Executive Summary The main purpose of this report is to understand the importance of an effective team which could benefit individuals in getting successful outcomes. The aim is to know how an effective could be formed along with how its working could impact the success of team. The report also analyse what barriers an effective team could face and what roles individuals play while forming a team.
Table of Contents INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1 MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1 How students can develop an effective team.........................................................................1 The impact effective team working can have for team success............................................2 Barriers to effective teamwork..............................................................................................3 The types of roles that are needed to create a cohesive and effective team...........................4 CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................5 REFERENCES................................................................................................................................6
INTRODUCTION Effective team is defined as the group of people who have capability to achieve certain task and objective in a specific time period. Effective team is the backbone of every organisation as it helps them in accomplishing goals and enhance profitability(Kozlowski and Bell, 2019). Every individual who is a member of team is responsible for their success as a team.University of Wales Trinity Saint David was established in the year 2010 in London and has an aim to transform student's lives who are connected with them. The university has diversity in its campus as students belongs to different gender, age, demographics, experience and background. The following report covers how students could develop an effective team along with its impacts of team success.Furthermore, the barriers an effective team could face have also been explained. The last section of this report focus on different types of roles that will be required to create cohesive and effective team. MAIN BODY How students can develop an effective team Effective team of students help them in accomplishing their objectives in certain time period and also assist them in learning new skills from each other. For students, to create a strong effective team, the Tuckman's theory could be applied. Tuckman's theory This theory defines the journey of an effective team from its initial formation to how it accomplishes their objectives(Warburton and Ryan, 2018). This theory was given by Bruce Tuckman who explained that team development has to go through five stages to become an effective team. The five stages of this theory has been described below in detail: Forming:This is the first stage of this theory according to which a leader selects different individuals to form a team and assigns them a task. The team members at this phase behave politely with each other and are excited about what they will do in future. As the roles of people are not defined yet, the mentor has to direct them. Storming:At this stage team members start addressing the given task by presenting their opinions and suggestions in front of each other.Conflicts between team members might arise when they will have different perspective of achieving their objective.If this situation is not managed correctly by the leader then it might become destructive for team. In this phase, either 1
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team members build their relationships or become against each other. In worst scenarios, team could be stuck in this phase if conflicts are not resolved properly. Norming:When the team pass the storming phase by resolving their conflicts, they enter norming stage. At this stage, team members start recognising value of each other and appreciate contribution of each individual in team(Stone and et. al., 2017). The team leaders at this phase do not have to guide team on regular basis and members could take their responsibility towards completion of task. Performing:At this phase, every team member knows their roles and responsibilities as well as have clear purpose. They put all their efforts and work with full potential to accomplish its aim efficiently. Every team member is self-reliant and confident towards completing their tasks without having supervision from their leaders.Team will be able to perform prominently without any conflicts and misunderstandings. Adjourning:This is the last stage of Tuckman's theory which was developed later and was not mentioned in old model. According to this stage,team get splits when their objective has been achieved by them in a specific period of time.This stage could also be called as mourning phase as team members get separated from each other after working for long time which could become difficult for them. The impact effective team working can have for team success An effective team has a major impact on the success of achieving objective and on team. When every member of a team works together on same project, it helps them in improving their skills, morale, productivity and quality of work(Pluhar and et. al., 2019).An effective working by every team member could benefit them in various ways out of which some are discussed below: Enhance cooperation:Team members working together without any conflicts while being cooperative with each other plays a major role in team success. Every member of a team performs individually according to their skills but work together towards achieving common goal. Working together as a team instead of competing with each other for personal appreciation results to great accomplishment in future. For instance, students playing basketball as team enhance their cooperation level as they pass the ball to other teammates for scoring better and to win the game. 2
Widens horizons:When an individual work separately, they only generate single opinion over the assigned project. But when people work in a team, they get to know different perspective of others which increase their productivity and results in better outcomes(Higgins and et. al., 2018). For instance, the students of University of Wales Trinity Saint David comes from different background and culture which provide them an opportunity to understand each other as well as broadens their mind. Hence, when they work in team they also get a chance to explore new skills and persuasions of others. Learningopportunities:Eachteammemberhasdifferentabilities,talent,skills, experience and capabilities which helps them in learning new knowledge from each other. They discover new ways of achieving objectives and learn from each other’s experience. Working as an effective team offers an opportunity for teammates to improve their skills and enhance confidence in team. For instance, students while working on same assignment gets a chance to see different creativity of others which boost interpersonal relationships between them and team achieve success. Create positive environment:When people work as a team without having any conflicts, it leads to positive environment(Hashmi, Ishak and Hassan, 2018). An effective will develop a spirit of companionship, loyalty and partnership among teammates which shape the culture of university. For instance, students of university working as a team boost their morale and develop satisfaction as well as feeling of belonging in the campus. Barriers to effective teamwork Effective teamwork improves the interpersonal relationships between teammates and encourage them to perform well to achieve success. But there are certain challenges that mentors could face while creating an effective team. Some of the barriers are mentioned below in detail: Unclear purpose:For making an effective it is very important to have a clear purpose, but if teammates are not sure about what their objectives are then it might create confusion. This will also lead to waste of time as the members of team are unable to move forward. Members will struggle to begin their work which could result into floundering. Dominance:Some of the team members might have a dominating personality that could intrude other teammates. The dominant team member will try to control other team members which could result in to tension within team. This could lead to bullying which decreases 3
motivation of members and their productivity might get reduced. This will impact the success of achieving goal and students will not execute their overall efforts. Poor performance:Any person in a team might not be able to put all their efforts which could impact the team success.Inability to perform is a result of poor guidance or lack of skills required to accomplish given objective(Carter and et. al., 2019). To make an effective team, it is very prominent that all members contribute their best to bring out best outcomes. Any person performing poorly and ineffectively will lead to failure of achieving successful results. Conflicts:Everypersoninateamhasdifferentapproachandopinionstowards accomplishing same objective. Conflicts could also arise as a result of poor communication among teammates. The disagreements could also develop as a result of personality clashes because different team member might not compromise on same point. If each member does not value or respect every person in a team then it canalso result into conflicts within team. The types of roles that are needed to create a cohesive and effective team To make an effective team, it is very important to assign clear roles to the team members so that the aim could be achieved efficiently(EndriulaitienÄ— and CirtautienÄ—,2021). The roles required to form an effective team are mentioned below: Plant:This is an individual who give innovative ideas or thoughts of how work could be done. They possess some personality traits such as intellectual, creativity and innovative. They also give new ways to deal with problems arise while performing tasks. Resource investigator:This member of the team explores resources, opportunities and contacts to get the work done efficiently(Alotaibi and et. al., 2019). These people have very good negotiation skills which help them in maintaining flexible environment within team. Co-ordinator:This role is played by the person who is capable of clarifying goals and encouragesdecisionmakingwithinateam.Theindividualhelpsinassigningrolesand responsibilitiestoeachteammember.Theskillstheseindividualspossessareeffective communication and outstanding interpersonal abilities. Shaper:This role is played by those individuals who have capability of pushing the team toworktowardsobjectivewithagreement.Theyaremostlyfocused andhavedynamic personality who always try to remove challenges a team could face. 4
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Implementer:This is a person who executed the given ideas and possess the ability to convert discussions into practical approaches. They have capabilities of remain focus and organise things properly to achieve success. Team worker:These individuals motivate and support other members of the team to perform better to achieve objectives. They also work as counsellor of team as they listen to every person and try to understand their perspective. Monitor or Evaluator:This is also a task oriented role which is played by those people who can analyse the outcomes of team members' performance(Prain and et. al., 2021). The person critically evaluates opinions, ideas, proposals and contribution of every teammate. After evaluatingevery perspective,the individualcarefullyanalyse theirstrengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats team could witness in future. Completer or Finisher:They are the people who are concerned towards accomplishing the target on a given time limit. They remain focused and pays attention on every aspect of the project as they want to complete the task without any delays. Specialist:These individuals possess some specific skills which are required to finish the task effectively. They have technical skills or are expert in some field which are very important for the success of the team. Their knowledgeable abilities help the team in achieving targets easily. Leaders or Mentors:Any team is incomplete without a leader as they are the people who provides direction or guidance to team members. They provide easier solutions to achieve targets easily and motivate members to perform well by supporting as well as appreciating them. CONCLUSION From the above mentioned discussion in the report, it has become clear that an effective team plays a very important role in accomplishing targets easily. It is very important to build an effective team in an institute in order to maintain a positive environment. It has been observed that team diversity brings a lot of benefits for every person and also help them in improving their personality. But making a team is not an easy task as it comes with various challenges as every person in a team belong to diverse background and have different opinions. For forming an effectiveteam,mentorscouldapplyTuckman'stheorymodelwhichwillhelpthemin supervising team easily. It has also been evaluated that different teammates play various roles in a team according to their skills which assist them achieving success. 5
REFERENCES Books and Journals Alotaibi, N. M. and et. al., 2019. Knowledge about and attitudes of interdisciplinary team members toward occupational therapy practice: Implications and future directions. Medical Principles and Practice,28(2), pp.158-166. Carter, K. M. and et. al., 2019. Reviewing work team design characteristics across industries: Combining meta-analysis and comprehensive synthesis.Small group research,50(1), pp.138-188. EndriulaitienÄ—, A. and CirtautienÄ—, L., 2021. Team effectiveness in software development: the role of personality and work factors.Verslas: teorija ir praktika= Business: theory & practice. Vilnius: VGTU leidykla, 2021, Vol. 22, iss. 1. Hashmi, A., Ishak, S. and Hassan, H.B., 2018. Role of team size as a contextual variable for the relationship of transformational leadership and teamwork quality.Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies,6(5), pp.76-81. Higgins, T. C. and et. al., 2018. Team-Based Care Initiative Final Evaluation Report. Kozlowski, S. W. and Bell, B. S., 2019. Evidence-based principles and strategies for optimizing team functioning and performance in science teams. InStrategies for Team Science Success(pp. 269-293). Springer, Cham. Pluhar, E. and et. al., 2019. Team sport athletes may be less likely to suffer anxiety or depression than individual sport athletes.Journal of sports science & medicine,18(3), p.490. Prain, V. and et. al., 2021. Team teaching in large spaces: three case studies framed by relational agency.Teaching Education, pp.1-15. Stone, B. and et. al., 2017. A multi-user computer-aided design competition: Experimental findingsandanalysisofteam-memberdynamics.JournalofComputingand Information Science in Engineering,17(3). Warburton, L. and Ryan, S., 2018. The Team Approach.ABC of Rheumatology, p.185. 6