Economic Growth and Sustainable Development

This article provides a theoretical overview of the factors of production and their impact on economic disparities between countries. It discusses the role of labor, land, and capital in the production process and how they contribute to economic growth. The article also explores the influence of technology on economic disparities and discusses the application of these theoretical insights to the countries of Zimbabwe and the United States.

Running head: ECONOMIC GROWTH AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 1
Economic Growth and Sustainable Development
Name
Institution

ECONOMIC GROWTH AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
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Economic Growth and Sustainable Development
Part A. Theoretical Overview
Factors of Production
Production factors is an economic term that depicts the inputs utilized in the production
of services or goods in order to make an income. The factors of production comprise any
resource required for the making of a service or good. The factors that are responsible for
economic disparities in a country comprise of labor, entrepreneurship, capital, and land.
Moreover, the factors of production are also interpreted by countries as machines, management,
labor, materials, knowledge and technology. Scholars as being probable production factors
causing economic disparities between countries have lately considered each of these factors of
production. The current description of production factors is drawn from a neoclassical standpoint
of economics. The modern description of factors of production merges previous approaches to
economic theory, for instance the concept of labor as a production factor from socialism, into
one description. Labor, land and capital as production factors were formerly identified as
production factors. Early economists of politics for instance David Ricardo, Adam Smith and
Karl Max recognized Labor, land, capital as production factors were initially. Up-to date, labor
and capital continue to be the two key inputs for the generation of profits and productive
processes in a country.
Land as a factor of production has a wide description as a production factor and can take
on several forms, from a commercial real estate to an agricultural land to the available resource
from a specific piece of land. Growing up of crops on a land by farmers elevates its utility and
value within a country. Land was responsible for generating value, for a group of early French
economists referred as physiocrats who predated the classical economists of politics. Whereas

ECONOMIC GROWTH AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
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land can is a crucial element of majority of the countries, its significance can increase or
diminish according to an industry (King, R. G., & Rebelo, S. 2013). For instance, an country that
is highly developed in technology can effortlessly start operations with no investment of land.
Moreover, land is the greatest significant asset for a country and can contribute to economic
disparities between nations depending on the size of the land.
Labor is another factor that affects economic disparities between countries. It term labor
refers to the energy consumed by a person to bring a service or product to the market. Labor can
take different forms, for instance a waiter who serves guests is part of labor as the construction
worker at a hotel site or the receptionist who joins them up into the hotel (Aisen, A., & Veiga, F.
J. 2013). A crucial element of labor market is the input made by the exceptional abilities and
skills of all kinds of individuals. These talents can be enhanced and changed through training or
education, making the labor force a developing talent collection from which industries recruit.
Utilizing skills efficiently and teaching individuals in a country to cope with new marketplace
demands help make the production process more effective. How a country utilizes its labor force
affects its economic growth together with economic disparities between countries. Another
crucial element of the labor market is the employee’s mobility that it entails. In theory,
individuals in the USA travel anywhere to train or find for a new position. The mobility is crucial
when workers complement their skills to the openings of jobs (Rebelo, S. 2011). In practice,
nevertheless, individuals in a country may be reluctant to train for a new career. In these
scenarios, the output of the economy and the mobility in the labor market decelerate in a county
as jobs go unfilled and people remain unemployed. The market of labor functions to discover
better matches between jobs and employees (Lopez, R. 2014).

ECONOMIC GROWTH AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
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Employees in a country look for positions that offer desirable characteristics and better
salaries; whereas employers in a country pursue employees who will work for the salary offered
and will search for workers who are productive. Particular conditions of the economy in a
country can make it hard for businesses and people to match their labor market searches (King,
R. G., & Levine, R. 2014). In a country that has a swiftly growing economy, for instance, some
countries may experience hardship in getting adequate people with the correct skills to meet up
with the intensifying demand leading to disparities in the economy. The issue of unemployment
is crucial in a country and the labor market. To be legitimately recognized among the
unemployed in the United States, an individual is supposed to be actively looking for a job, out
of work and ready to accept a job according to the salary being provided. The rate of
unemployment in a country determines greatly the economic growth of a country and can lead to
economic disparities between countries.
Many nations undergo intensifying inequality of income and employment that is
stratified. Notwithstanding these two corresponding trends of the economy, research that
examines the direct link between overall workforce inequality and entrepreneurship continues to
be negligible in the still fundamentally dispersed literatures on inequality and entrepreneurship.
Many studies in the have recorded a two –extended influence of entrepreneurship on the
individual income, in the entrepreneurship literature, debating that entrepreneurship is a source
of improved mobility of income for some countries but translates to a lesser –than average
incomes for the broader portion of the workforce that is self-employed. Nevertheless,
attentiveness to the probable implications of the patterns for a macro level distribution of income
has been negligible in the in the literature of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship is a
progressively prevalent professional choice in economies of many countries that leads to

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economic disparities between countries. Whereas entrepreneurship is significant for the growth
of the economy in different countries, the effect of diverse forms of entrepreneurship pointers on
the Growth Domestic Product is not even. For example, the activity of entrepreneurship
(consisting of business indicators necessity and formations based entrepreneurship) has an
adverse impact on growth in low or middle-income nations. Nevertheless, entrepreneurship
attitudes (intentions, perceptions and role models) have positive influence on the Growth
Domestic Product in countries that have high income. This difference between developing and
developed economies causes economic disparities between countries. Entrepreneurship attitudes
are insignificant in explaining economic growth in the middle/low income economies but
positive and important for high-income economies. High-income economies entrepreneurs may
be more internationalized, innovative and growth focused than low or middle-income
economies’ entrepreneurs. Necessity entrepreneurs, normally borne from a lack other options of
employment, are dominant in low or middle-income countries. Moreover, the unemployment in
the United States is lower than in Zimbabwe with only individuals that have not attained
Technology
Change in technology is the “growth engine” in developed countries. Moreover, the
uninterrupted increasing rate of evolution on technology is another issue that leads to economic
disparities between nations. Thus, the contending explosive hoarding of capital and stagnation of
production is the second greatest characteristic of many countries. Technology unlocks the
predicts for a country’s welfare: it generates extra possibilities for producing new products and
services, strengthens automation, enhances the efficiency of information communication and
management, and reduces transportation costs, thus leading to economic disparities between

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countries. Generally, technology intensifies labor productivity straightforwardly or not, resulting
at the same time to the inauguration of present markets, spatially and in form of the
differentiation of product in a country. Intensified labor sharing and increased productivity
expedited by the increasing of global trade broadens the prospects for social and personal
progress within a country (Mattoo et al, 2019). Countries engaged on an economy that is
globalized may become more, richer, successful and educated. Moreover, the development of
artificial robots and intellect and the progress on technology provoke an exaggerated reduction of
the intensity of labor and increase exponentially the productivity of labor.
Part B: Application of theoretical insights to a pair of countries
The two countries that will be discussed in this paper are Zimbabwe and the United
States. Zimbabwe is a poor country with Growth Domestic Product being very low while United
States is a rich country with its Growth Domestic Product being extremely higher than that one
of the United States. The economic growth of the United States is innovation driven. The country
has a Growth Domestic Product of fifty-two thousand six hundred and seventy six. United State
is placed as the first country in the World in terms of economic growth.
Table 1 shows the labor force in the United States. According to the table below the rate
of unemployment is lower, with six hundred and ten being the highest for individuals that have
undergone less than high school diploma. As the level of education goes higher, the probability
of employment goes high (Lehrer, E., & Nerlove, M. 2016). Most of the population in the United
States have attained the minimum required education, which is the high school level (Juhn, C., &
Potter, S. 2016). This implies that most of the population are employed in white-collar jobs that
are well paying leading to a higher economic growth in the United States than in Zimbabwe
where the percentage of people who have attained high school education is minimum. The

ECONOMIC GROWTH AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
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participation rate in the labor force in the United States is extremely high in the United States
with figures ranging from 40-50 percent of the population (Oppenheimer, V. K. 2017). This
increased involvement of workers in the United States in its labor force ensures there is adequate
workforce to steer the economy of the country ahead. For Zimbabwe, the participation rate of
works in labor force is slightly minimum compared to the United States due to increased rates of
unemployment in the country (Mosisa, A., & Hipple, S. 2016). This makes USA to experience a
higher economic growth than the United States thus causing the disparities in the economy
between the two countries
Table 1. Status of Labor in the United States
Educational
attainment
2018 2019
Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. A
Less than a
high school
diploma
Civilian labor
force. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
.. 10,294 10,250 10,517 10,205 10,310 10,204 10,268 10,191 10,283 10,065 10,267 10,142 9
Participation
rate. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . .
. . ..
46.0 45.2 46.0 46.9 46.3 46.1 47.8 46.7 46.1 45.2 47.0 46.1
Employed. . . 9,692 9,691 9,932 9,691 9,722 9,635 9,658 9,619 9,683 9,489 9,720 9,548 9

ECONOMIC GROWTH AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
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. . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . .
. . . ..
Employment-
population
ratio. . . . . . ..
43.3 42.7 43.4 44.5 43.7 43.5 44.9 44.0 43.4 42.6 44.5 43.4
Unemployed.
. . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . .
. . ..
602 559 585 514 588 569 610 572 600 576 548 594
Unemployment
rate..................
5.8 5.5 5.6 5.0 5.7 5.6 5.9 5.6 5.8 5.7 5.3 5.9
High school
graduates, no
college1
Civilian labor
force. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
.. 35,487 35,771 36,108 36,511 36,132 36,213 36,103 35,901 36,154 36,301 36,230 35,983 35
Participation
rate. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . .
56.9 57.3 58.0 57.8 57.3 57.5 57.6 57.6 58.1 58.5 58.2 57.9

ECONOMIC GROWTH AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
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. . ..
Employed. . .
. . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . .
. . . ..
33,975 34,376 34,612 35,041 34,718 34,856 34,650 34,631 34,776 34,937 34,863 34,654 34
Employment-
population
ratio. . . . . . ..
54.5 55.1 55.6 55.5 55.1 55.3 55.3 55.6 55.9 56.3 56.0 55.8
Unemployed.
. . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . .
. . ..
1,512 1,395 1,496 1,470 1,414 1,357 1,454 1,271 1,377 1,363 1,367 1,329 1
Unemployment
rate..................
4.3 3.9 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.7 4.0 3.5 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.7
Some college
or associate
degree
Civilian labor
force. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
.. 37,880 37,852 37,793 37,502 37,296 37,390 37,531 37,471 37,175 37,339 37,213 37,268 37
Participation
rate. . . . . . . .
65.3 65.6 65.2 65.3 65.6 65.2 65.2 65.3 65.7 65.5 65.3 65.2

ECONOMIC GROWTH AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
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. . . . . . . . . . .
. . ..
Employed. . .
. . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . .
. . . ..
36,578 36,630 36,538 36,306 35,977 36,200 36,392 36,293 35,954 36,071 36,040 36,012 36
Employment-
population
ratio. . . . . . ..
63.1 63.5 63.1 63.2 63.2 63.1 63.2 63.2 63.5 63.2 63.3 63.0
Unemployed.
. . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . .
. . ..
1,302 1,223 1,255 1,196 1,320 1,189 1,139 1,178 1,222 1,268 1,173 1,256 1
Unemployment
rate..................
3.4 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.5 3.2 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.2 3.4
Bachelor’s
degree and
higher2
Civilian labor
force. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
.. 56,795 56,786 56,635 57,041 57,686 57,294 57,968 58,451 58,701 58,472 58,497 58,593 58

ECONOMIC GROWTH AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
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Participation
rate. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . .
. . ..
74.2 74.1 74.0 73.6 74.1 73.6 73.5 73.8 73.6 74.0 73.5 73.7
Employed. . .
. . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . .
. . . ..
55,616 55,645 55,323 55,776 56,508 56,167 56,782 57,150 57,442 57,078 57,220 57,409 57
Employment-
population
ratio. . . . . . ..
72.6 72.6 72.3 71.9 72.6 72.2 72.0 72.1 72.0 72.2 71.9 72.2
Unemployed.
. . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . .
. . ..
1,179 1,141 1,311 1,266 1,178 1,127 1,186 1,301 1,260 1,395 1,277 1,184 1
Unemployment
rate..................
2.1 2.0 2.3 2.2 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.4 2.2 2.0
Table 4.1 demonstrates that out of the six million people that are active economically,
eighty nine percent of the population were employed and eleven percent were unemployed. For
the population that is economically active in Zimbabwe, the greatest percentage of the labor
force (fifty-four %) comprised of workers involved in farming and communal work followed by
paid workers that were on a permanent basis at fourteen%. Forty-nine % of the labor force that
comprised of males were own account employees (resettlement and communal farming) twelve

ECONOMIC GROWTH AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
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% were own account employees (other) and twenty percent were paid workers in job that are
permanent. Concerning the female in the labor force in Zimbabwe, fifty-nine percent were own
account employees (resettlement and communal farming) (Standing, G. 2019). The table also
displays that the percentage contribution of the population that is economically active went down
with age. In this report, the youth have been split into two age groups fifteen to twenty four and
fifteen to thirty-four years. This is according to the African Union (AU) and the United Nations
description of youth, correspondingly. 31% of the labor force was aged between fifteen to twenty
four years. Youth at the age of fifteen to twenty-four percent were fifty-seven % of contributing
family employees, thirty-five percent of own account employees in communal farming, forty
eight % of the unemployed and thirty-four % of casual workers. Almost 6.1 million individuals
in Zimbabwe were presently active economically. 11% of the existing population that is
economically active was in wide unemployment. The existing labor force rates of participation
for females, males and for both genders were eighty-five, ninety and eighty-seven
correspondingly. The participation rates for labor force in Zimbabwe for males surpassed those
for females. The number of the presently population that is economically inactive remained at
eight hundred and thirty five thousand, of whom forty-four % were students (Fallon, P. R., &
Lucas, R. E. 2011). Of the existing population that is inactive in the rural regions, one in every
five was ill or sick. The labor force in Zimbabwe indicates the reason for the sluggish economic
growth in the country.
Table 2: Status of Labor in Zimbabwe
Age
Group
Male Female Total
Population
Labour
Force
Labour
Force
Participation
Rate Population
Labour
Force
Labour
Force
Participation
Rate Population
Labour
Force
Lab
For
Par

ECONOMIC GROWTH AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
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Rural
15 - 19 510
245
436 275 85.5 444
587
357 041 80.3 954
833
793 316
20 - 24 290
059
278 959 96.2 336
060
317 053 94.3 626
119
596 011
25 - 29 257
824
251 444 97.5 304
929
290 227 95.2 562
753
541 671
30 - 34 223
849
218 794 97.7 244
252
235 311 96.3 468
101
454 105
35 - 39 180
888
176 240 97.4 208
038
200 703 96.5 388
925
376 943
40 - 44 122
466
119 492 97.6 146
384
140 314 95.9 268
849
259 806
45 - 49 93 702 90 255 96.3 137
707
132 461 96.2 231
410
222 716
50 - 54 80 104 78 222 97.7 134
519
129 269 96.1 214
623
207 492
55 - 59 79 227 75 592 95.4 129
103
121 191 93.9 208
329
196 783
60 - 64 66 428 62 077 93.5 104
758
96 197 91.8 171
186
158 274
65 + 191
559
147 133 76.8 247
332
173 663 70.2 438
891
320 795
Total 2 096 351
1 934
483
92.3
2 437 669
2 193
430
90.0
4 534 020
4 127
913
Urban
15 - 19
160
229 58 925 36.8
245
425 115 237 47.0
405
654 174 161
20 - 24 175
154
148 116 84.6 233
051
189 768 81.4 408
205
337 884
25 - 29 179
472
174 143 97.0 220
641
189 456 85.9 400
113
363 598
30 - 34 166
558
164 347 98.7 177
866
154 521 86.9 344
424
318 868
35 - 39 133
605
131 079 98.1 129
580
117 030 90.3 263
185
248 109
40 - 44 111
617
108 537 97.2 83 875 74 665 89.0 195
492
183 202
45 - 49 55 857 53 983 96.6 66 060 60 444 91.5 121
917
114 427
50 - 54 44 040 42 208 95.8 48 748 39 225 80.5 92 789 81 432

ECONOMIC GROWTH AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
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55 - 59 36 343 35 233 96.9 32 204 23 539 73.1 68 547 58 772
60 - 64 25 244 22 785 90.3 23 267 15 061 64.7 48 511 37 846
65 + 37 441 21 827 58.3 46 089 15 727 34.1 83 530 37 555
Total 1 125 560 961 182
85.4
1 306 807 994 672
76.1
2 432 367
1 955
854
Zimbabwe
15 - 19
670
474 495 200 73.9
690
012 472 277 68.4 1 360 487 967 477
20 - 24 465
212
427 075 91.8 569
112
506 821 89.1 1 034,324 933 895
25 - 29 437
297
425 587 97.3 525
570
479 683 91.3 962
866
905 269
30 - 34 390
407
383 141 98.1 422
118
389 832 92.4 812
525
772 973
35 - 39 314
492
307 319 97.7 337
618
317 733 94.1 652
110
625 052
40 - 44 234
083
228 029 97.4 230
259
214 979 93.4 464
341
443 008
45 - 49 149
560
144 239 96.4 203
767
192 905 94.7 353
327
337 143
50 - 54 124
144
120 430 97.0 183
267
168 494 91.9 307
412
288 924
55 - 59 115
569
110 825 95.9 161
307
144 730 89.7 276
876
255 555
60 - 64 91 672 84 862 92.6 128
026
111 259 86.9 219
697
196 120
65 + 229
000
168 960 73.8 293
420
189 390 64.5 522
421
358 350
Total 3 221 910
2 895
666 89.9 3 744 476
3 188
101 85.1 6 966 386
6 083
767
Table 4. 2: Labour Force Participation Rate by Province and Sex, Zimbabwe
2011 LFCLS
Province
Male Female Total
Population Labour
Force
Labour
Force
Participation
Population Labour
Force
Labour
Force
Participation
Population Labour
Force
La
Fo
Pa

ECONOMIC GROWTH AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
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Rate Rate Ra
Manicaland 397 448 374
112
94.1 493 429 447
593
90.7 890 877 821
705
Mash
Central 304 036
280
376 92.2 317 534
287
368 90.5 621 570
567
744
Mash East 352 692 317
082
89.9 403 962 349
058
86.4 756 654 666
140
Mash West 372 620 338
494
90.8 394 177 339
658
86.2 766 797 678
152
Mat North 150 110 133
555
89.0 190 199 156
096
82.1 340 309 289
651
Mat South 146 606 121
510
82.9 188 987 155
260
82.2 335 593 276
770
Midlands 392 433 358
735
91.4 446 084 386
862
86.7 838 517 745
597
Masvingo 312 921 288
910
92.3 398 872 368
088
92.3 711 793 656
998
Harare 625 058 546
120
87.4 695 935 541
375
77.8 1 320 992 1 087
496
Bulawayo 167 986 136
770
81.4 215 298 156
743
72.8 383 284 293
514
Zimbabwe 3 221 910
2 895
666 89.9 3 744 476
3 188
101 85.1 6 966 386
6 083
767
When it comes to technological advancement, Zimbabwe Statistic Agency presented a
report that indicated that surveyed 7955 institutions around Zimbabwe. Of the institutions
surveyed 2341 were secondary schools, 5569 are primary schools and sixteen are universities.
The survey indicated that the level of access to mobile phones considerably low in Zimbabwe.
Out of the 7955 institutions surveyed, only three thousand four hundred and ninety four
institutions had access to a mobile phone. That denotes forty four percent of the institutions in
the Zimbabwe, which is considerably minimal. According to the survey, eighty-six percent of the
institutions have a mobile network signal access. It is only three training colleges out of the

ECONOMIC GROWTH AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
16
twelve were reported as having a fixed telephone access. This shows how the advancement of
technology is minimal in Zimbabwe making difficult for the country to experience a rapid
economic growth like the United States. Electricity access is essential for any technological
advancement in technology (Moyo, S., & Veeman, M. 2014). However, Zimbabwe has a great
number of institutions that are not connected to electricity making it difficult for the
technological advancement to take place in the Zimbabwe. This has also contributed to the
sluggish growth of economy in the Zimbabwe (Dixon, R. B. 2012). The figure below indicates
the levels of internet use in Zimbabwe, which are the obstacles to internet access (16/25), limits
on content (15/35), violations of user rights (25/40). All this statistics indicate how Zimbabwe is
facing numerous challenges to its technological advancement making it to lag behind when it
comes to economic growth.
Figure 1Status of Technology in the United States
In the United States of America, smart phones, cell phones, tablets, social media, and
other inventions from the current era all portray a rapid rate of adoption of technology in the
United States. The tablet computer that went from about zero percent to fifty percent adoption in
5 years was the most standing out technology in the United States (National Center for Health

ECONOMIC GROWTH AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
17
Statistics US. 2010). In the United States, the rate of adoption of a technology is faster which is
because the current technology experts require minimal infrastructure in contrast with cable
lines, electricity grids, water pipes and telephone wires that had to be fitted throughout the
twentieth century. The high rate of technological adoption rate in the United States makes the
rate of economic growth in the country to grow at a faster rate as compared to Zimbabwe. The
United States possesses consumers that are not afraid to adopt new technologies and are fast –
acting, this also makes the country to grow at a faster rate as compared to a country like
Zimbabwe (Russell et al. 2019). United States has greatly invested in technological advancement
by creating a broad amount of technological infrastructure through networking and building
effects so that the technology can make the technological item valuable for consumers.
Figure 2 Status of Technology in the United States
United States is positioned first out of one hundred and thirty seven organizations
registered on GEDI (Global Entrepreneurship and Development Index) according to a study
conducted in the year 2018. In most instances, entrepreneurs are innovators, and large majorities
of Americans always desire to commence a business every year notwithstanding the risks in the

ECONOMIC GROWTH AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
18
United States. This makes the country to experience a rapid economic growth since most of its
population is composed of entrepreneurs (Shane, S. 2016). Nearly 21.9 percent of the small
entrepreneurial ventures in the United States have utilized family and personal savings to start
their ventures whereas 5.7 percent have utilized entrepreneurial assets and profits, and eight
percent have utilized business credit cards and loans from the banks in the United States
(Reynolds, P. D. 2017). The environment for beginning a business in the United States is
conducive making it easy for many individuals to begin business ventures on their own, thereby
causing a rapid economic growth in the United States.
Figure 3 Entrepreneurship in the Economy of the United States
Zimbabwe is a nation with wide resources usually referred as “the land flowing with milk and
honey”, however, the nation has many prospects that are yet to be exploited. Notwithstanding the
fact that many individuals in the nation are suffering from high rates of literacy rate, most of the
youths carry on to endure devastating standards of living linked with immorality and a bedrock

ECONOMIC GROWTH AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
19
of unemployment (Mauchi et al, 2011). Entrepreneurs in the country continue to undergo the
following challenges when it comes to entrepreneurship, which include cultural and social
attitudes, mismatch between skills and industry requirements, limited start-support schemes,
regulatory and complex legal environment and limited access to affordable finance (Chitsike, C.
2018). All this challenges makes it difficult for the population in Zimbabwe to undertake
entrepreneurship easily. Therefore, this affects the rate of economic growth in Zimbabwe making
it to move slowly as compared to the United States that experience a rapid rate of economic
growth.
Figure 4 Barriers facing youth entrepreneurs in Zimbabwe
Part C. Policy Recommendation
To ensure Zimbabwe is in the same position as United States in terms of technology, the
government of Zimbabwe should invest greatly on technological infrastructure such as
expanding its internet access for to reach more people in the country and ensuring most of the
places in the country are connected to electricity. This makes it easy to utilize technological

ECONOMIC GROWTH AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
20
equipment when electric power is available (Tsokota, T., & von Solms, R. 2013). The
government can also try to offer lower price mobile phone to its citizens so that even individuals
that are not financially stable can be able to purchase
The government of Zimbabwe should also strive to ensure it provides its citizens with a
good environment to allow its citizens start entrepreneurial ventures. The government should try
to eliminate mismatch between skills and industry requirements, limited start-up support
schemes, regulatory and complex legal environment and limited access to affordable finance. By
eliminating this, the citizens in Zimbabwe will be able to engage in entrepreneurial ventures and
thus will lead to an increased economic growth similar to that one of the United States (Shopo,
T. D. 2015).

ECONOMIC GROWTH AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
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