Use of New Drug X in the Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome

This scientific report evaluates the therapeutic effect of 'Drug X' on insulin, glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol levels in the serum of a Sprague-Dawley rat model in the treatment of metabolic syndrome. The study concludes that Drug X is an effective treatment therapy for the disease since it can lower all the parameters glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and insulin to normal.

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USE of NEW ‘DRUG X’ in the TREATMENT of METABOLIC SYNDROME
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23/October/2018

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.
Title
A scientific report based on the experimental Study the Effect of using newly developed ‘Drug
X’ on the Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome in rats
Abstract
To evaluate the therapeutic effect of ‘Drug X’ on insulin levels, glucose levels, triglycerides and
cholesterol levels in the serum of a Sprague-Dawley rat model in the treatment of metabolic
syndrome.
Introduction
Drug discovery and development involves in vitro and in vivo testing. Various models include
test tubes, animals, cell cultures, healthy human subjects or even patients. The effects of the drug
on the model-based drug metabolism and disposition. The drug absorption, distribution,
metabolism, and excretion (DiMasi,2001) assessed. ADME on metabolism parameters such as
the amount of insulin, glucose levels, triglycerides, and cholesterol levels can be measured.
Metabolic syndrome is disease related to many conditions. it is known to increase the risk of
diabetes, stroke and heart disease. It revolves in situations such as low serum high-density
lipoprotein, high blood pressure, elevated serum triglycerides, central obesity, and high blood
pressure. It usually arises from insulin resistance that is accompanied by abdominal adipose

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deposition according to (Alberti, Zimmet and Shaw, 2002). Its clinical manifestations include
hypertriglyceridemia, abdominal obesity, hypertension, shortness of breath and hyperglycemia.
According to the American Heart Association (AHA), when a patient at least 3 of these
conditions: fasting glucose greater or equal to 100 mg/dl or on hyperglycemia treatment. A blood
pressure of above 13/85 mm Hg or on hypertension treatment. Triglycerides more than 150mg/dl
or on triglyceridemia drug therapy HDL-C less than 40 mg/dl in men or less than 50mg/dl in
women.
Drug X is a proposed drug to be used in the treatment of metabolic syndrome .theis report will
be prepared to prepare clinical trials and report their findings. A conclusion is to be made on the
efficacy of the drug.
Methods
Three different rats labeled Rat 1, Rat 2 and Rat 3 used. In the beginning of the experiment.
Blood samples were taken to measure triglycerides, glucose, total cholesterol, and insulin from
the 3 rats before putting them on a high-fat diet. After 10 weeks of high-fat diet, blood samples
taken and the drug X administered. After 4 weeks the blood samples are taken and tested for the
respective parameters. The biochemical assay used to check the lipid profile parameters:
triglycerides and the cholesterol. Blood glucose levels were measured using a glucometer and
testing strips. Drug X was administered after 10-week high-fat diet and is given 4 weeks to work
on the system later the blood samples taken for analysis.
The Sprague- Dawley rats used as the models because of size, its fast production rate, the
availability, ease of handling and low cost(Harvey,2008). Best choice because of its calmness
hence it is easily handled. It is known to exhibit a notable increase in body weight, triglycerides,

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basal plasma glucose, total cholesterol, and insulin levels according to (Srinivasan et al.,2005)
when given a high-fat diet.
Experimental groups created and the three rats used were assigned to these groups. The normal
control group for those whose parameters tested before subjection to the diet. Disease control
group for those whose parameters checked after the high fat intake. Drug –X treated group after
disease controlled group given the drug X
The parameters measured were: Insulin levels, Glucose levels obtained by random testing using a
glucometer and Serum lipid profile (triglycerides and total cholesterol).
Results
The result obtained is in three tables in figure 1 in the appendixes section
Statistical analysis to be done on the results obtained. The mean and standard estimated mean
(SME) done on all the parameters. A comparison is done, and the graphs were plotted to show a
clear picture of the changes seen.
Discussion
The study experiment was done to evaluate the efficacy of ‘Drug X’ in the treatment of a
metabolic disorder by measuring its effect on the insulin-glucose and lipid profile levels. The
rodent model used was given the drug and assess for 3 weeks. According to the results recorded,
the normal values and the values obtained after treatment with’ Drug X’ are almost the same.
While those of taken after the 10week treatment with very high-fat diet approximately double the
normal values. After 10 weeks the glucose levels increased this is an indication that there was an
impact of the high-fat diet on the models. The insulin levels tripled upon the administration of

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the high-fat diet from the experiment its evident that the insulin abnormalities could have has a
significant impact in causing metabolic syndrome. The total cholesterol levels doubled the while
triglycerides levels went high almost four times higher than the normal value. Upon treatment
with Drug X, the levels reduced to nearly the same levels of the normal. An implication that
Drug x was efficient in the treatment of a metabolic disorder.
The insulin levels were elevated upon the high diet uptake because of insulin resistance. This is
usually promoted by adipose cell enlargement and the infiltration of macrophages into adipose
tissue releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines. It appears to be the primary mediator of the
metabolic syndrome as (Grundy, 1999 b) stated. Since insulin is known to promote uptake of
glucose in muscle fat and liver cells.it can lead to lipolysis and glucose production by
hepatocytes (Albert, Zimmet, Shaw, 2005 a). Obesity increases free fatty acid levels and insulin
distribution. leads to impaired glucose disposal, abnormalities in insulin secretion and insulin
receptor signaling(Albert, Zimmet, Shaw, 2006 b). This insulin resistance leads to elevated levels
of blood glucose levels. Once the body metabolizes carbohydrates food is broken into glucose
that is utilized to produce energy (Grundy et, al. 2005). Insulin hormone is made by the pancreas,
and it enables sugar to enter the cells. Once there is insulin resistance the cells rarely
respond(Grundy,1998 a). Therefore no glucose can enter cells with ease. Increasing glucose
levels in the body while insulin is increased to correct glucose levels. the glucose accumulates in
the blood
The fat deposited on the body correlates with inflammation this fat is more resistant to insulin
hence resulting in higher toxic free fatty acids concentration in circulation. The fat produces

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harmful levels of cytokines such as plasminogen activator inhibitor, tumor necrosis and
adiponectin as illustrated by(Hotamisligil,2006). Initially, there was an imbalance between food
intake and energy consumption. This is regulated by the central nervous system by the brain to
peripheral nerves as stated by (Hotamisligil,2006). The fat cells enlarge increasing production of
inflammatory adipokines and others that promote obesity-induced metabolic disorders. The
elevated serum triglycerides associated with insulin resistance. insulin resistance is a clinical
marker of metabolic syndrome
According to the graphical representation of the means according to (Bross,1958), there is an
indication of the drug x been a very effective metabolic disorder treatment. The drugs used active
cleared were almost 100% since the disorder is also due to reduced or no exercise. The
cholesterol levels upon drug x treatment the values dropped from 146.6 mg/dl to 76.6mg/dl. The
initial concentration of the control is 67.6 this is an indicator that the drug is very effective .the
insulin levels dropped from 16.3 uu/ ml to9.3 uu/ml while the control level was 8.6.this is an
indicator that the drug was able to restore insulin resistance to its standard working rates. The
glucose levels dropped from 227mg/dl to 125.33mg/dl, which is not a value away from the
normal 125.33mg/.d
The triglyceride levels decreased from 150.3 mg/dl to 45.3mg/dl. The cost is slightly higher but
close to the average control value of 37mg/dl.
From this graphical representation and the standard estimation mean obtained.a clear indicator
that the drug X was able to act on the mediators that regulate intake of food such as gut
hormones such as ghrelin antagonist, pancreatic hormones such as lipase inhibitors

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According to the above report on the use of Drug X in the treatment of metabolic disorder I can
conclude that Drug X is an effective treatment therapy for the disease since it can lower all the
parameters glucose, triglycerides total cholesterol and insulin to normal. The drug can target the
critical factors in the insulin and adipose tissue .the metabolic disorder parameter are high inter
grated and their function highly dependent upon each other (Alberti, Zimmet and Shaw, 2002).
Drug X is good drug therapy for the treatment of a metabolic syndrome.also lifestyle
modification, proper diet, and stress avoided.
Conclusion
Based on the results and discuss the aim of the experiment was successful. Drug x has shown its
pharmacotherapy to lower the cholesterol total triglycerides glucose and insulin levels. therefore
it's a right drug in treating the metabolic syndrome

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References
Alberti, K.G.M., Zimmet, P. and Shaw, J., 2005. The metabolic syndrome-a new worldwide definition. The
Lancet, 366(9491), pp.1059-1062 "a."
Alberti, K.G.M.M., Zimmet, P. and Shaw, J., 2006. Metabolic syndrome—a new world wide definition. A‐
consensus statement from the international diabetes federation. Diabetic medicine, 23(5), pp.469-480"
b."
Azizi, F., Salehi, P., Etemadi, A. and Zahedi-Asl, S., 2003. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in an urban
population: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Diabetes research and clinical practice, 61(1), pp.29-37.
Bross, I.D., 1958. How to use credit analysis. Biometrics, pp.18-38.
DiMasi, J.A., 2001. Risks in new drug development: approval success rates for investigational drugs.
Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 69(5), pp.297-307.
Grundy, S.M., 1998. Hypertriglyceridemia, atherogenic dyslipidemia, and the metabolic syndrome. The
American journal of cardiology, 81(4), pp.18B-25B. “a”
Grundy, S.M., 1999. Hypertriglyceridemia, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome. The American
journal of cardiology, 83(9), pp.25-29."b."
Grundy, S.M., Cleeman, J.I., Daniels, S.R., Donato, K.A., Eckel, R.H., Franklin, B.A., Gordon, D.J., Krauss,
R.M., Savage, P.J., Smith Jr, S.C. and Spertus, J.A., 2005. Diagnosis and management of the metabolic
syndrome: an American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute scientific statement.
Circulation, 112(17), pp.2735-2752.
Harvey, A.L., 2008. Natural products in drug discovery. Drug discovery today, 13(19-20), pp.894-901.
Hotamisligil, G.S., 2006. Inflammation and metabolic disorders. Nature, 444(7121), p.860.
Srinivasan, K., Viswanad, B., Asrat, L., Kaul, C.L. and Ramarao, P., 2005. Combination of high-fat diet-fed
and low-dose streptozotocin-treated rat: a model for type 2 diabetes and pharmacological screening.
Pharmacological research, 52(4), pp.313-320.

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Appendices
Tables and Graphs
Figure 1
Normal control group
Serum Parameter Rat 1 Rat 2 Rat 3
Glucose (mg/dL) 102 98 109
Insulin(UU/ml) 5 7 8
Total
Cholestrol(mg/dl)
68 76 59
Triglycerides 31 43 37
Disease control group
Serum Parameter Rat 1 Rat 2 Rat 3
Glucose (mg/dL) 214 239 228
Insulin(UU/ml) 16 23 19
Total
Cholestrol(mg/dl)
135 156 149
Triglycerides 126 168 157
Drug-X treated group
Serum Parameter Rat 1 Rat 2 Rat 3
Glucose (mg/dl) 132 140 104
Insulin(uu/ml) 8 10 7
Total
cholestrol(mg/dL
77 69 84
Triglycerides 42 56 38

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Triglycerides Levels
Cholesterol Levels
Triglycerides mg/dl
Normal control-37
Disease control-150.33
Drug X-45.3
Cholesterol levels(mg/dL)
Normal Control-67.7
Disease Control-146.6
Drug X-76.6

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Glucose Levels
Insulin Levels
Glucose Levels (mg/dl)
Normal Control-103
Disease Control-227
Drug X-125.3
Insulin Levels (uU/mL)
Normal Controls-6.6
Disease Controls-19.3
Drug X-8.3