(Cananda) Economic Growth and Air Pollution Dynamics

The association between the economic or socio- economic growth with air pollution in
Canada

Introduction:
The major source of the maximum significant concerns facing humanity today is related with
the environmental inequality and mismanagement. These issues are air pollution, climate
change etc. The motive of this research is to investigate the association between the economic
or socio- economic growth with air pollution in Canada. The results of this research show that
economic development has some negative or positive influence on air pollution for long run.
ON the basis of related literature, any issue which disturbs the long run equilibrium between
economic development and air pollution will be modified at the rate 10% annually (Fofack,
Sarpong & Kamna, 2019).
As CO2 emissions impact the environment very rapidly, it is quite an interesting topic for
researchers to study about its causes. Three major points about this study have already arrived
in literature. The first point is related with the hypothesis proposal which elaborates that an
inverted U-curve can characterize the association between the environmental contamination
and economic development. On the basis of this point, the emissions enhance up to a certain
level of income and afterward falls as income continues to rise. The second point of the
literature demonstrated the link between economic development and energy consumption.
There might be a possibility of jointly determination of variables in this point. Hence, it could
be possible that the energy usage reduction can decrease the emissions.
In a literature research, a multivariate framework is introduced, which places the energy
output and the environment output under a single frame work. This literature has extended by
controlling the additional variables; hence it reduces the omitted- variable bias (Andersson,
2019).
The research for investigating the relationship between the economic or socio- economic
development and air contamination in Canada is very important, due to several reasons as
mentioned below:
 Enhancement in the energy demand and economic growth will lead to a important
enhancement in worldwide emissions of air contaminants.
 Enhanced emission with the additional issues, for example, climate change will lead
to enhance the concentration of PM or Particulate matter and ground level ozone.
 Enhancing concentration of Particulate matters and ozone will lead to the
considerable impact on environment and the health. As earlier in 2010, premature

mortality rates from the outdoor air pollution has amounted to approximate 3 million
people. On the basis of analysis, the rate of these premature deaths could be 6-9
million by 2060 ("The Economic Consequences of Outdoor Air Pollution - en -
OECD", 2016).
Analysis:
Positive and negative impacts of the air pollution in economic growth and health:
The study elaborates that the different parameter's policies such as demographic
characteristics, ambient air pollution etc. have huge implications on health in different
countries as Canada, US, Australia, Central Asia and Europe. This study outcome shows that
an enhancement in the income level by 1% is deteriorated the mortality rate by 0.01 per cent,
and it enhanced longevity by approximate 0.02% and CI by 95% in the long run. An
enhancement in industrial PM 2.5 emissions per capita by 1% is reduced the life expectancy
by 0.04% and mortality rate by 0.02%. it is found that enhancement in energy consumption
by 1% increased the PM 2.5 emissions by 0.42- 0.45% or 95% CI.
An inversed U-shaped curve between income level and PM 2.5 emission is investigated at the
revolving point of US$ 48,061. The cogency of the hypothesis for ecological Kuznets curve
between urbanization and ambient air contamination has established. However, a prompt
enhancement in population has an important positive influence on the ambient air
contamination (Sarkodie et al., 2019).