DN15

DN15

TASK 1
1.1 Types of oral diseases and their aetiology
Caries Dental caries is caused by action of acids on enamel surface. It is
basically acid that is produce when sugar in food or drinks react
with bacteria.
Gingivitis It is an inflammation of gums that is usually caused by bacterial
infection.
Periodontal Diseases Periodontal diseases are infection that is structured around or
within teeth. Which includes gums, ligament and alveolar bone.
Erosion Tooth erosion happens when acids wear away the enamel on teeth.
It is caused due excessive of soft drink and fruit drinks
Abrasion Abrasion removes all layer of skin into moving contact with rough
surface or rubbing upper layers of epidemis.
Attrition Attrition is tooth surface that can be caused by bruxism which is
cleaning and grinding on teeth.
1.2 Evaluating the following terms in details

The progression of dental caries: It is a scientific term for tooth decay or
cavities. It is build up on teeth in a sticky file called plaque. It is mostly bacteria sugar
carbohydrates in foods which an induvial consume eat into acid.
The progression of periodontal diseases: Periodontal is a gum diseases which
inflammatory condition with bone support surrounding teeth. This may progress and
cause due to chronic periodontal which lead to loosening or loss of teeth.
The development and consumption of plaque: Dental Plaque is community that
are found on tooth surface as biofilm which is usually embedded in matrix of polymers of
host bacteria origin.
The inflammatory process: In medical treatment inflammatory process occurs
due to chemical of body’s white cells which are released by blood cells or affected tissues
to protect body from foreign substance.
The effect of disease process: The effects diseases are in humans are coronary
artery diseases and lower diseases and lower respiratory infection. Moreover, it has been
decreasing countries that are caused due to depression as well as anxiety.
TASK 2
2.1 Table on oral health techniques
Oral Health Technique How does this techniques prevent oral diseases
Fluoride supplements It help in preventing diseases that are found in natural water
sources as it ironic that the element fluorine. It is effective in
preventing tooth decay in case of both children as well as
adults.
Disclosing tablets This tablet help in removing disordered saliva from mouth
within 30 seconds.
Tooth Brushing Tooth brushing help in flossing out daily germs and bacteria in
order to prevent plaque. Moreover an individual need to change
its brush within 3to 6 months on regular basis.
Interdental aids Interdental aids help in preventing plaque from teeth by
brushing out teeth on regular basis. Moreover, using interdental
aids also help an individual in removing plaque in an effective
manner.
Mouthwashes Mouth washer helps an individual to prevent from germs and
other tooth cavity in appropriate manner. Moreover, it help in
removing breath disordered so that a person feel fresh and
active all day.
Dental health message Dental health massage is necessary for an induvial in order to
have healthy teeth. It helps in preventing un usual pain, germs,
infection and other dental problems.
2.2 Effects on oral health
Sugar in diet: sugar in diet leads too many of tooth decades. It is effected by oral
bacteria that are actually feed on sugar consumption. As this consumption creates acids that
usually destroy tooth enamel.

Acid content in diet: Excessive consumption of diet may leads to increase of risk cancer
and heart diseases. Moreover, the foods that contain less acids that sodas or protein which
usually provide effects of killing proteins of vegetables and fruits usage.
Smoking: In oral health smoking and tobacco cause stained teeth, bad breath as well as
diminished sense of taste. Moreover, excessive of smoking can lead to destroy immune system
that laed to reduce ability to recover after nay kind of surgery.
Alcohol: Alcohol is one of the biggest risk factor that is emerging in oral health diseases.
It leads to increase in oral cancer and absorbed from stomach that stream and effects central
nervous system.
2.3 Social factors that affect oral health
There are some of the social factors that affect oral health issues such as smoking and
alcohol. Moreover, such diseases have negative impact on family, society, cultural and
environment. People who drink and smoke are not treated in appropriate manner they are having
bad habits which is injurious to health. Thus, it ultimately affects family, society, culture as well
as environment negatively.
2.4 Difference between verbal and non-verbal communication
Verbal communication include sound, words and speaking tone of an individual whereas
non-verbal communication includes gesture, facial expression, body movement, feel and touch.
In dental care both commination is essential as it is help in diagnosing a patience in an effective
manner.
2.5 Advantage and disadvantage of systemic and topical fluoride
Systemic and topical fluoride can be delivered in strengthen teeth’s that are already
present in mouth such as making more decay resistant. Whereas systemic are those that are
ingested and become in appropriate in forming tooth’s.
Advantage: It is safe salt that prevents dental caries both systemic as well as topical action
Disadvantage: It do not have precious control over indicate consumption among people.
2.5 Describing Fluorosis
Dental fluorosis is basically a pathological condition that iscaused and influenced by
Fluorine over intake. It is a component of tooth plaque that interact durinf enamel after
completion of eruption.
TASK 3
3.1 Function of different equipment, instrument and medicaments
Periodontal therapy: It is based to measure and mark pocket as well as determines their
course on individual tooth surface. Herein, it instrument handle, snake and working end blade or
nib.

Prevention of dental caries: It function it to provide education program, diet counselling
oral hygiene measure like different brushing techniques that help in prevention of dental caries.
Preparation, restoration and finishing of cavities: Its function is to provide integrity and
morphology of missing tooth. Its instrument are amalgam carrier, burnisher, condensers, cravers
and woodsen.
3.2 Advantage and disadvantage of following terms
Lining materials: It reduces loss of water due seepage as well as increases velocity of
flow can be increased. Its major disadvantage is that its initial cost is too high as well as take
high time in completion.
Etchants: This process is simple with equipment’s and high etching rate with selective
area. Moreover, it are based on chemicals but subtracted materials are to be covered and enacted
adversely.
Curing lights: It produces and narrowly focused on non-divergent light of 490nm and
less power utilized. Its disadvantage is that it is large in size and heavy.
3.3 Different matrix system that are used in restorative procedures
Ivory type: This matrixes used in class of restoration and its main function is to aim
anatomic proximal contours in infected areas.
T- Band: This band is adjusted according to circumferences of tooth which are stabilized
by wedging and low fusing compounded.
3.4 Equipment’s need in following intra pulpal
Intra osseous: The equipment’s that are need in following procedures are soft tissue,
skin sloughing and compartment syndrome.
Nerve block: The equipment needed are standard nerve block tray, tuohy needled and
sterile gloves.
Topical: Topical treatment requires gel, cream, ointments and pastes etc.
TASK 4
4.1 Different methods of cavity preparation
Permanent teeth: Cavity preparation is mechanical tool that create alteration of teeth to
receive permanent restorative material. Moreover, it is process of removal of defective or friable
tooth.
Deciduous teeth: Cavity preparation in such teeth help in breaking down models by exact
instruments of roentgenograms and ground section of extracted tooth’s.
4.2 Benefit of each replacement of missing teeth

Prostheses Purpose Advantage Disadvantage
Permanent Crow
Bridges
To span space where
the teeth are missing
in permanent manner.
Provides cross arch
splinting and ease of
handling
Mobility of abutments
result in open margins
Temporay Crowns
Bridges
Temporary crowns
function to protect the
tooth shifting and
prevent sensitivity.
Preserve tooth
structure and minimal
pulp trauma
The length of span is
limited to one pontic
only
Adhesive bridges It is usually used to
replace missing front
teeth
Highly aesthetic and
have high strength
materials
It lead to more tooth
reduction as well as
brittleness
Implants An artificial tooth is
placed on jaw in order
to hold replacement of
tooth.
It help in cleaning of
adjacent teeth as well
as material cost is
limited
Complete dependence
depend on patient and
parent cooperation
4.3 Purpose of following terms
Pre-prosthetic surgery: It is part of surgery of oral and maxillofacial which help in
restoring oral functions and facial form. Moreover, it is surrounded with structures that enable
comfortable and esthetic dental prosthesis.
Using spoon dentures: This dentures provides some degree of stability and retention. It
make denture more resistant to bring changes in retention due to resorption.
4.4 Method of taking occlusal registration its advantage and disadvantage
Advantage: This method make unnecessary registration of inter occlusal records and face
bow transfer anddispenses with need for complicated articulator.
Disadvantage: Difficult to handle as this material is unmanageable and prior setting is
available.
TASK 5
5.1 Role of dental nurse during treatment
Skin Tone: In dental term its necessary for nurse and staff members to maintain skin
stone of its patience so that as per texture of skin medicine can be given.
Breathing: The nurse of dental care need to ensure that breathing of patience should be
adore free so that the feel fresh and energetic through the day.
Body language: In dental care department it is necessary for a nurse to have a pleasant
body language so that patience feels comfortable in speaking out their problems and accutal
treatment can be done.