may not prompt outcomes (Leadership – Quality, Significance &
Leadership Qualities. 2020). Be that as it may, when administrative authority is enhanced
with acceptable initiative, representatives begin collaborating. In this manner, the
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conventional exercise of power may not bring about progress. Authority, when joined with
administration, carries accomplishment to an association.
Help in respond to change – By adopting leadership a company able to encourage as well as
motivate their employees that they adopt changes in their workplace so that there will be
enhancement in sales as well as effectiveness of employees. Though proper leadership style a
company employees adopt changes in effective manner which leads to accomplishment of
project successfully as well as it also increase their performance and effectiveness.
Help in adopting new technology – By implementing the effective leadership an organization
able to adopt change as well as technology as their employees feel motivated as well as that
will encourage them to attain their desire goal in effective manner. Effective leadership also
guide as well as help in adopting new technology or change in proper way so that attainment
of desire goal will be done successfully.
How leadership styles effect on Argos Ltd and performance of its
employee?
As per the perspective of Duggan, 2019, leadership style which is adopted by a company
manager and leader directly impact on the company as well as on the performance of the
employee. So it is essential for a company to adopt appropriate leadership according to their
business operations and functions. Moreover before adopting leadership style they also need
to consider current situation as that will help in developing effective decision as well as plan
according to situation. According to the author goal of Argos Ltd also get impacted due to
leadership style because if manager will adopt coaching leadership style then management
will guide employees in the accomplishment of work which leads to attainment of goal
successfully and effective.
Figure 2.: Leadership Styles
Source: Leadership Styles for PowerPoint. 2020
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On the other hand if respective company management adopt autocratic leadership style in
which there is no involvement of employees due to which they feel demotivated and
discouraged which affect the attainment of goal negatively. In addition to this,
implementation of leadership also impact on the performance of employees because if
manager or leader of a company adopt coaching leadership them there will be enhancement
in the performance of employees as well as it will also increase their motivation level (How
Does Leadership Style Influence Organizational Productivity?. 2019). on the other if an
organization adopt autocratic leadership it impact on employees productivity negatively
because management will not involve them in decision making due to which they feel
demotivated and discourage which decrease their work quality as well as productivity. So in
respect of author it is essential for a company management to adopt proper leadership style
according to their working condition, employee’s behaviour, business operations and
function. This is so because through it management able to enhance their there is
enhancement in employees productivity and company growth due to implementation of
proper leadership style. In addition to this adopting effective leadership help a company in
attaining the desire goal successfully because through it employees feel motivated as well as
encouraged to conduct work in effective manner. This will increase their work quality and
productivity as well as it will also beneficial for the firm as they able to attain their desire
goal successfully. On the other hand, effective leadership style also help in determining
issues and resolving it at the initial stage as well as it also help in avoiding situation which
may leads to conflict at the workplace.
What is the negative impact of poor leadership on performance and
productivity of Argos Ltd?
As per the view point of Vossos, 2018, in an organization if there is poor leadership them it
will impact their business operations and functions in numbers of ways. It may also impact on
their output both direct and indirect manner. Direct as leads to mismanagement of resources
whereas in respect of indirect it not take out the best organization members (The Effects of
Poor Leadership. 2020). There are numbers of circumstanced which show how poor
leadership impact on the performance as well as productivity of a company, from which some
are mentioned below in respect of Argos Ltd.:-
Decrease moral of employees – Poor leadership at the workplace leads to decrease in moral
of employees which impact to lack of discipline due to which staff not able to provide their
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best. This is so because when there is poor leadership the staff productivity get decreased as
well as their performance also get impacted as they are not getting proper guidance related to
work. Along with this when there is poor leadership then there is high chance that employees
feel demotivated as well as this may also leads to conflict among the staffs or management
because all want to do what they want to do which impact on the performance of workplace
negatively.
Figure 3.: The Anatomy of a Bad Leader
Source : The different impact of good and bad leadership. 2020
Resource mismanagement – Poor leadership skill not only impact on the staff’s performance
but also it affect management task as well. This is so because when there is poor leadership
then there will be no management of resource, not proper keeping of record, and
inappropriate management of human resource and so on. This situation will directly impact
on the performance as well as productivity of staffs as they not able to get proper
information, data and resource related to task. In addition to this, it is also considered as one
of the main issues which are experienced by a company due to poor leadership at workplace.
This is mainly taking place because there is no employer or managers who are bothering
about the managing things in proper way.
Poor productivity – According to this when there is poor leadership employees of Argos Ltd.
not able to perform properly as they are not able to access to appropriate resource, human
resources, information and so on. This situation will directly lead to decrease in productivity
as well as profit of the respective company. In addition to this, it is also one of the common
as well as serious issues which arise due to poor leadership because when there is
mismanagement of work or process then it will directly impact on the productivity. This is so
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because in poor leadership environment employees not conduct work in proper as well as
effective manner that also decrease company profit ratio.
Low productivity – when a company will conduct poor leadership their productivity level get
decrease because employees will not feel motivated as well as encouraged. This will also
decrease the market value of the firm as employees not conduct their work properly as well as
it also impact on the productivity level of the company. Along with this, it is also one of the
common issues which is arise due to poor leadership as when there is no guidance and
leadership, employees feel demotivated as well as discouraged which impact on their
performance. Moreover this will also leads to low productivity which affects the company
profit as well as market shares negatively.
These are the main issues or problems experienced by a company due to poor
leadership at the workplace. So it is essential for manager as well as leader of an organization
to adopt proper leadership style according to their business operations and functions. This is
so because it helps in conducting smooth functioning which also increases profit.
2.3 Conclusion of literature review
By analysing information which are discussed in the literature review it can be analyse that for every
company it is necessary to implement proper leadership style as by it they able to achieve its
predetermined goal as well as aim in effective way. This is so because through proper leadership style
a company can achieve their desire goal as well as objectives successfully. This is so because through
effective leadership staffs feel motivated as well as they get confident to conduct work properly as
well as it also aid in implementing new strategies properly at the workplace. It also analysed that there
is significance of leadership which leads to attainment of outcome successfully by enhancing business
performance because through it employees performance get enhanced as well as their is also increase
in profit as well as market shares. In addition to this leadership style impact on the company
employees performance so it is essential for the leader and manager to select proper style according to
their business operations and functions. Moreover there is also negative impact of poor leadership on
the performance as well as productivity of employees as they fell demotivated as well as discouraged
at the workplace.
Chapter 3: Methodology
Research methodology refers as specific techniques or procedures used by researcher to
determine, choose, process and interpreted data regarding a topic. Additionally, it is a useful process
used by investigator to gather information for the reason of making business decisions in effective
manner (Green, Camilli, and Elmore, 2012). Research methodology is considered as technique or
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process which is generally used by a project manager in order to determine select, procedure as well
as interpret information or data related to topic of research. In addition to this it is a useful procedure
which researcher adopts in order to gather data or information for successfully accomplishment of
their research project by attaining reasonable or specific outcome (Black and Morrison, 2020). This
may consist of several methods such as survey, interview, questionnaire, current or old record and
many more techniques. There are numbers of research methods which is used in respective research
from which some are mentioned below:-
3.1 Research process
Research process is considered as method which is adopted by a researcher in order to gather
appropriate information or data related to the research topic as that will help in attaining desire
outcome. In respect of respective research, project manager follow all steps of gathering information
that will start from setting research aim, research objective and research questions. After setting aim,
objective and question researcher initiate to gather information and data related to research topic i.e.
leadership as well as they also evaluate the data for getting appropriate outcome of research.
3.2 Research approach
There are two useful types of research approach such as inductive and deductive. For doing
this investigation, deductive type of research approach will be applied because it support in analysing
of data and information in form of quantitative. Research approach is considered as plan and
procedure which is used for the research that consider step from the broad aspect or assumptions in
order to detailed methods or process related to data collection, interpretation as well as interpretations.
The overall research approaches are total based on the research topic. There are generally two types of
research approach which a researcher may adopt for their report i.e. inductive as well as deductive
(Clair, 2020). In respect of respective research project manager adopted deductive research approach
which is considered as types of approach which is generally applied in order to support in the analysis
of information and data related to the research topic in the quantitative form.
3.3 Research strategy
This is an important section of research methodology as it facilitate in collection of data in
number of sources. There are different strategies of data collection including case study, survey,
grounded theory and many others. It is considered as one of the essential section of the research
methodology which facilitate researcher in gathering information and data related to the topic with
different sources. There are several research strategy through which project manager can gather
information, data or statistics related to the topic and aim of research such as case study analysis,
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survey, theory and many more (Sutherland, 2020). From all of this method in respective research
survey will be used as the research strategy. In respect of this questionnaire will be developed which
is main part of survey as that will be reliable for gather quantitative as well as authenticate
information related to leadership and other aspects related to it. The primary reason for selection
questionnaire strategy for respective report is that it save time as well as cots of researcher and it also
provide valid outcome of the research.
3.4 Research methodology
There are two different types of research methodology namely qualitative and quantitative.
Within a research, quantitative study will be applied because it facilitate in gathering of quantitative
and valid data about the leadership and its impact on business’s performance. Research methodology
is considered as technique which is used by a researcher in order to gather reliable and authenticate
information related to the topic. There are main two types of research methodology which a project
manager of research can adopt such as quantitative and qualitative. In respective research project
manager applied quantitative research methodology as that will help in gathering proper information
and data related to the research topic i.e. based on leadership in a company (Fowler and Walter,
2020). On the other hand researcher of this project not used qualitative research methodology because
it is costly as well as required more resource and time as compare to others methods.
3.5 Research instruments/tools
This is an important and significant part of research methodology as it support researcher in
collection of primary information from the respondents. There are different tools of basically two
tools of data collection i.e. interview and questionnaire. This is a significant and noteworthy piece of
examination philosophy as it bolster analyst in assortment of essential data from the respondents.
There are various devices of essentially two instruments of information assortment for example
meeting and poll. Meeting is helpful in gathering of subjective data, though survey is critical in social
affair of quantitative information. In addition to this current research is subject to quantitative system
and for social event such sort of data or information, survey will be utilized. In this device, specialist
will require to set up a few close-finished inquiries that go to help agent in assortment of dependable
and legitimate information from the respondents (Hartinah and et. al., 2020). As correlation with talk
with, survey is progressively proper as it not devour more expense and assets of an association or
examiner.
3.6 Sampling
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In order to select sample from total population, there are two sampling techniques namely
probability and non-probability. Both techniques of sampling are essential but for selecting sample
size regarding the current investigation, probability sampling will be applied. Sampling is considered
as method which is adopted by a researcher in order to select specific amount of audiences from the
whole population. By conducting sampling, researcher able to gather information and data in proper
manner which leads to effective outcome. For selecting sample from the whole population a project
manager may adopt two methods i.e. probability sampling as well as non probability sampling. Both
the techniques of sampling is essential for the researcher as that will help in selecting appropriate
sample size for conducting investigation, data gathering and so on in effective manner. In order to
conduct respective research project manager has used simple random sampling method as that will
help in gathering more appropriate sample size for the investigation. In respect of respective research
project manager has selected 40 audiences as their sample size as well as they is employees of Argos
Ltd.
Timescale
In order to measure time period for completion of research, Gantt chart is considering
valuable and most useful graphical presentation tool. In this tool, different number of activities has
been covered that facilitates researcher in finding of starting and ending data of each activity. As it
turn to assist investigator to complete full dissertation within allotted time period and in systematic
manner (Flick, 2015).
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Resources
There are number of resources that will be required by researcher for collection dissertation
systematically and effectively. These resources are books, computer system Microsoft office excel,
journals etc. These are considering useful and main resources for researcher to use and complete
quantitative study in systematic manner. In addition to this, there are some another resources that will
be needed by investigation. These are communication, time and cost. These are basic and common
sources that will be valuable for investigator in effectively and systematically completion of
dissertation. Therefore without these researcher, researcher not able to complete each task and activity
of study in efficient and effective manner (Kalsoom, Khan and Zubair, 2018).
3.6 Ethical implications
In order to conduct research in effective manner project manager need to considered several
ethical considerations as that will help in conducting their work in effective as well as appropriate
manner. Along with this, conducting research in ethical manner a person able to get authenticate
outcome which leads to attainment of outcome successfully. In respect of respective research project
manager will consider several ethical considerations such as they must collect information through
authenticate source as well as they also need to gather information in legal way. It is also essential for
the researcher to do not conduct discrimination with audience or members because discrimination is
consider in illegal aspects which impact on outcome.
Questionnaire
Name –
Age –
E-mail Id. –
Contact no. –
Q 1. Do you know about concept of leadership?
a) Yes
b) No
Q 2. Do you think effective leadership is important for company growth?
a) Yes
b) No
c) May be
Q 3. What are the roles of leadership in a company?
a) Increase moral of employee
16 | P a g e

b) Improve productivity
c) Develop vision/ aim/ objective
d) Create strategies for attaining aim
e) All of the above
Q 4. Did leadership impact on the business performance of a company?
a) Yes
b) No
Q 5. What are the importances of leadership in enhancing business performance of
Argos Ltd.?
a) It motivate employees
b) Improve productivity at workplace
c) Employees know to work under pressure
d) Increase emotional intelligence
e) All of the above
Q 6. How leadership impact on the performance of employees at the workplace?
a) Positively
b) Negatively
Q 7. What are the different leadership styles used by Argos Ltd. leaders and managers?
a) Autocratic leadership style
b) Coaching leadership style
c) Situational leadership style
d) Democratic leadership style
Q 8. What are the effect of leadership styles on Argos Ltd and its employee’s
performance?
a) Improve productivity
b) Enhance quality of work
c) Adopt new strategies
d) Increase employee moral
e) All of the above
Q 9. What are the impacts of poor leadership on business performance of Argos Ltd?
a) Decrease in moral of staff
b) Low productivity
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c) Mismanagement of resource
d) All of the above
Q 10. Does poor leadership at the workplace impact on the business growth of Argos
Ltd.?
a) Yes
b) No
c) May be
Q 11. Any suggestions for the further improvement....................................................
.................................................................................................................................. .
Chapter 4: Findings (data presentation)
Theme 1 – Concept of leadership
Q 1. Do you know about concept of leadership? Frequency
a) Yes 30
b) No 10
30
10
a) Yes
b) No
Interpretation – Researcher of respective research gathered information from 40 respondents
to known how many of them are aware of concept of leadership. From all audiences 30 says
that they know about the concept of leadership whereas according to 10 they didn’t know
18 | P a g e

about it. So it is essential for the management to conduct workshop so that all will know
about the respective aspect properly as well as effectively.
Theme 2 – Effective leadership is important for company growth
Q 2. Do you think effective leadership is important for
company growth?
Frequency
a) Yes 25
b) No 10
c) May be 5
25
10
5
a) Yes
b) No
c) May be
Interpretation – In respect of data gather from 40 respondents in order to know what they
think that leadership is essential for company growth or not, in context of this according to 25
audiences yes it is effective. On the other hand according to 10 it is not as well as in respect
of leftover 5 respondents they are confuse that it may be important or maybe not. From the
analysis it can be interpretate that most of the respondents think that effective leadership is
essential for the growth of company.
Theme 3 – Roles of leadership in a company
Q 3. What are the roles of leadership in a company? Frequency
a) Increase moral of employee 9
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b) Improve productivity 7
c) Develop vision/ aim/ objective 6
d) Create strategies for attaining aim 8
e) All of the above 10
9
7
68
10
a) Increase moral of
employee
b) Improve productivity
c) Develop vision/ aim/
objective
d) Create strategies for
attaining aim
e) All of the above
Interpretation – In respect of gathered data from 40 respondents it can be determined that
there are several roles of leadership in a company which help company in attaining their
desire goal as well as aim. According to 9 respondents it increase moral of employees which
leads to accomplishment of work properly. In respect of 7 respondents leadership also help in
improving productivities which leads to attainment of goal successfully as well as in respect
of 6 respondents it will help in development of vision/ aim and objective. Along with this it in
respect of 8 respondents leadership help in creating strategies for attaining aim as well as in
respect of 10 audiences these all main roles of leadership in a company.
Theme 4 – Leadership impact on the business performance of a company
Q 4. Did leadership impact on the business performance of
a company?
Frequency
a) Yes 25
b) No 15
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25
15
a) Yes
b) No
Interpretation – In respect of data which is gathered by respective from the 40 respondents in
order to know does leadership impact on the business performance of company. From which
25 says that yes leadership will affect the business performance of an organization as well as
in respect of leftover 15 respondents it will not affect the business performance. Though
analysis it can be interpretate that most of the audiences think that leadership will impact on
the company business performance.
Theme 5 – The importance of leadership in enhancing business performance of Argos
Ltd.
Q 5. What are the importances of leadership in enhancing
business performance of Argos Ltd.?
Frequency
a) It motivate employees 6
b) Improve productivity at workplace 8
c) Employees know to work under pressure 9
d) Increase emotional intelligence 5
e) All of the above 12
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6
8
95
12
a) It motivate employees
b) Improve productivity at
workplace
c) Employees know to
work under pressure
d) Increase emotional
intelligence
e) All of the above
Interpretation – According to data gathered by respective research project manager there are
several importance of leadership in the enhancement of business performance of Argos Ltd.,
in the perspective of 6 respondent’s leadership motivates employees which enhance business
performance. In respect of 8 audiences leadership improve productivity through which
performance of a company can enhanced at the potential marketplace. In addition to this
according to 9 respondents it will enhance skill in employees through which they can work
under pressure which leads to enhancement in company performance successfully. According
to 5 respondents through effective leadership there will be increase in emotional intelligence
through which performance of respective company can be done successfully. Moreover in
respect of 12 respondents these all aspects help in increasing performance successfully.
Theme 6 – Leadership impact on the performance of employees at the workplace
Q 6. How leadership impact on the performance of
employees at the workplace?
Frequency
a) Positively 27
b) Negatively 13
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27
13
a) Positively
b) Negatively
Interpretation – The project manager of respective research gather information from the 40
respondent to know their view point related to did leadership impact on the performance of
staff at the workplace. From 40 respondents 27 says that it leads to positive impact on the
performance of employees whereas according to the 23 respondents it will leads to negative
impact on the performance of staff at the workplace.
Theme 7 – Different leadership styles used by Argos Ltd. leaders and managers
Q 7. What are the different leadership styles used by Argos
Ltd. leaders and managers?
Frequency
a) Autocratic leadership style 6
b) Coaching leadership style 15
c) Situational leadership style 9
d) Democratic leadership style 10
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6
15
9
10
a) Autocratic leadership
style
b) Coaching leadership
style
c) Situational leadership
style
d) Democratic leadership
style
Interpretation – The investigator of respective research gather information in to know
different leadership style which manager and leader of Argos Ltd. must adopt for conducting
their business operations and functions. From 40 respondents 6 says that they must adopt
autocratic leadership style as well as in respect of 15 audiences they must adopt coaching
leadership style, In respect of 9 respondents they must adopt situational leadership style as
well as according to leftover 10 company manager and leader may adopt democratic
leadership style at their workplace.
Theme 8 – Effect of leadership styles on Argos Ltd and its employee’s performance
Q 8. What are the effect of leadership styles on Argos Ltd
and its employee’s performance?
Frequency
a) Improve productivity 6
b) Enhance quality of work 8
c) Adopt new strategies 9
d) Increase employee moral 5
e) All of the above 12
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6
8
95
12
a) Improve productivity
b) Enhance quality of work
c) Adopt new strategies
d) Increase employee
moral
e) All of the above
Interpretation – According to the perspective of respective research project manager who
gather information related to know viewpoint of 40 audiences related to effectiveness of
leadership style on the Argos Ltd as well as on their employee’s performance. From the
whole respondents 6 say that it will enhance productivity as well as according to 8 audiences
it leads to enhancement in quality of work. In addition to this according to the 9 respondents
it will help in adopting new strategies at workplace which improve performance and
productivity. According to the view point of 5 respondents it will leads to enhancement in the
moral of employees as well as in respect to the remaining 12 audiences these all are
effectiveness of leadership which must be adopted by respective company for the attainment
of desire goal and objectives.
Theme 9 – Impacts of poor leadership on business performance of Argos Ltd
Q 9. What are the impacts of poor leadership on business
performance of Argos Ltd?
Frequency
a) Decrease in moral of staff 6
b) Low productivity 10
c) Mismanagement of resource 9
d) All of the above 15
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6
10
9
15
a) Decrease in moral of
staff
b) Low productivity
c) Mismanagement of
resource
d) All of the above
Interpretation – According to the information gathered by respective research project
manager to know the impacts of poor leadership on the business performance of Argos Ltd.
according to 6 respondents it will directly lead to decrease in the moral of staffs. Along with
this, according to the 10 audience’s poor leadership at the workplace leads to occurrence of
low productivity as well as according to 9 due to it there will be mismanagement of
resources. In addition to this, poor leadership leads to all these impact on the performance of
respective company due to which they also not able to attain their desire goal as well as
objectives successfully.
Theme 10 – Poor leadership at the workplace impact on the business growth of Argos
Ltd.
Q 10. Does poor leadership at the workplace impact on the
business growth of Argos Ltd.?
Frequency
a) Yes 25
b) No 10
c) May be 5
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25
10
5
a) Yes
b) No
c) May be
Interpretation – The project manager of respective research gather information from the 40
respondents to know what they think related to poor leadership at the workplace leads to
impact on the business growth of Argos Ltd. then according to 25 yes poor leadership impact
on the performance and it will leads to decrease in productivity and profitability. In addition
to this according to perspective of 10 respondents poor leadership will not affect the business
growth of respective company. On the other hand according to 5 may be poor leadership will
impact or maybe it will not. But it is essential for company to develop proper strategies and
plan for avoiding negative impact of leadership at the workplace.
Chapter 5: Discussion (data interpretation)
By analysing above data it can be interpretate that for every company it is essential to
adopt proper leadership as that will help them in attaining their desire goal as well as
objectives in effective manner. According to the above analysis it is determined that in a
company almost every person know about the leadership but there are few people who are
not aware of leadership and its effectiveness. So it is essential for respective company to
conduct proper workshops as that will help in aware employees related to the leadership and
its effectiveness. In addition to this, due to lack of understanding of leadership there are
several employees who think poor leadership will not impact on the performance of a
company. Along with this, people who are aware of effectiveness of leadership know that it
help a company in several ways so that firm can attain their desire goal as well as objective in
27 | P a g e

successful manner. That will include increase in employee’s performance, enhance
productivity and many more.
Chapter 6: Conclusion, recommendations and implications for
further research
Conclusion
Through the analysis of above mentioned points it can be conclude that leadership is
essential for every company as through that employee able to accomplish their work in
effective manner as well as it will also help in attaining desire goal as well as objective
successfully at the potential marketplace. There are several leadership styles which a
company manager as well as leader may adopt for conducting their work in effective manner
such as coaching leadership style, democratic leadership style, autocratic leadership style,
situational leadership style and many more. The selection of leadership styles is depending
upon the situation as well as business operation and function of a company. In addition to this
there are numbers of benefits which a company gain by adopting appropriate leadership style
at their workplace. This may include increase in employees productivity, business
productivity get enhanced, develop effective strategy and plan, attain desire goal, aim and
objectives successfully and many more. Along with this sometime situation take place which
leads to poor leadership at the workplace which directly impact on the company operations
and functions as well as they also not able to attain their desire goal and objective
successfully.
Recommendation
Through the analysis of above mentioned points it can be determined that for every
firm need to adopt effective leadership at their workplace so that they can attain their desire
goal as well as target in successful and impressive manner. In respect of Argos limited their
some employees know about the leadership and its effectiveness but there are some
employees who are not know about the respective concept. So there are some
recommendations for the respective company so that they will attain their pre determine goal
as well as objective. Some recommendations are respective company management must
conduct session or workshop related to leadership so that all staffs know about the leadership
and its effectiveness. In addition to this, respective company also need to train their
28 | P a g e

employers so that they adopt effective leadership style in effective manner as well as it will
also help in deciding leadership style according to situation which company is currently
facing. Furthermore there are some recommendations for the researcher of respective report
as they may adopt different models for the data collection such as interview it is so because
that is more effective as well as less expensive method. In addition to this it is also less time
taking methods which help project manager in attaining desire goal as well as outcome in
successful manner.
Implication for future research
In respect of this research, there are some implications which project manager must
considered in future while conducting research on the same topic such as it is essential for the
respective research project manager to develop plan according to the time given. This is so
because in this research time is less due to which researcher not able to conduct work in
effective as well as appropriate manner. In addition to this for project manager it is necessary
to hire skilled as well as experienced employees as that will help them in conducting research
work properly and it also help in gathering proper information related to topic. It is also
necessary for the research to always considered all the ethical consideration which are
developed by government and senior authority because that help in attaining desire goal in
legal manner.
29 | P a g e

References
Books and Journals
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of Human Resources Management Research. 2018. pp.1-10.
Arain, G. A., 2018. The impact of leadership style on moral identity and subsequent in-role
performance: A moderated mediation analysis. Ethics & Behavior. 28(8). pp.613-
627.
Black, J.S. and Morrison, A.J., 2020. The global leadership challenge. Rout
Bratton, J. ed., 2020. Organizational leadership. SAGE Publications Limited.
Ciulla, J.B., 2020. Leadership and the problem of bogus empowerment. In The Search for
Ethics in Leadership, Business, and Beyond (pp. 177-195). Springer, Cham.
Clair, R.S., 2020. Learning and Leadership. In Learning-Centred Leadership in Higher
Education (pp. 83-110). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
Dimingu, W., 2019. The impact of leadership styles on organizational performance: A case
of the Methodist Church in Zimbabwe (Doctoral dissertation, BUSE).
Flick, U., 2015. Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research
project. Sage.
Fowler, C.S. and Walter, S., 2020. Instructional leadership: New responsibilities for a new
reality. College & research libraries news. 64(7). pp.465-468.
Gadirajurrett, H. and et. al., 2018. Impact of Leadership on Team’s Performance.
Gioia, D. A., Corley, K. G. and Hamilton, A. L., 2013. Seeking qualitative rigor in inductive
research: Notes on the Gioia methodology. Organizational research methods.
16(1). pp.15-31.
Green, J. L., Camilli, G. and Elmore, P. B. eds., 2012. Handbook of complementary methods
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Hartinah, S. and et. al., 2020. Teacher’s performance management: The role of principal’s
leadership, work environment and motivation in Tegal City,
Indonesia. Management Science Letters. 10(1). pp.235-246.
Kalsoom, Z., Khan, M. A. and Zubair, S. S., 2018. Impact of transactional leadership and
transformational leadership on employee performance: A case of FMCG industry
of Pakistan. Industrial Engineering Letters, 8(3), pp.23-30.
Ladkin, D., 2020. Rethinking leadership: A new look at old questions. Edward Elgar
Publishing.
Leithwood, K., Harris, A. and Hopkins, D., 2020. Seven strong claims about successful
school leadership revisited. School leadership & management. 40(1). pp.5-22.
Para-González, L. and et. al., 2018. Exploring the mediating effects between transformational
leadership and organizational performance. Employee Relations.
Shah, B., 2018. Effective Leadership in Organization. European Journal of Business and
Management Research. 3(3). pp.1-5.
Shields, C.M., 2020. Transformative leadership. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of
Education.
Sutherland, N., 2020. Leadership without leaders?.
Online
Argos Ltd . 2020. [Online]. Available Through:
https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/company/1134Q:LN
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https://www.templateswise.com/leadership-styles-powerpoint/>.
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The different impact of good and bad leadership. 2020. [Online]. Available through:<
https://www.barna.com/research/the-different-impact-of-good-and-bad-leadership/
>.
Duggan, T., 2019, ‘How Does Leadership Style Influence Organizational Productivity?’.
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%20people%20in%20an%20organization,work%20process%20and%20builds
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26th August 2020)
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List of table
Questionnaire
Name –
Age –
E-mail Id. –
Contact no. –
Q 1. Do you know about concept of leadership?
a) Yes
b) No
Q 2. Do you think effective leadership is important for company growth?
a) Yes
b) No
c) May be
Q 3. What are the roles of leadership in a company?
a) Increase moral of employee
b) Improve productivity
c) Develop vision/ aim/ objective
d) Create strategies for attaining aim
e) All of the above
Q 4. Did leadership impact on the business performance of a company?
a) Yes
b) No
Q 5. What are the importances of leadership in enhancing business performance of
Argos Ltd.?
a) It motivate employees
b) Improve productivity at workplace
c) Employees know to work under pressure
d) Increase emotional intelligence
e) All of the above
Q 6. How leadership impact on the performance of employees at the workplace?
a) Positively
b) Negatively
32 | P a g e

Q 7. What are the different leadership styles used by Argos Ltd. leaders and managers?
a) Autocratic leadership style
b) Coaching leadership style
c) Situational leadership style
d) Democratic leadership style
Q 8. What are the effect of leadership styles on Argos Ltd and its employee’s
performance?
a) Improve productivity
b) Enhance quality of work
c) Adopt new strategies
d) Increase employee moral
e) All of the above
Q 9. What are the impacts of poor leadership on business performance of Argos Ltd?
a) Decrease in moral of staff
b) Low productivity
c) Mismanagement of resource
d) All of the above
Q 10. Does poor leadership at the workplace impact on the business growth of Argos
Ltd.?
a) Yes
b) No
c) May be
Q 11. Any suggestions for the further improvement....................................................
.................................................................................................................................. .
33 | P a g e

List of figure
Theme 1 – Concept of leadership
30
10
a) Yes
b) No
Theme 2 – Effective leadership is important for company growth
25
10
5
a) Yes
b) No
c) May be
Theme 3 – Roles of leadership in a company
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9
7
68
10
a) Increase moral of
employee
b) Improve productivity
c) Develop vision/ aim/
objective
d) Create strategies for
attaining aim
e) All of the above
Theme 4 – Leadership impact on the business performance of a company
25
15
a) Yes
b) No
Theme 5 – The importance of leadership in enhancing business performance of Argos
Ltd.
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6
8
95
12
a) It motivate employees
b) Improve productivity at
workplace
c) Employees know to
work under pressure
d) Increase emotional
intelligence
e) All of the above
Theme 6 – Leadership impact on the performance of employees at the workplace
27
13
a) Positively
b) Negatively
Theme 7 – Different leadership styles used by Argos Ltd. leaders and managers
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6
15
9
10
a) Autocratic leadership
style
b) Coaching leadership
style
c) Situational leadership
style
d) Democratic leadership
style
Theme 8 – Effect of leadership styles on Argos Ltd and its employee’s performance
6
8
95
12
a) Improve productivity
b) Enhance quality of work
c) Adopt new strategies
d) Increase employee
moral
e) All of the above
Theme 9 – Impacts of poor leadership on business performance of Argos Ltd
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6
10
9
15
a) Decrease in moral of
staff
b) Low productivity
c) Mismanagement of
resource
d) All of the above
Theme 10 – Poor leadership at the workplace impact on the business growth of Argos
Ltd.
25
10
5
a) Yes
b) No
c) May be
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List of figure
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