Effective Communication in Health Care and Self-Awareness
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This essay discusses how self-awareness informs effective communication in health care, how it is applied by the health care workers and the benefits of this concept in a health care scenario. Effective communication strategies for health care construct attempt to bridge the communication gap in the health care and contributes significantly to ensuring patient safety and quality of the care that is being provided.
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Running head: EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION AND SELF-AWARENESS
Effective communication in health care and Self-awareness
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Effective communication in health care and Self-awareness
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1EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION AND SELF-AWARENESS
There is a pressing need in the health care industry for the grievances of the patients to be
heard and detailed information about the care to be provided to the patient population as well in
order to improve the safety and efficacy of the patient centred care (King and Hoppe 2013).
Effective communication strategies for heath care construct attempt to bridge the communication
gap in the health care and contributes significantly to ensuring patient safety and quality of the
care that is being provided. There are various conceptions within effective communication such
as emotional intelligence, empathy, self awareness. This essay will attempt to discuss how self
awareness informs effective communication in health care, how it is applied by the health care
workers and the benefits of this concept in a health care scenario.
Communication and interaction has multidimensional impact on the health care.
According to the standards of the good medical practice in Australia, each and every health care
professional is accountable for fostering shared decision making in the healthcare industry
(Medicalboard.gov.au 2018). On a more elaborative note, the patient have a right to understand
their health concerns and be involved in the health care decision making process. Hence effective
and optimal information sharing and communication is a mandate of the good medical practice.
According to the Oho.qld.gov.au (2018), each and every individual that presents in the health
care industry has a right to be effectively informed about the health services provided to them,
the expenses involved and the treatment options available to them. Along with that, the patients
and their family members have a lawful right to receive the above mentioned communication in
a manner that they will understand. This are also the sections where the effective communication
plays a fundamental role, it is the potent medium between the health care providers and the
patients that can improve the overall satisfaction of the patients and be able to provide better long
term health outcomes. Hence, effective communication provides empowerment, sense of value
There is a pressing need in the health care industry for the grievances of the patients to be
heard and detailed information about the care to be provided to the patient population as well in
order to improve the safety and efficacy of the patient centred care (King and Hoppe 2013).
Effective communication strategies for heath care construct attempt to bridge the communication
gap in the health care and contributes significantly to ensuring patient safety and quality of the
care that is being provided. There are various conceptions within effective communication such
as emotional intelligence, empathy, self awareness. This essay will attempt to discuss how self
awareness informs effective communication in health care, how it is applied by the health care
workers and the benefits of this concept in a health care scenario.
Communication and interaction has multidimensional impact on the health care.
According to the standards of the good medical practice in Australia, each and every health care
professional is accountable for fostering shared decision making in the healthcare industry
(Medicalboard.gov.au 2018). On a more elaborative note, the patient have a right to understand
their health concerns and be involved in the health care decision making process. Hence effective
and optimal information sharing and communication is a mandate of the good medical practice.
According to the Oho.qld.gov.au (2018), each and every individual that presents in the health
care industry has a right to be effectively informed about the health services provided to them,
the expenses involved and the treatment options available to them. Along with that, the patients
and their family members have a lawful right to receive the above mentioned communication in
a manner that they will understand. This are also the sections where the effective communication
plays a fundamental role, it is the potent medium between the health care providers and the
patients that can improve the overall satisfaction of the patients and be able to provide better long
term health outcomes. Hence, effective communication provides empowerment, sense of value
2EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION AND SELF-AWARENESS
and control to the patients and help in reinstating shared decision making and patient centred
care. Hence, undoubtedly effective communication has a tremendous use in health care hence the
health care workers also need to practice effective communication optimally (Curtis et al. 2013).
According to the national health survey data, it is very clear that 60% of the patient
population of the Australian demographics had been reported to have various different
difficulties in communication and it has been attributed to poor attitude in the health care
professionals, lack of inadequate information sharing, providing incorrect or misleading
information, and not accommodating special needs (Oho.qld.gov.au 2018). Now it has to be
mentioned in this context, that communication has two sides, verbal and nonverbal. The
inadequacy in both verbal and nonverbal communication can deteriorate the end result or the
outcome of the interaction, which in health care will not only breach the patient centeredness of
the care but can also lead to misdiagnosis, medical errors and fatal outcomes of the patients. One
of the greatest elements influencing the communication skills of an individual is the presence of
self awareness in the individual (Ellington et al. 2012).
Self awareness can be defined as the process that provides a particular health acre
individual with the opportunity to examine their own feelings, behavior, emotions and the
attitude. It has to be mentioned that self awareness is a skill that provides the individuals with the
opportunity to not only better understand their personal nature, strengths and weaknesses, but it
also be able to understand other people with better clarity along with their needs and grievances.
According to the Rasheed (2015), it has to be mentioned that self awareness is a complex
phenomenon and it is very difficult for an individual to be acutely self aware in the present
situation. Researchers are of the opinion that the idea of knowing about oneself is a very
complex and critical pursuit, and is a time consuming process involving struggle of continuous
and control to the patients and help in reinstating shared decision making and patient centred
care. Hence, undoubtedly effective communication has a tremendous use in health care hence the
health care workers also need to practice effective communication optimally (Curtis et al. 2013).
According to the national health survey data, it is very clear that 60% of the patient
population of the Australian demographics had been reported to have various different
difficulties in communication and it has been attributed to poor attitude in the health care
professionals, lack of inadequate information sharing, providing incorrect or misleading
information, and not accommodating special needs (Oho.qld.gov.au 2018). Now it has to be
mentioned in this context, that communication has two sides, verbal and nonverbal. The
inadequacy in both verbal and nonverbal communication can deteriorate the end result or the
outcome of the interaction, which in health care will not only breach the patient centeredness of
the care but can also lead to misdiagnosis, medical errors and fatal outcomes of the patients. One
of the greatest elements influencing the communication skills of an individual is the presence of
self awareness in the individual (Ellington et al. 2012).
Self awareness can be defined as the process that provides a particular health acre
individual with the opportunity to examine their own feelings, behavior, emotions and the
attitude. It has to be mentioned that self awareness is a skill that provides the individuals with the
opportunity to not only better understand their personal nature, strengths and weaknesses, but it
also be able to understand other people with better clarity along with their needs and grievances.
According to the Rasheed (2015), it has to be mentioned that self awareness is a complex
phenomenon and it is very difficult for an individual to be acutely self aware in the present
situation. Researchers are of the opinion that the idea of knowing about oneself is a very
complex and critical pursuit, and is a time consuming process involving struggle of continuous
3EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION AND SELF-AWARENESS
change. However, it has to be mentioned self awareness. By definition the self awareness is a
mental, physical and psychosocial attributes integrated in the human psyche in order to be able to
be managing the societal interactions with the help of encompassing emotional intelligence and
empathy with the assistance of acknowledging one’s own feelings and thoughts. In the health
care context, communication is needed to be in accordance with compassion and empathy for the
patients and their struggle and suffering facilitated by the burden of the diseases. According to
the Eckroth-Bucher (2010), the lack of self awareness or a connection to personal thoughts and
feelings can never facilitate the ability of an individual to be able to understand the feelings and
thoughts of another human being.
In order to understand how self awareness is used by the health care workforce in the care
scenario, the relationship between self awareness and the client care relationship. It has to be
mentioned that while in the hospice stay the patient spends the most of their time with the care
providers, especially the nurses. The concept of self awareness is used as a tool to improve the
therapeutic relationship with the patient and be able to help the care professional become aware
of how he or she can function in a situation and whether it is concurrent with the professional
roles and responsibility of the care provider. On a more elaborative note, the Eckroth-Bucher
(2010) had stated that self-awareness involves the cerebral exercise of introspection performed
by an individual. It is the process of getting to know how a person is and the important things in
life to that person and the influence of it on the everyday life aspects. However, by the health
care workers, the self awareness is not a tool for only self discovery or understanding of the
skills that one care provider might have. The self awareness in the care scenario is also used as
the reflection tool for exploring and understanding how personal attitude, beliefs and values can
influence others. In the communication with the patients, the nonverbal cues of the
change. However, it has to be mentioned self awareness. By definition the self awareness is a
mental, physical and psychosocial attributes integrated in the human psyche in order to be able to
be managing the societal interactions with the help of encompassing emotional intelligence and
empathy with the assistance of acknowledging one’s own feelings and thoughts. In the health
care context, communication is needed to be in accordance with compassion and empathy for the
patients and their struggle and suffering facilitated by the burden of the diseases. According to
the Eckroth-Bucher (2010), the lack of self awareness or a connection to personal thoughts and
feelings can never facilitate the ability of an individual to be able to understand the feelings and
thoughts of another human being.
In order to understand how self awareness is used by the health care workforce in the care
scenario, the relationship between self awareness and the client care relationship. It has to be
mentioned that while in the hospice stay the patient spends the most of their time with the care
providers, especially the nurses. The concept of self awareness is used as a tool to improve the
therapeutic relationship with the patient and be able to help the care professional become aware
of how he or she can function in a situation and whether it is concurrent with the professional
roles and responsibility of the care provider. On a more elaborative note, the Eckroth-Bucher
(2010) had stated that self-awareness involves the cerebral exercise of introspection performed
by an individual. It is the process of getting to know how a person is and the important things in
life to that person and the influence of it on the everyday life aspects. However, by the health
care workers, the self awareness is not a tool for only self discovery or understanding of the
skills that one care provider might have. The self awareness in the care scenario is also used as
the reflection tool for exploring and understanding how personal attitude, beliefs and values can
influence others. In the communication with the patients, the nonverbal cues of the
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4EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION AND SELF-AWARENESS
communication such as the body language, approach, gestures and even the tone of voice can
have a significant impact on the communication quality and response nature elicited from the
patient (Scheick 2011). Hence, when used as the tool for reflecting and understanding how
personal beliefs and thoughts impact communication approach and influence the responsiveness
of the recipient, the patients in this case can help in improving the health care worker improving
their approach according to the needs of the patients and adhering to the legislative protocols and
guidelines. Hence reflective practice and personal development is one sector where the health
care workforce utilizes the concept of self awareness to improve their practice competency and
improve the nonverbal communication attributes when working with patients (Sinclair et al.
2017).
Another sector within the health care where the health care professionals utilize self
awareness skills while communicating and providing care to the patients, this transformative and
dynamic process also plays a fundamental role while a nurse is attempting to establish a
therapeutic relationship with a patient. According to the Ünal (2012), it has to be mentioned that
for the communication to be effective and fruitful in the patient-carer interaction, a mutually
respectful and responsive interpersonal relationship between the both parties is crucial. Here,
with the help of self awareness the nurse is able to better understand the needs and grievances of
the patients as well, helping the approach to be tailor made for each patient while introducing
themselves to the patient and establishing a relationship of trust and communication comfort. It
is also crucially important when the patient belongs to a culturally diverse setting (Oh et al.
2015). the self awareness provides the care professional with the ideals and respect to different
diverse backgrounds and be able to understand and acknowledge the respect and cultural
inclusion they would have expected if they were receiving care. This introspection activity helps
communication such as the body language, approach, gestures and even the tone of voice can
have a significant impact on the communication quality and response nature elicited from the
patient (Scheick 2011). Hence, when used as the tool for reflecting and understanding how
personal beliefs and thoughts impact communication approach and influence the responsiveness
of the recipient, the patients in this case can help in improving the health care worker improving
their approach according to the needs of the patients and adhering to the legislative protocols and
guidelines. Hence reflective practice and personal development is one sector where the health
care workforce utilizes the concept of self awareness to improve their practice competency and
improve the nonverbal communication attributes when working with patients (Sinclair et al.
2017).
Another sector within the health care where the health care professionals utilize self
awareness skills while communicating and providing care to the patients, this transformative and
dynamic process also plays a fundamental role while a nurse is attempting to establish a
therapeutic relationship with a patient. According to the Ünal (2012), it has to be mentioned that
for the communication to be effective and fruitful in the patient-carer interaction, a mutually
respectful and responsive interpersonal relationship between the both parties is crucial. Here,
with the help of self awareness the nurse is able to better understand the needs and grievances of
the patients as well, helping the approach to be tailor made for each patient while introducing
themselves to the patient and establishing a relationship of trust and communication comfort. It
is also crucially important when the patient belongs to a culturally diverse setting (Oh et al.
2015). the self awareness provides the care professional with the ideals and respect to different
diverse backgrounds and be able to understand and acknowledge the respect and cultural
inclusion they would have expected if they were receiving care. This introspection activity helps
5EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION AND SELF-AWARENESS
in understanding the cultural safety and how it can be incorporated in the therapeutic care setting
for the patient and the exact communication or interaction approach. The third most important
sector where the use of self awareness is crucial is the incorporation of shared decision making in
the care scenario. It has to be mentioned that according to the standards of the Good medical
Practice, shared decision making is a fundamental requirement of effective and safe patient
centred care (). According to the Dossey and Keegan (2012), the patient participation is a very
complex aspect, although the patients feel empowered and valued in the care setting if their
views and demands are given priorities in the care planning and implementation process; the lack
of knowledge about the complex medical terminologies, acceptance of the new role, morbidity,
lack of confidence, and other social factors complicate the process of active shared decision
making. In this case, self awareness is exercised by the nurses that attempt to understand how
factors such as personal beliefs, type of sickness, desire to remain in control, social status, ethnic
background, and the health worker-patient relationship impact the decision making process. And
hence communicate with the patient in an easy to understand manner and involve them in
decision making in the processes that they can understand and relate to. Along with that the
health care workers can also apply self-awareness to influence the process of decision making for
the patients as well, so that they can be able to make decisions on their own regarding their
health (Arnold and Boggs 2015).
Considering the benefits of the self awareness in improving the communication between
the patients and health care workers, the impact is multidimensional. It has to be mentioned that
self awareness is a very important tool for personal growth and in turn it helps an individual to
manage their own self under any circumstances and also be able to improve performance. In the
field of nursing, it helps in strengthening competency to provide high quality care and greater
in understanding the cultural safety and how it can be incorporated in the therapeutic care setting
for the patient and the exact communication or interaction approach. The third most important
sector where the use of self awareness is crucial is the incorporation of shared decision making in
the care scenario. It has to be mentioned that according to the standards of the Good medical
Practice, shared decision making is a fundamental requirement of effective and safe patient
centred care (). According to the Dossey and Keegan (2012), the patient participation is a very
complex aspect, although the patients feel empowered and valued in the care setting if their
views and demands are given priorities in the care planning and implementation process; the lack
of knowledge about the complex medical terminologies, acceptance of the new role, morbidity,
lack of confidence, and other social factors complicate the process of active shared decision
making. In this case, self awareness is exercised by the nurses that attempt to understand how
factors such as personal beliefs, type of sickness, desire to remain in control, social status, ethnic
background, and the health worker-patient relationship impact the decision making process. And
hence communicate with the patient in an easy to understand manner and involve them in
decision making in the processes that they can understand and relate to. Along with that the
health care workers can also apply self-awareness to influence the process of decision making for
the patients as well, so that they can be able to make decisions on their own regarding their
health (Arnold and Boggs 2015).
Considering the benefits of the self awareness in improving the communication between
the patients and health care workers, the impact is multidimensional. It has to be mentioned that
self awareness is a very important tool for personal growth and in turn it helps an individual to
manage their own self under any circumstances and also be able to improve performance. In the
field of nursing, it helps in strengthening competency to provide high quality care and greater
6EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION AND SELF-AWARENESS
satisfaction in the client care. This process helps in incorporating a dynamic and transformative
process of continuous self reflection and change. Along with that, it also incorporates self
assessment in the construct of care guide behavior and communication in a genuine way,
improving the interpersonal relationships with patients. According to the Scheick (2011), self
awareness not only improves care outcomes and communication, but it also aids in better
management of the personal stress in their lives. Without effective mindful self awareness, the
care providers can project unacknowledged emotional encumbrances into the care relationship
affecting the interaction in turn. Self awareness therefore, not only improves verbal and
nonverbal gestures and communication of health care workers, it helps them better tehr personal
values, attitudes and principles to feel the suffering of those they care for and be able to provide
them support that is most useful and most needed by them (Slatore et al. 2012).
On a concluding note, communication practice that has a two way information sharing
process that involves parties conveying and receiving messages that are effectively or easily
heard and understood. It has to be understood in this context that the effective communication is
one of the most important and essential tools for providing safe and effective patient centred care
to the patients. It has to be mentioned that patient centred care has become the need of the hour
in the present day situation and in order to provide a care that in not only optimally safe and
efficient, there is need for the health care providers to design and implement a care program that
takes into consideration each and every wish and preference of the patient and even their family
members. Self awareness provides the care professionals with the opportunity to better
understand their personal characteristic traits such as wishes, demands and values and in turn
helps gain a better understanding of the demands and the grievances of the patients in the
different care settings resulting into better communication.
satisfaction in the client care. This process helps in incorporating a dynamic and transformative
process of continuous self reflection and change. Along with that, it also incorporates self
assessment in the construct of care guide behavior and communication in a genuine way,
improving the interpersonal relationships with patients. According to the Scheick (2011), self
awareness not only improves care outcomes and communication, but it also aids in better
management of the personal stress in their lives. Without effective mindful self awareness, the
care providers can project unacknowledged emotional encumbrances into the care relationship
affecting the interaction in turn. Self awareness therefore, not only improves verbal and
nonverbal gestures and communication of health care workers, it helps them better tehr personal
values, attitudes and principles to feel the suffering of those they care for and be able to provide
them support that is most useful and most needed by them (Slatore et al. 2012).
On a concluding note, communication practice that has a two way information sharing
process that involves parties conveying and receiving messages that are effectively or easily
heard and understood. It has to be understood in this context that the effective communication is
one of the most important and essential tools for providing safe and effective patient centred care
to the patients. It has to be mentioned that patient centred care has become the need of the hour
in the present day situation and in order to provide a care that in not only optimally safe and
efficient, there is need for the health care providers to design and implement a care program that
takes into consideration each and every wish and preference of the patient and even their family
members. Self awareness provides the care professionals with the opportunity to better
understand their personal characteristic traits such as wishes, demands and values and in turn
helps gain a better understanding of the demands and the grievances of the patients in the
different care settings resulting into better communication.
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7EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION AND SELF-AWARENESS
8EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION AND SELF-AWARENESS
References:
Arnold, E.C. and Boggs, K.U., 2015. Interpersonal Relationships-E-Book: Professional
Communication Skills for Nurses. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Curtis, J.R., Back, A.L., Ford, D.W., Downey, L., Shannon, S.E., Doorenbos, A.Z., Kross, E.K.,
Reinke, L.F., Feemster, L.C., Edlund, B. and Arnold, R.W., 2013. Effect of communication skills
training for residents and nurse practitioners on quality of communication with patients with
serious illness: a randomized trial. Jama, 310(21), pp.2271-2281.
Dossey, B.M. and Keegan, L., 2012. Holistic nursing. Jones & Bartlett Publishers.
Eckroth-Bucher, M., 2010. Self-awareness: A review and analysis of a basic nursing
concept. Advances in Nursing Science, 33(4), pp.297-309.
Ellington, L., Reblin, M., Clayton, M.F., Berry, P. and Mooney, K., 2012. Hospice nurse
communication with patients with cancer and their family caregivers. Journal of palliative
medicine, 15(3), pp.262-268.
King, A. and Hoppe, R.B., 2013. “Best practice” for patient-centered communication: a narrative
review. Journal of graduate medical education, 5(3), pp.385-393.
Lancaster, G., Kolakowsky‐Hayner, S., Kovacich, J. and Greer‐Williams, N., 2015.
Interdisciplinary communication and collaboration among physicians, nurses, and unlicensed
assistive personnel. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 47(3), pp.275-284.
Lavelle, M., Healey, P.G. and McCabe, R., 2012. Is nonverbal communication disrupted in
interactions involving patients with schizophrenia?. Schizophrenia bulletin, 39(5), pp.1150-1158.
References:
Arnold, E.C. and Boggs, K.U., 2015. Interpersonal Relationships-E-Book: Professional
Communication Skills for Nurses. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Curtis, J.R., Back, A.L., Ford, D.W., Downey, L., Shannon, S.E., Doorenbos, A.Z., Kross, E.K.,
Reinke, L.F., Feemster, L.C., Edlund, B. and Arnold, R.W., 2013. Effect of communication skills
training for residents and nurse practitioners on quality of communication with patients with
serious illness: a randomized trial. Jama, 310(21), pp.2271-2281.
Dossey, B.M. and Keegan, L., 2012. Holistic nursing. Jones & Bartlett Publishers.
Eckroth-Bucher, M., 2010. Self-awareness: A review and analysis of a basic nursing
concept. Advances in Nursing Science, 33(4), pp.297-309.
Ellington, L., Reblin, M., Clayton, M.F., Berry, P. and Mooney, K., 2012. Hospice nurse
communication with patients with cancer and their family caregivers. Journal of palliative
medicine, 15(3), pp.262-268.
King, A. and Hoppe, R.B., 2013. “Best practice” for patient-centered communication: a narrative
review. Journal of graduate medical education, 5(3), pp.385-393.
Lancaster, G., Kolakowsky‐Hayner, S., Kovacich, J. and Greer‐Williams, N., 2015.
Interdisciplinary communication and collaboration among physicians, nurses, and unlicensed
assistive personnel. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 47(3), pp.275-284.
Lavelle, M., Healey, P.G. and McCabe, R., 2012. Is nonverbal communication disrupted in
interactions involving patients with schizophrenia?. Schizophrenia bulletin, 39(5), pp.1150-1158.
9EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION AND SELF-AWARENESS
Medicalboard.gov.au. (2018). Medical Board of Australia - Codes, Guidelines and Policies.
[online] Available at: http://www.medicalboard.gov.au/Codes-Guidelines-Policies.aspx
[Accessed 25 May 2018].
Oh, E.J., Ko, S.H., Kim, J.Y. and Kim, S.R., 2015. Self-awareness, other-awareness and
communication ability in nursing students. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
Administration, 21(4), pp.426-434.
Oho.qld.gov.au. (2018). Effective communication in healthcare. [online] Available at:
http://www.oho.qld.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Effective-communication-in-
healthcare.pdf [Accessed 25 May 2018].
Rasheed, S.P., 2015. Self-Awareness as a Therapeutic Tool for Nurse/Client
Relationship. International journal of caring sciences, 8(1).
Scheick, D.M., 2011. Developing self-aware mindfulness to manage countertransference in the
nurse-client relationship: an evaluation and developmental study. Journal of Professional
Nursing, 27(2), pp.114-123.
Sinclair, S., Kondejewski, J., Raffin‐Bouchal, S., King‐Shier, K.M. and Singh, P., 2017. Can
Self‐Compassion Promote Healthcare Provider Well‐Being and Compassionate Care to Others?
Results of a Systematic Review. Applied Psychology: Health and Well
‐Being, 9(2), pp.168-206.
Slatore, C.G., Hansen, L., Ganzini, L., Press, N., Osborne, M.L., Chesnutt, M.S. and Mularski,
R.A., 2012. Communication by nurses in the intensive care unit: qualitative analysis of domains
of patient-centered care. American Journal of Critical Care, 21(6), pp.410-418.
Medicalboard.gov.au. (2018). Medical Board of Australia - Codes, Guidelines and Policies.
[online] Available at: http://www.medicalboard.gov.au/Codes-Guidelines-Policies.aspx
[Accessed 25 May 2018].
Oh, E.J., Ko, S.H., Kim, J.Y. and Kim, S.R., 2015. Self-awareness, other-awareness and
communication ability in nursing students. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
Administration, 21(4), pp.426-434.
Oho.qld.gov.au. (2018). Effective communication in healthcare. [online] Available at:
http://www.oho.qld.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Effective-communication-in-
healthcare.pdf [Accessed 25 May 2018].
Rasheed, S.P., 2015. Self-Awareness as a Therapeutic Tool for Nurse/Client
Relationship. International journal of caring sciences, 8(1).
Scheick, D.M., 2011. Developing self-aware mindfulness to manage countertransference in the
nurse-client relationship: an evaluation and developmental study. Journal of Professional
Nursing, 27(2), pp.114-123.
Sinclair, S., Kondejewski, J., Raffin‐Bouchal, S., King‐Shier, K.M. and Singh, P., 2017. Can
Self‐Compassion Promote Healthcare Provider Well‐Being and Compassionate Care to Others?
Results of a Systematic Review. Applied Psychology: Health and Well
‐Being, 9(2), pp.168-206.
Slatore, C.G., Hansen, L., Ganzini, L., Press, N., Osborne, M.L., Chesnutt, M.S. and Mularski,
R.A., 2012. Communication by nurses in the intensive care unit: qualitative analysis of domains
of patient-centered care. American Journal of Critical Care, 21(6), pp.410-418.
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10EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION AND SELF-AWARENESS
Tay, L.H., Ang, E. and Hegney, D., 2012. Nurses’ perceptions of the barriers in effective
communication with inpatient cancer adults in Singapore. Journal of clinical nursing, 21(17‐18),
pp.2647-2658.
Ünal, S., 2012. Evaluating the effect of self-awareness and communication techniques on nurses’
assertiveness and self-esteem. Contemporary nurse, 43(1), pp.90-98.
Tay, L.H., Ang, E. and Hegney, D., 2012. Nurses’ perceptions of the barriers in effective
communication with inpatient cancer adults in Singapore. Journal of clinical nursing, 21(17‐18),
pp.2647-2658.
Ünal, S., 2012. Evaluating the effect of self-awareness and communication techniques on nurses’
assertiveness and self-esteem. Contemporary nurse, 43(1), pp.90-98.
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