Heritage Tourism and Its Impacts

This assignment delves into the multifaceted world of heritage tourism. It examines the diverse motivations driving travelers to seek out historical sites and cultural experiences. The economic implications of heritage tourism are analyzed, highlighting both its potential for growth and challenges related to sustainability and preservation. Ethical considerations surrounding responsible tourism practices are also discussed, emphasizing the importance of minimizing negative impacts on communities and environments. Finally, the assignment explores emerging trends and future directions in heritage tourism, considering factors such as technology, changing traveler preferences, and global interconnectedness.

HERITAGE AND CULTURAL TOURISM
MANAGEMENT

Table of Contents
Introduction..........................................................................................................................................3
Task 1....................................................................................................................................................3
1.1 Determining growth and development of the UK heritage and cultural industry.....................3
1.2 Explaining potential conflicts in the conservation of heritage and cultural resources..............5
TASK 2.................................................................................................................................................6
2.1 Assessing the purpose of heritage and cultural attractions ......................................................6
Task 3....................................................................................................................................................7
3.1 Assessing the effect of different types of ownership on the management of heritage and
cultural sites.....................................................................................................................................7
3.2 Determining roles and responsibilities of organizations in the heritage and cultural industry. 8
Task 4..................................................................................................................................................10
4.1 Evaluation of methods and media used for interpretation. .....................................................10
Conclusion .........................................................................................................................................11
References..........................................................................................................................................13

Illustration Index
Illustration 1: Visiting graph of historic properties..............................................................................6

INTRODUCTION
Heritage tourism can be defined as activity and services which renders better opportunity to
global and local visitors for better experience, understanding and in enjoying incredible values of a
region’s heritage. Cultural tourism is the part of tourism which helps the visitors to know about the
living style of people at geographical areas, their history, architecture, religion, art and other
elements in country. Heritage and cultural tourism has a vast history in which people travel to other
nation in search of historical places and its cultural activities (What is heritage tourism, 2015). The
present file introduces growth as well as development of UK heritage and cultural industry. It
describes purpose of heritage and attractions to meet requirement of different travellers. Further, it
represents roles and responsibilities of hospitality organisations in this sector. In addition to this, it
also evaluates various approaches as well as media which are utilized for interpreting heritage and
cultural industry for visitors.
.
TASK 1
1.1 Determining growth and development of the UK heritage and cultural industry
Heritage and cultural industry has done effective growth and development in United
Kingdom. It is the important part of travel and tourism sector which achieves better revenues in
nation. As per report of historic England, Contribution of this industry in economy is also increased
as comparison of previous years in UK. This sector has also covered 2 percent of GDP (Gross
domestic product) in nation. It associates the direct, indirect as well as induced impact of built and
natural heritage tourism in United Kingdom. Heritage and cultural sector generated high level of
economic outputs which is given below in the table.
(Years) 2011 2010
£14 billion indirect to GDP
£5.1 billion direct to GDP
£11 billion indirect to GDP £4.1 billion direct to
GDP (Heritage and the Economy, 2013).
As per historic England data, Heritage and cultural sector is associated direct, indirect and
induced effect gave £14 billion of GDP in 2011. These records are effective as comparison of 2010
year in country. According to the data, repair and maintenance contributed £4.1 billion of GDP in
United Kingdom. Further, heritage craft sector also produced £10.8 billion turnover and £5.5 billion
is contributed for heritage craft elements in United Kingdom (Heritage and the Economy, 2013).
Further, historic buildings produced £47 billion in GVA (Gross value added) in 2011. It is the 3.5
percent of total GVA of Britain. In addition to this, Heritage and tourism sector of United Kingdom

generated £61.1 million financial benefits per year as per the report of UNESCO.
In addition to this, heritage and cultural industry contribute effective role in recruitment and
selection of employees in UK. This sector provided many employment opportunities to citizens of
UK. As per report, it offered 12000 jobs to people in cultural and heritage sector. It was estimated
that industry provided 134000 jobs to citizens of UK in 2011. Further, associated direct, indirect as
well as induced effects of built heritage tourism gave 393000 jobs to people of Britain in the year
2011. In addition to this, heritage craft business also provided 209390 jobs to citizens of United
Kingdom in the same year. As per research, the heritage craft workforce will be increased by 12
percent by 2022 which will be equivalent to 243600 employment opportunities of people in Britain.
Generally, UK is the popular location for heritage and cultural tourism for many years. United
Kingdom got 8th rank in the global tourism by maintaining record of 31.2 million travelers in 2013
which were 6.5 percent higher than tourism data of 2012.
(Source: Heritage and the Economy, 2013)
As per above diagram, 58.6 million people come to visit historical places in United
Kingdom. As per the graph, global and national visitors increased as comparison to previous years
in UK. As per figure, 73 percent people visited heritage site in Britain. In addition to this, 15 percent
of adults donated money for the development of heritage and cultural tourism in nation (Heritage
and the Economy, 2013). This thing contributed effective role for growth and development in this
industry in United Kingdom.
Further, Heritage sector of United Kingdom is also developing appropriate infrastructure to
Illustration 1:
Visiting graph of histroric properties

make effective historical places. This thing also attracts many tourists to visit these heritage places.
This industry is also developing new heritage and cultural locations to increase its revenues and
income in Britain. In addition to this, these efforts contribute an effective role in heritage and
cultural sector for the growth and development Development of hospitality organizations contribute
an effective role in this sector to generate more profit by providing with effective facilities to
visitors at heritage tourist destinations in UK (Alegre, Cladera and Sard, 2013).
1.2 Explaining potential conflicts in the conservation of heritage and cultural resources
There are many potential conflicts in conserving heritage and cultural resources in Tibet. It
is described below in the paragraph.
Potential conflicts
Intercontinental group faces many conflicts which affects its infrastructure development and
other operations in nation. Organisation is suffered with political issues like London-based Free
Tibet to boycott from the Tibet. This thing has created bad impact on operations of hotel. Generally,
local citizens create complexities for establishing their business in the country. In addition to this,
Chinese government is also interrupting in the operations of this country. Generally, Authority is
wanted develop new heritage and cultural places for developing heritage and cultural sector in the
nation (Vandenbrink, 2013) These issues is disappointing people of Tibet and issues are created in
conserving heritage and cultural resources.
Reasons of conflicts
Mainly local communities, social groups and local citizens are creating complexities for
investment of international projects in Tibet. There are many reasons behind political conflicts in
nation. Generally, these people do not want more infrastructure development because it destroys the
natural beauty which can create environment pollution in the country. In addition to this, more
development can also increase frequency of tourism which can create many disturbances in life of
local communities and people in the nation (Azariah, 2012). Further, there are many local groups
which are against Chinese government operations in the nation. Further, education level does not
appropriate as comparison of other countries in world. These things are creating problems for
conserving heritage and cultural resources in Tibet. Further, it is also affecting the Intercontinental
group to manage travel and tourism activities in nation (Baddeley and Font, 2011).
Possible solutions
As per opinion, Tibetian government should focus on education system for their citizens.
This method can help local people and groups to understand the importance for conservation of
heritage and cultural resources. Further, Intercontinental hotel should also provide employment
opportunities to local citizens of Tibet (Chand and Katou, 2012). This approach can help the

international agencies to establish their business in an appropriate manner in the nation. People of
county can become loyal and honest towards hotel., Intercontinental group can reduce the political
issues of Tibet. In addition to this, hospitality organisation should try to emphasize on environment
friendly activities like plantation of trees and corporate social responsibilities (CSR) activities for
effective development of Tibetian people. These efforts can help the hotel management to make
positive image in the mind of local people and groups (Tsiotsou and Ratten, 2010). This way,
international agencies can decrease the issues of public in Tibet.
TASK 2
2.1 Assessing the purpose of heritage and cultural attractions
There are many purposes like education, research, recreation as well as entertainment of
heritage and cultural attractions to accomplish needs of various customers in United Kingdom. In
the same way the visitors who come to museum are researchers, students, scientists, families with
children etc. It is described below in the paragraph. Heritage and cultural attractions also include
many museums and historical places in United Kingdom (Chand and Katou, 2012).
Museums Visitors Description
British Museum Students Management of authorities also conduct creative activities in
regular time intervals. Further, In order to attract more
students, they also study on added ancient things like old
objects of Romans to maintain importance of British Museum
front of students. This process also attracts many students on
British Museum which increases its popularity in the world.
This way, administration of Museum can complete the needs of
its visitors to create effective awareness for them.
Researchers and
scientists
Education and research contribute effective role in Heritage
and cultural attractions to fulfill needs of visitors in travel and
tourism sector. Management of British museum can educate
people about their artistic and cultural things. This process
helps in creating effective awareness in various researchers and
scientists regarding specialty of the museum (Conrady and
Buck, 2011). In addition to this, it helps the authorities to
attract more researchers and scientists in order to complete
their needs. This way, British Museum can complete their

objectives by fulfilling the requirements of tourists.
Families and
Media
Objective of Cultural and heritage attractions also provides
effective knowledge through learning process. These things
also contribute an effective role for families and media to know
about specialty of the British museum (Damonte, Collins and
Megehee, 2013). This way, administration can provide effective
information regarding history, culture and artistic things to
families and media. In addition, this thing provides effective
learning regarding heritage and cultural activities to national
and international tourists in British museum.
Natural History
Museum
Students This process also provides effective learning through providing
knowledge regarding history of animals, and old humans which
helps the student to increase their information in geography.
Researchers and
scientists
Goal of heritage and cultural attractions helps in conducting
creative activities like collecting ancient things like skeleton
old human and Dinosaurs to maintain the importance of
Natural history museums. In addition, it also helps in
accomplishing the objectives of history lovers and researchers
by doing more research (Elbanna, 2009). This type of activities
also enhances frequency of Researchers and scientists which
generate effective income for natural history museum in United
Kingdom.
Families and
children and
media
Aim of cultural and heritage attractions are to provide
entertainment to families and children to know about the old
life style and ancient valuable things of old people. This thing
also contribute effective role in increasing the frequency of
Families, children and media in natural history museum
(Dwyer and Forsyth, 2007). This way, authorities can render
effective entertainment for them in United Kingdom.

TASK 3
3.1 Assessing the effect of different types of ownership on the management of heritage and cultural
sites
There are many types of business ownership like proprietorship, private, public as well as
partnerships on the management of heritage and cultural sites. Proprietorship- It is single person business. This type of ownership does not need more
paper work for managing heritage and cultural sites. In this process, owner is responsible to
manage all operation of the firm as comparison to other business ownership. On the other
side, main objective of the firm to earn more profit from visitors in heritage and cultural
sector (Erskine, and Meyer, 2012). However, there are also many complexities in
proprietorship ownership business. Single person is liable to manage business related
obligations like debts and court judgments which also increase its risks. For example,
Buckingham place is the most popular site in the world which contains sole proprietorship in
United Kingdom. Private ownership- This type of business is managed by two or more people to conduct
business activities of heritage and cultural sites in Britain. This thing requires more paper
work and documents as comparison to other business (Evans, Stonehouse and Campbell,
2012). On the other side, main goal of this business is to generate more profit and income
from visitors in the nation. Then after, they concentrate towards public service. In addition
to this, partnerships provide reliability to manage heritage and cultural activities which
reduces risk for the management of cultural and heritage sites in United Kingdom.
According to Francesconi (2011), it creates complexities for taking business decisions like
infrastructure development as well as strategic plans due to difference in thoughts of
partners It also produces so many disturbances to manage business activities of heritage and
culture sites . For example, Old and new town of Edinburgh is the best example of
partnership business in United Kingdom (Francesconi, 2011). Public- Public ownership also involves government in the business. In this type of business,
maximum share is obtained by government authorities in managing heritage and cultural
sites. The main objective of this business is to serve public rather than earning profits in the
nation (Kimmm, 2012). There are many benefits of public ownership business to manage its
activities in the country. For example, government also utilizes their resources for
management of heritage and cultural operations in their sites. On the other side, this type of

business gets exemption in corporate and income tax as compared to private and partnership
business which increase its income. Further, it also reduces risk in business due to
involvement of government. As per the Koning (2014), this type of ownership creates delay
in implementing any kind of activities which affect the growth as compare to other business
in heritage and cultural sector (Koning, 2014). For example, Forth Bridge is the best
example of Public ownership business which is managed by government. It was constructed
in 1890.
 Limited Partnerships- It is very costly and typical to set up and operate in the nation. It is
not recommended for the small business owner. This type of business is usually created by
single person or company who will solicit investment regarding expansion of cultural and
heritage sites from others like public (Lennon, 2013). The goal of this business is to generate
more profit from visitors by providing them various facilitates in these historical sites. Then
after, limited partnership focuses on consumer service in nation. As per Mehmetoglu and
Norman, (2013), general partners control and manage day-to-day operations of managing
the heritage and cultural activities of the historical sites. They are personally responsible for
business debts and other allegations. In addition to this, they have minimal control and
managing power for taking daily business decisions or operations like debts or claims
(Mehmetoglu and Norman, 2013). For example, The Derwent Valley Mills is the example of
limited partnership which was established in 2001 in United Kingdom.
 Voluntary type Ownership- It is group of people who sign agreement as volunteers in order
to develop organization. This type of firm helps to complete various purpose like social
service for any kind of citizens in the nation. For example, group of people are opening
organization for orphan children in the nation (Elbanna, 2009). So, this is also best example
of voluntary type of ownership in UK.
3.2 Determining roles and responsibilities of organizations in the heritage and cultural industry.
Every organization has different roles and responsibilities in heritage and cultural industry.
Role and responsibilities of English Heritage
English Heritage is a registered charity trust for managing activities related to heritage and
culture industry. It is a government organization in the United Kingdom. Current chairman of this
enterprise is Kate Mavor. It contributes effective role for the heritage and cultural industry to
manage National Heritage Collection in country. Organization includes over 400 historic buildings
as well as monuments. In addition to this, firm is also conserving more than 5,000 years of history.
English Heritage also handles London Blue Plaques scheme which directly links historical figures
to specific buildings. Organization plays an important role to describe the history of England for its

tourists (Ou r v i s i o n a n d v a l u e s , 2 0 1 6 ). In addition to this, enterprise provides effective
efforts to generate appropriate income from visitors which helps to develop more than 400 historical
places in order to maintain its development in United Kingdom (Morais and et. al., 2012). For
example, firm earned revenues of 86706000 pounds in 2014.
Main responsibility of English Heritage is to secure as well as conserve around 400 sites and
monuments in United Kingdom. There are many famous places which include Dover Castle, Iron
Bridge as well as Stonehenge. In addition to this, organization also offers free entries to the visitors
for visiting more than 250 places like St Catherine's Oratory, Dorsett as well as Maiden Castle in
order to encourage heritage and cultural sector in Britain. English heritage is responsible to increase
the frequency of visitors in historical places by developing ancient things like historic sites and
artifacts. In addition to this, organization focuses on more infrastructure development to give
attractive look for encouraging heritage and cultural sector in United Kingdom. Further, English
heritage provides effective entertainment to its tourist by describing the history of ancient things at
historical places (Novelli, 2013). With the help of these efforts, corporation is effectively
conserving culture and heritage of UK for new visitors.
Role and responsibilities of Natural England
This organization also plays an important role for encouraging heritage and cultural
activities in United Kingdom. It is the non-departmental public body of the Britain government
which is responsible for maintaining natural environment of England's like flora, land, fauna,
freshwater and marine environments, geology as well as soils. These things also help heritage and
cultural sector for the further expansion by increasing frequency of visitors in United Kingdom.
Natural England also has responsibility to aid people for enjoying, understanding and accessing
natural climate (What we do, 2016).
Organization has power to associate for processing of ancient woodlands, awarding grants as
well as managing certain domestic nature that are reserved in nation. Natural England plays an
important role for the administration to manage numerous grant schemes and frameworks which
help in developing historical sites and maintaining the safety of natural environment in the United
Kingdom. Environmentally sensitive areas, Countryside as well as climate Stewardship attract
visitors towards heritage and cultural industry of UK (Pechlaner and Dal Bò, Volgger, 2012). In
addition to this, Natural England is contributed effectively for the delivery of some of Defra's public
service agreements like conserving farm birds and improving natural environment by 2020.

TASK 4
4.1 Evaluation of methods and media used for interpretation.
It can be evaluated from the trip of British Museum and Natural history of museum, London
that methods and techniques that are used by both the museum are effective in satisfying tourist’s
needs and wants. Interpretation is related to the communication of information and explaining
visitors or tourist about the relevance/importance of history and culture (Azariah, 2012). Museums
are said to be the keepers of civilizations and history and both the museums have conceptualized
this as their main objective. This has helped them in identifying the needs of tourist and individuals
who want to admire heritage essence of the past. Natural history of museum has created a good
blend of providing recognition to the cultural heritage of various civilizations. They have succeeded
in the interpretation of providing education to the visitors and tourists who are interested to acquire
knowledge about history and culture of our society. Interpretation is also termed as mediation by
different society of museums. In both the cases Natural history and British museum are performed
interpretations through their mediation centres like parks, art galleries, artworks, nature centres,
drama and etc (Conrady and Buck, 2011). Guides, rangers, naturalists, educators and interpretive
specialist are the main individuals who practice interpretation for museums.
Main goal of museums that is identified during the tour is to help visitors in order to
understand the significance of history. It is clear for any organization that customers are dully
satisfied with the services provided by them (Beaver, 2005). In case of cultural and heritage
industry, consumers are the visitors and they are not receiving a product but they are provided by
services instead. These services are actually the visual and vocal provided by the staff and
employees of museums. Language mediator was doing excellent job in interpreting languages for
the international visitors. This helped them in understanding artefacts and monuments catered at the
museums. Language is an important theme that must be considered by museums. As even the local
customers are residents of some other place or country, and they prefer their local language. Both
the museums have a vast bank of digital assistance that they provide to their customers who need
language modifications (Elbanna, 2009). Online CD's and walkie's are provided on charge basis so
that visitors can enjoy the translation in their choice of language.
Freeman Tilden wrote six principles of interpretation which are valuable sources of both the
museums (Tilden’s Six Principles of Interpretation, 2015). It was evident that British museum and
Natural history museum are following these principles which provide effective methods of
interpretation. Museums are made interpretation more personal to each user i.e. every visitor is able
to relate the cultural and historical significance presented by the museums. Employees made sure
that interpretation generates relevant information to satisfy the knowledge thrust of the visitors. As

per Tilden, interpretation is an art and can be taught to the employees. Thus, museums provide
trainings to improve the skills of interpretation in their employees. They are not instructed visitors
but also provoked them to raise their level of interest towards the history and culture. Employees of
the museums are provided the whole zest of the findings that they can be acquired from various
sites about the artifacts and monuments (Hall and Clayton, 2009). This is an important aspect of
interpretation as interpreter must aim to provide complete information and not address on any
irrelevancy in facts.
It was observed that interpretation of cultural and heritage raises the interest of customers
and thus, potential customers can be converted to mindful visitors. These mindful visitors are
interested more in getting education about the basic concept of history and culture (Dwyer and
Forsyth, 2007). These consists of school children or graduates who want to build their career in this
field. Museums are very effective in providing deep insights of site and monuments that are
showcased through them. Interpretation is a communication process or a sketch that is created to
uncover the meaning of culture and heritage. It is clearly visible that museums are successful in
providing deep information to the visitors and tourists. Another important analysis brought out that
both the museums are disseminating visitors based on their age. For example, students below the
age of 12 are handled in a different way than the adults or teenagers. Students who are visiting
museums as a part of school assignment or project are guided like a history teacher and the entire
experience for them is designed to provide fun and adventurous (George and Swart, 2015). On the
other hand, adults and teenagers are tackled in a more experienced manner to visit museum.
Each visitor was guided with in depth study and analysis of history and cultural significance
(Law, 2000). Thus, it can be said that after evaluation, it was found that cultural and heritage
interpretation was valuably evident in both the museums.
CONCLUSION
From the report, it is found that growth and development of heritage and cultural sector in
the United Kingdom have been increased in comparison of previous years. British and national
history museum attract various visitors like families, students as well as media by meeting their
needs that can be related to research, learning and entertainment with the help of effective
strategies. Further, various types of ownership contribute effective role for understanding the
management of heritage and cultural sites in United Kingdom. In addition to this, English heritage
and Natural England organizations are fulfilled their roles and responsibilities effectively in order to
entertain visitors at the historical places. It can be concluded that interpretation aids visitors to know
various information about heritage and cultural places in United Kingdom.

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