Humanitarian Aid in Conflict Zones

This assignment requires a critical analysis of the effectiveness of humanitarian aid in conflict zones. Students are expected to examine various factors influencing aid delivery, such as political complexities, security threats, and logistical constraints. The analysis should draw upon provided academic literature and online resources to explore the successes and challenges of providing aid in these challenging environments.

DISSERTATION: THE
EFFECTIVENESS OF AID
IN CONFLICT ZONES

TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Background of the study................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Aims and Objectives of the study......................................................................................2
Aim:................................................................................................................................ 2
Objectives:..................................................................................................................... 2
Research questions:....................................................................................................... 2
1.3 Rationale of the study....................................................................................................... 3
1.4 Significance of the study................................................................................................... 3
1.5 Specification of research................................................................................................... 4
1.6 Structure of Dissertation................................................................................................... 5
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW............................................................................................ 7
2.1 Introduction.............................................................................................................. 7
2.2 Aid leads to conflict aggravation in regions.............................................................7
Concept of humanitarian................................................................................................9
Principle of humanitarian.............................................................................................. 10
2.2 Effectiveness of humanitarian in Myanmar and Syria.............................................10
Positive and negative effect of humanitarian aid on conflict development...................11
CHAPTER- 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY...............................................................................20
Introduction.................................................................................................................. 20
Research philosophies.................................................................................................. 20
Research approach....................................................................................................... 21
Research design........................................................................................................... 22
Research techniques-................................................................................................... 23
Data collection-............................................................................................................ 23
Data analysis-............................................................................................................... 24
Sampling-..................................................................................................................... 25
Research limitation-...................................................................................................... 25
CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS................................................................................................. 27
4.1 Introduction............................................................................................................ 27
4.2 Analysis and finding............................................................................................... 27
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS............................................................34
5.1 Conclusion.............................................................................................................. 34
5.2 Recommendations.................................................................................................. 36
REFERENCES......................................................................................................................... 39

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
The situation of disagreement as well as an argument on the specific topic among
two parties is known as conflict. In this both the conflicted party not reaches up to the
solution where different kinds of help taken by them. It can arise between two persons,
companies or countries. For resolving it generally, external parties are hired which analyses
about the situation and come at the possible as well as the effective solution. Aid is an
important aspect which makes a contribution to the dispute resolution up to the greater
extent. The present dissertation emphasises on the aid through which conflicts solved
among regions. Further, the situation of the conflict is considered between and within a
country rather than individual or group of people. The concept in which help by one party is
done for another in order to make a solution of the dispute is considered as aid. There are
several types of aids available through which conflict in region or country solved up to the
better level (Malkki,2016). Moreover, various aid includes financial, humanitarian, foreign
etc. which are effective. In the financial aid, the third party gives monetary support to the
suffered or conflicted country. Humanitarian is one of the highly important where people
help in terms of monetary and non-monetary both.
The aid in which material, as well as logistics assistance, is given to those regions
and people who need help is known as humanitarian aid. It is one of highly effective aspect
through which problems and issues are resolved properly within the country. It is one type of
help for the short period of time. Apart from this, a key objective of the humanitarian aid is
to save the life of suffered people who are suffering from disaster, water flood, wars,
famines etc. In this, donations are given by the human for solving issues of suffered people
and food items are also provided up to the larger extent (Rieff, 2013). Therefore,
humanitarian aid is of the both types of monetary and non-financially which support for
conflict resolution. The present dissertation mainly focuses on the humanitarian aid where it
has been analysed that it is up to which level helpful to make solutions within conflicted
gions. Along with this, foreign aid party is also taken into consideration in the study through
which conflicts within the countries are solved. It shows that how foreign aid party
supportive to reduce vicious cycle of disputes as well as its development in a country.
In the world, wide range of issues and conflicts arisen which create a negative impact
on economic growth rate up to the higher level. The present dissertation looks upon conflict
and aid comes into consideration within Syria and Myanmar countries in the world. The
situation of dispute arisen in both the countries are regarding to the Muslim unity where
they create violence. Further, the reason of doing violence activities by them is for getting
as well as using their fundamental rights which are taken by government (Hyndman, 2015).
1

Humanitarian aid provided to Myanmar country by other regions through which this
democratic conflict resolve up to the certain level. Therefore, the Muslim community of
Myanmar able to use their humanity and fundamental rights within the region. Apart from
this, when talking about the Syria conflict then in this Iran country is also included. As per
this case, population want that in Syria and Iran only Muslim community will live where big
issues came into consideration. In order to make a solution of Syrian conflict, humanitarian
aid given by the US, Russia etc. Moreover, with the help of assessing the impact of such aid
within both the country's conflict condition aim of the study will be achieved.
1.2 Aims and Objectives of the study
Aim:
To analyse the effectiveness of humanitarian aid in resolving the issues of conflicted
regions: A case study on the conflict in Syria and Myanmar.
From the above stated aim of the study, objectives are to be framed so that aim will
be achieved in an appropriate direction. Therefore, objectives of the present dissertation are
stated below:
Objectives:
 To identify that aid leads to conflict aggravation in regions.
 To assess the contribution of humanitarian aid in ending the conflict.
 To ascertain whether foreign aid party is effective in terms of resolving the state of a
vicious cycle in conflicted situation and leads to development.
 To determine the effectiveness of aid if aid comes during the conflict as opposed to
after conflict.
In the present dissertation, those things which will be covered are presented on the
basis of the objectives properly. Further, these are prepared by considering the aim of the
whole study in a proper way. Apart from this, on the basis of objectives following research
questions are framed:
Research questions:
 Does Aid lead to conflict aggravation?
 Can humanitarian aid truly end a conflict?
 Is foreign aid party to a vicious cycle of conflict and development?
 Does the effectiveness differ if aid comes during the conflict as opposed to after
conflict?
2

1.3 Rationale of the study
Within country or group of people, several kinds of issues and conflicts come into
consideration which affects the economy adversely. Reason behind conducting the present
study is to reflect about disputes arisen within two countries which are Myanmar and Syria.
In this, the government of Myanmar not provided all the human and fundamental rights to
the Muslim people for using. Due to this, they start to create violence within a region which
lead to arising issue of conflict. In the present times, Syria is also facing this particular
problem. The study analyses about the humanitarian aid along with foreign aid provided by
several countries to the conflicted regions. As this kind of aid given up to the suffered people
the then issue of conflict resolved highly within regions. Further, basic rationale behind
conducting the current study is for identifying a level of effectiveness of humanitarian aid in
the conflicted region (Kennedy, 2015). When looking at the ways of solving disputes the
there are several methods available which support to Myanmar and Syria problems. In these
countries, humanitarian aid is also taken into consideration which is assessed. With the help
of this study, the reader able to determine that in which ways humanitarian aid is supportive
for regions in order to make conflict solution. Hence, the reason for making analysis of the
research is to analyse the impact of material, as well as logistic activities performed by the
human, are up to which level effective for conflict regions.
1.4 Significance of the study
The present dissertation is based on the effectiveness of humanitarian aid on the
conflicts arisen within a country. The problem of the dispute taken into consideration for
conducting the present analysis is the Myanmar and Syria region. For making effective
solution and end of such conflicts humanitarian aid provided to the mentioned countries.
The study is identifying that up to which level this kind of aid is helpful to the suffered
people from violence done by Muslim community in Myanmar. Due to this, the analysis is
supportive of the affected people for assessing that in which ways they come out from the
conflict (Barnett, 2016). Along with this, the population who not know about the
humanitarian aid will also supportive for getting knowledge about this. Under this type of
conflict solution, several kinds of ways and aspects included which is also helpful for the
people. Apart from such all the things, the study is important for making a fruitful analysis of
the data which gathered. The study will be appurtenant for other readers and researchers
also to ascertain the impact of humanistic aid made upon a conflict of Myanmar and Syria
countries.
Once the study completed and published then useful for those investigators who
make analysis using the secondary information. Therefore, it can be said that for secondary
data users the present dissertation will be highly significant. Along with this, in order to do
3

further study on the topic of humanitarian aid used for region conflict resolution also the
research is supportive (Ticktin, 2015). In case, a new investigator not having adequate
knowledge in context to the aid in form of logistic and material assistance by people then
using this research able to make clearance about this. Moreover, when the human goes for
contributing to region dispute resolution then the present research is helpful for getting its
effectiveness. Hence, it can be said that study of the impact on conflict of humanitarian aid
is highly significant for present and future both research.
1.5 Specification of research
Those methods, as well as tools which will be hereby considered in conducting proper
research, are presented in this aspect. Further, the specification of the current study and
research are mentioned below:
 Research approach: There is two type of research approach that is inductive and
deductive. The research which includes the qualitative data will always apply the
inductive approach of the research which helps them to analyse the result on the
different theory based.
 Research design: There is a different type of research design that is available to
the researcher in order to analyse the information, facts, and figures which are
related to the chosen subject (Fassin, 2016). The different type of research design is
descriptive, exploratory and co-relation. The descriptive research design has been
selected for the present dissertation.
 Research philosophy: It consists of two different terms i.e. epistemology and
doxology. There are two types that are interpretivism and positivism. For this
desertification, interpretivism philosophy have been used which provide the flexible
research framework and help researcher to believe that what is the reality.
 Data collection: There are two ways of collecting the data that is primary and
secondary (Rieff, 2013). Primary data is always being collected from the first time
whereas the secondary data is collected from the different sources where the data is
already being collected. Here primary data is being gathered with the help of
interview made from the respondent.
 Data sampling: It is not possible for the researcher to collect the data from the
large population so he has collected the data from the samples that are 10 harbour
rohingya refugees and 5 aid providers of Syria and 5 aid servers of Myanmar.
 Data analysis: It is considered as the technique to analyse the data which is being
collected from the primary sources or secondary sources (Hyndman, 2015). For this
desertification thematic analysis is done.
4

1.6 Structure of Dissertation
There are various chapters that have been included in the dissertation, these play
very important role in completing the study in the effective and efficient manner. The
different chapters that are included in it, that are as follows:
Chapter 1: Introduction:
The research is started with the introduction of the humanitarian and effect of
humanitarian on the Myanmar and Syria. The aim, research question and objective is framed
in chapter 1. The goal of the investigation is discussed in this chapter, the research
methodologies are involved in the end and that ate included in the present research.
Chapter 2: Literature review:
The next chapter, the several anthers are being considered as the subject matter and
further, they are discussed. The depth research is made in this chapter where the view point
is regarded and criticism is made. Apart from this, various kinds of the articles related to this
topic are gathered initially and reviewed them. In addition to this, books and journals about
humanitarian aid are also analysed in this chapter.
Chapter 3: Research methodology:
There are several tools and method is being used by the research in the dissertation
are included in this chapter. This will also justify the selection of appropriate technique in
the research. By using the methods of research like approach, investigation, philosophy,
design etc. study is conducted.
Chapter 4: Data analysis:
All the data which is collected from the primary and secondary sources is being
analysed in this chapter. Thematic data analysis is being used with the help of chart and
graphs. Moreover, it one of the pivotal chapter of the whole study because it considered as
the base of conclusion.
Chapter 5: Conclusion and recommendation:
With the support of chapter 1 to 4, the researcher will summarise the whole study. At
the at of dissertation, every person will serve some recommendation that helps to improve
the disadvantage and problems that have been held in the research.
5

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
A literature review is one of the important chapters of the dissertation which
incorporate different types of information. It helps the researcher in gather a large amount
of data and apply the same in respect to get the valid outcome. The present study is based
on to analyse the effectiveness of humanitarian aid in resolving the issues of conflicted
regions: A case study on the conflict in Syria and Myanmar Therefore, this chapter cover
secondary information on the basis of aim and objectives. Along with this different themes
will be prepared on the basis of objectives so that information can be gathered for producing
the valid outcome. However, the effectiveness of Humanitarian aid in ending conflict is
assessed.
2.2 Aid leads to conflict aggravation in regions.
According to the view of Kinninmont and House, (2014) Aid is the support provided
by the non government organisations to help the areas in danger or the regions facing the
issues of conflicts between the government and the local groups taking the region under
control. The local groups or the terrorist organisation against the political parties in the
country creating problems and demanding the country to be called as an Islamic state. In
the regions of Syria the government and pro- government forces are creating problems for
the civilians. They are attacking the rescue troops and the convoys providing aid to the
people stucked in the different regions. Earlier the government has prevented more then
70000 medical equipments being delivered into the besieged areas according to UN report.
People of Syria are facing many problem and are forced to leave the areas formed by the
relief agencies. Armed agencies are stopping the rescue teams and are not allowing the
outside organisations to deliver the aids to the people of this region. As per the view of
Gleick, (2014) the forces are scared that if the outside organisations will provide aid in the
country it will create problems for them and affect their presence. The aids are constantly
being delivered and the armed forces are attacking the convoys and unloading the aid to
make sure it does not reach the people for their support. The armed forces do not want any
involvement of outside organisation and provide any kind of relief to the civilians. If the
agencies are successful in providing aid to the civilians it will be a huge backlash for the
armed troops and their power would be deceased. They are not in favour of the organisation
to help the civilians and are attacking the areas besieged by the government.
Al-Salem and et.al (2016) states that in Syria conflicts are also increasing due to the
involvement of government as well as UN organisation by providing humanitarian aid to the
civilians. As the demand of aid increases in the country and involvement of government
agencies increases it creates problems for the armed forces like ISIS. It is the group who is
trying to take control over the country and destroying the besieged places of government

agencies. Myanmar is also suffering from the same conditions but the pates have made it
clear that all of them suffering from armed attack are provided with the humanitarian aid.
The restriction on humanitarian aid has facilitated the people with the help of basic
requirement although, the civilians were facing the issues related more aggravation. As the
conflicts in the areas of kanchin state was creating problems as there were many areas
which were beyond government control. To provide humanitarian aid to these places the
government and the outside organisation had to overcome to the issues of the kanchin state
local army and the Myanmar army. The war raised in the number of deaths and unable to
provide aid to the victims of the state.
Importance of Humanitarian aid
According to the view of Phillips, (2015) it is made to save lives, controls the
suffering and helps in maintaining dedicated human dignity for all. It helps in creating a
better world even after the crises are done whether man made or natural. When there is a
conflict in any region of the world or common and uncommon places on the planet, whether
it be an armed conflict or natural breakdown. The humanitarian aid is designed to save lives
of those suffering due to it and require emergency help Taleb and et.al, (2015) . Its main
purpose is to create a safe environment where all the areas of development are covered.
In times of need, it brings relief like in Syria many civilians are facing issues related to
armed attack there also many organisations are working to provide medical aid to the
people.
Every year due to natural disaster, armed conflicts, wars and much more crises
hundreds of millions of people suffer. It is provided on the basis of need and with the
objective to save lives, curing sufferings and covering areas of human dignity. They provide
support to refugee at the time of conflict which help them in survive tough condition. Many
civilians are becoming victims of the man made disasters in Syria and are homeless, the
special agencies are taking initiatives for their support and providing place to stay till the
time government does not come up with a solution to the problem Berman, (2013).
Affects those who are in need and require help the most
It works on helping the people who are in need of help the most like Syria and
Myanmar people who are facing problem due to conflict the children born in poverty, or
regions where the diseases are spread the most and require medical attention . It's up to
them to protect them from it, there are many organisations working on curing these
problems and makes sure to help them escape from terrorist attack and provide support to
Syria refugee people related to, poverty, safety against natural disaster Nowshin, (2017).
Uncommon areas are hard to cover for any country and safeguard their rights is as
difficult for any organisation such as Syria where people are facing conflict and terrorist

attacked. Along with this there are the most uncommon areas of the planet and require
emergency help as they suffer from dangers frequently like hurricanes, earthquakes,
tsunamis, floods (The fractured response of humanitarian aid in Syria, 2015). The UN
organisations make sure that countries like Syria and Myanmar are not forgotten and are
reached with medical emergencies as soon as possible.
It provides a sustainable development source of key
To achieve a sustainable development at many locations, education is the most
required recipe. Therefore, it is important for the Aid organisation to provide education
facility to refugee of Syria and Myanmar country so that they can live healthy and happy life
(Durand, 2015). By focusing on the education they make a difference in building a long term
growth and fixing the problems permanently. It helps them to dream big and achieve their
knowledge thirst and help society to develop.
Concept of humanitarian
According to the view of Economy, S and Monitor, (2016) Humanitarian is an active
belief which value in the human life, human being practice different ttpe kindly treatment
and serve assistance to the other people in order to create the good humanity for both of
logical and moral reasons. It is the philosophical principle to relocate towards the
enhancement of human race in the different areas which is related to the various activities
that reflect human welfare. This concept is also known as humanitarianism. In the
contradicting view of Weiss, (2016) Humanitarian is one who is devoted to promote the
human welfare and increase in social reforms. The individual who have objective to help
other people will always try to enhance the happiness and welfare of the people. There are
several areas where the person need assistance of humans such as in the conflict zone,
natural disaster area, lack of development, poor infrastructure. These all factors leads to
heightened weakness of the personnel to have different services which is given by the
country.
In the view of Akparibo and Holdsworth, (2016) there are several humanitarian
agencies which is created by the government, that all have effective control over those
areas where the people need to enhance their welfare. It is very to say the word
humanitarian but it is as much as difficult to achieve those practices which is being
delivered in the political neutral manner. It is the responsibility of that agency to provide
proper assistance so that they can improve the condition of their country and serve proper
welfare to the citizen. On the other hand Beadling and Sharp, (2016) stated that
humanitarian is based on the view point of human beings that have right to be respect and
have dignity where all the individual is being treated in the equal manner. It is the activity
which is related to advancing the proper well being of the humans as the whole. It is

basically saving the life of people and promote the dignity in the mid of natural and human
made disasters.
Principle of humanitarian
According to the view of Lahiri and Roberts, (2016) there are various meaning of the
humanitarian but the basic principle is to save the life of people and alleviating the suffering.
It is fundamentally a response which is given in the emergency whether in the case of man
made or natural disaster. The basic rule of humanitarian is humanity that state that the
people whenever and wherever is found suffering should be given assistance in order to
protect their health and life to ensure the human beings respect. There are various people
which is divided into class such as children, women, elder and disable. The rights and dignity
of these people need to have humanitarian aid which must be protected and regard. In the
contracting view of Balcik and Kundakcioglu, (2016) the other principle of the humanitarian
is neutrality the agencies which are included in the humanitarian should not take the
advantage in the hospital and other care centre on the basis of their political, legal,
ideological and regional. There should be openness and transparency for all the people of
the country, it must not create the obstacle while tackling the human rights. It also indicates
that the rights should be specific, clear and limited.
In the view of Gillespie, (2017)the third principle of humanitarian is impartiality which
state that proper aid is given to the person who is suffering. There should be some action
which is to be carried out for the needy people and they must be given priority if there is
some urgent case and there should not have discrimination on the basis of nationality,
gender, regional and belief. On the other hand Economy, S and Monitor, (2016) stated that
operational independence is also major principle of humanitarian where the action must be
taken which is independent from the economic, political and military objective.
2.2 Effectiveness of humanitarian in Myanmar and Syria
According to the view of Weiss, (2016) Myanmar is the country which is rich in the
earthy resources still they have complex humanitarian and political issues. They are one of
the poorest and undemocratic counties in the Asia. The government of the country should
have responsible to serve humanitarian assistance to those people who are disabled by the
terrorist attack. The government should take proper measure to serve assistance, in order to
make that possible they are working with the Red Cross Movement. It is being effective in
the Myanmar, they have also giving fund as the MHF (Myanmar Humanitarian fund). It is the
country based pool funding which is managed by the Humanitarian coordinator. They
provide assistance to the chronic and urgent humanitarian wants of the person which is
being affected by the conflict and disaster. From the year 2007, they have done 84 projects
of about $31.8 million to provide assistance to mote than 955000 people. They recently face

conflict with the Kachin state which have creates violence environment and affect the
millions of people. This have created the humanitarian situation in the Myanmar. They
immediately started preventing the people with the help of humanitarian agencies.
In the contracting view of Akparibo and Holdsworth, (2016) In the Syrian Civil war
more than 40000 people have lost their life, over 2 million people have been injured, 5
million people have been forced to leave Syria and 6.3 million people are internally
displayed. This have make the Syria most changing and complex humanitarian crises in the
globe. In the year 2017 it is being estimated by the government of Syria that 13 million
people and more than 6 million children need humanitarian assistance. The humanitarian is
still an on ongoing conflict, it is not being highly effective in the Syria. There are large
violence that is still taking place and the general safety is not being served to the people
who have been affected by the conflict and war.
Positive and negative effect of humanitarian aid on conflict development
According to the view of Beadling and Sharp, (2016) humanitarian aid is the
logistics and material assistance given to person who need help, this help is usually for the
short term until the long term helps is not given by the government in return. There are
several positive effect of the humanitarian aid from which the most important one is it helps
to save the life of thousands of people. There are large number of organisation that are
increasing day by day so they need proper humanitarian aid so due to increase in the
humanitarian assistance on the basis of conflict development. It has the direct impact on the
armed conflict for their survival to get the tools in order to protect them when they are in
the conflict. In the contracting point of view Lahiri and Roberts, (2016) there are some
negative factors which includes political dilemmas where the political parties try to earn
more advantage at the time of conflict, this aid create the leakage or political taxation, it is
the situation where the potion of aid is given to the fighting parties. Other than that it is
difficult to the country to build institutional memory to improve the effectiveness and
efficiency of the operation of the aid.
2.3 Is foreign aid party to a vicious cycle of conflict and development?
Foreign aid is provided to country or countries where crises and conflict conditions
are high and enormous. The government of disputed nation is unable to stabilise chaotic
situations and demand support and assistance from developed countries. As per Mawdsley,
Savage and Kim, (2014) foreign aid can assist in saving millions of life and helps in
generating hope in those people who suffered from conflicts and crises . In broad sense it
can be defined as financial and technical help provided by one country government to
disputed country government. According to Duffield, (2014) foreign aid addressed issues of
health, poverty, education, humanitarian and infrastructure development in particular

country. Foreign aid assist in building effective relationship between countries. Thus, it
implies that foreign aid is very effective and efficient which help in growth and development
of disputed country and also assist in minimising rate of quarrels, disputes, struggle and
circumstance of war. According to Mac Ginty, (2016) aid also addresses humanitarian issues
and natural disaster emergencies by providing support to the affected natives and give
them shelter and counselling services that aid in bearing burden of localities.
Foreign aid provided to Syria was not enough as country currently facing intense
crises, conflicts and chaos because of terrorism created by Islamic State of Iraq and Syria
(ISIS). Though political solution cannot be replaced by foreign aids and actions but it
provides morale and essential support to localities and refugees who fled away from war
zones.This aid assisted in mitigating the suffering of affected natives and provide
foundations on which they reach to termination of hostilities. According to Ismail and et.al,
(2016) foreign aid helps Syria in cessation of hostile activities in some areas, in addition it
assists in development and growth of education, infrastructure and health institutions. The
aid and action for development not only benefiting refugees of Syria, but also assist in
providing aid to rohingya muslims in Myanmar. Many countries offering food and shelter to
the refugees as aid. As per Davies and True, (2017) in recent month many rohingya muslims
fled away to Bangladesh for support eventually creating a military breakdown in Myanmar.
Rohingya suffers mass atrocities perpetrated by security forces in western part of Myanmar.
Thus, Bangladesh provides essential amenities to refugees of Myanmar in order to support
terrible conditions faced by rohingya muslims. Washington, Tyler, Davis, (2014) stated that
foreign aid can lead resilience of natives who suffered from vicious cycle of conflicts and
lead to their potential growth and improvement. In terrible circumstances aid not only help
in development of affected areas but also provide essential support to the sufferers and
localities of disputed countries. contend that aid can only grant support to the people if it
reaches to them at time of conflicts.
More than 80 countries and almost forty international organisations gathered in
Kuwait to generate aid money for the chaos and conflicts in Syria. Foreign aid provided by
United Nations were delivered to one million Syrians that help in providing essential
amenities to them. As per Böhnke and Zürcher, (2013) foreign aid provided to them was
good but not enough, as they were facing tough times while surviving in war zone areas of
Syria. This implies that there is requirement of more aid and support from donor countries to
stabilise hostile situation of nation. Humanitarian assistance, supports affected peoples and
their families by giving them shelters and food, as well as engaging them in some business
activities so that they can fulfil their basic requirements. Many non governmental and
international organisation such as United nations, UNESCO helps the affected people by

providing them basic healthcare facilities and education which grants them support. From
this it can be say that foreign aids assist in development and growth of affected country by
providing them vital help and support
According to Greenwood and Jenkins, (2015) ) recent aid provided to Syrians were
not enough as the requirement of assistance were more. In past years country faces
frightening circumstances that affects natives and other neighbours country. Jordan and
Israel accepted refugees fled away from Syria and provided them essential support by giving
them basic amenities. This shows the supportive nature of countries that gave shelters to
fugitives and displaced natives. The failure of political assistance, results in formation of
local organisations that have emerged as a lifeline for Syrians. Funds were internally
generated by these non governmental organisations and aid were provided to the affected
people and localities. One organisation named Syria relief which was registered in United
Kingdom and operating inside Syria with an aim to provide essential support and basic
requirement of affected population of country. As per Devakumar and et.al (2015) this kind
of foreign support lead to growth and development of country and results in rehabilitation
and protection of natives of Syria. Thus, it implies that foreign aid and assistance are very
important for the country that faces vicious conflict and disputes due to various factors that
affects the political, social and economic environment of country.
Rohingya muslims in Myanmar currently facing terrible conditions. They are facing
fundamental rights abuse. The nation's law approved in 1982 denies their citizenships. As
per the law rohingyas were considered as foreigners and government cannot apporves their
citizenships as they have no close connections with the country. It was found that due to
their increasing militant and hostile activities, rohingyas have been restricted from various
rights in the country. Many South East Asian countries like Bangladesh, Thailand and
Malaysia provides support and shelter to rohingya Muslims which is considered as foreign
aids. According to Ware, (2015) these aids leads to rise in tension and conflicts between
Myanmar and Bangladesh. Though these aids are not only supporting refugees, but also
affecting relationship between countries. According to Li, Parker, Yang, (2013) contends
that all foreign assistance does not result in generating harmonious relationship between
governments of countries. Bangladesh provides food and shelter to the refugees of Myanmar
and also giving them education and basic health treatment at rescue camps and shelters.
Foreign aid provided by government of one country results in rehabilitation and protection of
natives of conflicted country and also leads to establishing political stability of disputed
country. Though Myanmar has locked down the conflicted sector so that no external
involvement can take place in the country. It was reported that rapes and murders of
rohingyas increases in Myanmar which leads to terible conditions of muslims. They were

requesting for foreign aid and support from neighbour countries. It was difficult to provide
basic aid as government holds and block connections from outside of countries. As per Win
and Kean, (2017) initiative taken by Turkish government to provide its first foreign aid to
Myanmar leads to effective step in preservation of rohingya muslims in the country. Turkey
providing aid in form food, clothes and medicine which will be distributed through
helicopters. Thus, it results in effective support to the rohingyas and also aids in reducing
the viscous cycle of conflict. This implies that foreign aids plays very significant role in
cessation of hostile activities and result in improvement of overall conditions of natives
affected by conflict circumstances. Indonesian government also taking initiative by assisting
rohingya musilms in escorting them to Bangladesh safely. According to South, 2017 foreign
aid from different international organisation also aids in supporting Myanmar in the times of
crises. The self funded institutions helps rohingyas of Myanmar by providing basic amenities
to refuges and people who were suffering in the country.
At time of crises, foreign aids results in providing essential support to the affected
population of disputed country and in addition, aids in resilience and rehabilitation of
refugees by giving them appropriate and necessary amenities such as food, shelter,
education and hospitality.
As per Blanchard, Humud and Nikitin, (2015) there is huge difference in
effectiveness of aid that come during and after conflicts. In case of Syria, most of the
populations are currently affected and terrified by rapid rising of terrorist activities. They
become homeless due to massive destruction of their homes and residents. This leaves
them helpless and they are now striving for food, shelter and protection. Foreign aids are
not arrived on time, leads in affecting all the natives which forced them to leave the
country. Arrival of foreign aid after conflict is supposed to be meaningless, as many people
might have died because of starvation, lack of shelter and clothing or any other issue. It can
create more conflict and increase in violence between affected people and aid providers. As
per Austin, Fischer and Ropers, (2013) stated that aid is more required during the time of
crises and chaos, people rush to protect the lives of their love ones and families and seek for
rescue and shelter. Thus, if developed and neighbour countries provide aid to disputed
countries at time of conflict, it will result in saving of millions of life and also leads to
reduction and cessation of militants activities.
Aid comes during time of conflicts result in increasing effectiveness, as natives who
are suffering from war and terrible circumstances, provided with shelter, food and other
basic essentials which assist in increasing of their psychological state. It leads to resilience
and rehabilitation of population and also leads to growth and development of disputed
country. According to foreign aid provided after conflict, can be results in more aggravation.

Thus, it implies that after conflict aid is can impact in creating more chaos and violence
between natives and aid providers. In Myanmar, aid arrives on time from Bangladesh, assist
in supporting thousands of rohingya muslims. The aid provided, includes food, shelter,
clothes and basic educations to the children at the time of conflicts result in effectiveness of
foreign aid.
As sated by Buergenthal and et.al., (2017) aids supports the affected localities and if
they are provided at the time of conflict, it will result in increase in efficiency of particular
aid. Foreign aids provided after the conflict results in aggravation of conflicts and increase
in crises. In Syria, aid reaches after the crises in particular war area, some people were
found dead while portion of natives denied the aid provided to them. Thus, it implies that
after conflict aid is not good enough as natives do not find it useful. It is difficult to imagine
sufferings of people at the time of war, crises and conflicts in disputed countries. They seek
for proper shelter to protect their as well as lives of their families. They require food and
other necessities at the time of conflict and rush to find one in rescue camps. As per Ismail
and et.al, (2016) in order to improve the economic, social and political condition of disputed
that country, government of developed countries grant aid at time of conflicts which also
helps in development and maintenance of civil peace. In case of Myanmar, government of
Bangladesh, Turkey, Malaysia and Thailand provides assistance to rohingya muslims at the
time when they need the most, thus it results in resilience and rehabilitation of affected
natives in efficient and effective ways.
2.4 The effectiveness differ if aid comes during conflict as opposed to after conflict
Foreign aid and assistance provided after the conflicts are not very much effective,
as it will not support the natives in rehabilitation of people suffered during conflict. Though it
will provide some moral assistance but will not able to completely recover the mental and
psychological state of populations. According to Blanchard, Humud and Nikitin, (2015) in
order to minimise the conflict and crises , foreign aids are provided at the time of conflict
and in order to stabilise the political, social and economic environment aids are provided by
developed countries after the conflict ends. Thus, it implies that there are multiple
difference can be found in aid at time and aid after time of conflicts. People affected by
conflict require assistance at that time and to improve the infrastructure and growth
government require aid after conflicts. It can be further concluded that foreign assistance
provided are much more beneficial and effective as it assists in rehabilitation and
preservation of natives and population of the country.
Syria currently facing intense crises and conflicts in the country due to various
terrorist activities conducted by Islamic state of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) and natives require
immediate assistance and aid in country (Alsaba and Kapilashrami, 2016). Thus, the aid

provided to the country is good but not enough as more assistance are requires at the time
of crises and conflicts from different countries and international organisation. In Myanmar,
natives and people affected by conflicts got immediate shelter by different countries which
result in effectiveness of foreign aid. More over, it was stated that the immediate support
provided results in rehabilitation and protection of rohingya muslims.
Many authors concluded that foreign aid provided at the time of conflict results in
more effectiveness and helps in resilience of natives in Myanmar. Most of the affected
population become refugees in different countries and government are providing them with
all basic amenities including food, shelter, clothing and education (Blanchard, Humud and
Nikitin, 2015) . This implies that foreign aids are very essential at time of conflict. On the
other side of coin, Syria faces terrible crises and conflicts which frightens other countries to
grant them aid and assistance at time of conflict. It impacts on the population as they lost
hopes and become more violent when aid arrived after disputes. Aid from US, UK, Russia,
France and many other developed countries are provided to Syrians to help them and
support them at time of crises.
From the reviews of authors it can be determined that foreign aid is very essential to
people who suffered at the time of conflicts and crises. It can help in minimising the conflicts
and assist in supporting and rehabilitating affected people of disputed country. Many
authors contends that aid can lead to aggravation of conflicts as some people does not want
aid from specific countries and they become more violent when foreign arrived in their
countries . In Syria the jihads of ISIS does not want aid from any country Humanitarian aid
provided by several countries and international organisation helps in stabilising the ongoing
conflict situation and make effective efforts to end or reduce crises to some extent. This
helps the disputed country to improve its political, social and economic conditions of the
country. More ever foreign aid provided to Myanmar helps rohingya muslims as they able to
find shelter and food from neighbour countries (Davies and True, 2017). This assist in
reducing viscous cycle of conflict and leads to growth and development of economics of
disputed country. It can be stated that aid comes during the time of conflict is more effective
than aid comes after the conflict.
Theoretical Framework
According to the concept this theory gives more glance towards the programs and
trade policies. This will give consideration to modernisation and globalisation theories. As
war and conflict are rebellious, it is required to analyse the realistic and non – realistic
knowledge on the ongoing conflict. Glaeser's modernisation theory is more significant in the
regard as aid is taken into the modern concept and this thoery gives a better view that
economic growth and stability leads to good governance and peace in a state.

Realism and Neo Realism
According to Guzzini, (2013) theory of realism or political realism dominates the
crises of Syria. It is often connected with management of pursuit, dominance and application
of power. Over the past five years, the Syrian refugee crisis has peaked to an inevitable
level for the powerful nations of the world. These nations remain incapable to provide
humanitarian aid to Syria when needed the most. The world is taking so long to respond
towards crises of Syria because Political leaders require time to negotiate, to produce a
peaceful end for all. From the broad analysis of liberal and realist theory it can be stated
that they both are interdependent in order to achieve peace in the country. Weber, (2013)
contends that the key to realism theory is to ensure national security. The author believes
that smaller and weaker territories must be aligned with great powers to have maximum
freedom and autonomy. Without concluding the proper negotiation with terrorism,
neighbour countries are not considering refugees from Syria in their country.
As per Joseph, (2014) the theory of neorealism stated that power is vital factor to
international relations. The theory reflects conflicts of Myanmar and Syria. There are
minimum number of people who want their survival to pursue their goals. Rohingyas
muslims despite facing trouble and abuses, are determined to stay in Myanmar and
ceaselessly fighting for their fundamental rights. The unity of Bangladesh, Thailand and
Malaysia shows generous international relations by stabilising the anarchic situations in
Myanmar. Neorealists approach derives the fact that nation who strives for power are
incapable to stabilise the conflicts and anarchy in their country. It has been criticised that
neorealism posses very limited sense of interpretation as it shows objectivist approach and
reduce human perspective as much as possible.
Modernisation theory
According to the view of Beadling and Sharp, (2016) globalisation is the increase in
the interaction between the different countries to grow the international flow of money,
ideas, goods, services and culture. With the help of globalisation different countries are now
providing the humanitarian aid to the country which need help when the disputes are going.
In this case when Myanmar and Syria need humanitarian aid from the different countries, if
the globalisation will not exist, in such they will not able to take aid from the neighbouring
countries. Globalisation plays key role in humanitarian aid because it reduces the barriers
and create free flow of goods, services, people and culture from one country to other. With
the contracting view Economy, S and Monitor, (2016) globalisation have huge impact on the
humanitarian aid. The country which is having humanitarian crises, with the help of
globalisation, other countries can provide aid to that country so that they can enhance their
living standard. Myanmar and Syria have huge natural resources still they are facing the

humanitarian crises, so they aid from the different countries at the time of dispute.
Whenever the dispute arises between two counties, from that one of them always need
humanitarian need because they are not able to fight with the other country. In this case,
Myanmar and Syria need humanitarian aid to have their right and save their citizen.
Theories of globalization
Globalization is the process by which any business or any countries economy is able
to operate in the interntional market or on a larger scale. The conditions of Syria and
Myanmar are becoming worse in the international market, they need to increase their
economy to stand along in the globalising world. To increase globally relations with the
international countries and trade practices with them is must. Syrian economy future
necessitates on building desegregrated national system for long run development. They
need to work out on some aspects to achieve development through globalization
(Appelbaum, and Robinson 2005). Some important revolutions need to be taken care of like
national, technological and scientific to develop globally. Distribution of national income for
the sustainability of this revolution to obtain a human diapason. The other challenges which
includes economic challenges where building national industry, increase in the productivity.
Scientific challenges, including development in education department and poltical
challenges including, equality in the authorities, democracy and sustaining civil society.
Challenges include unemployment problems in Myanmar and women problems and poverty
is the main issues. These problems need to be taken care of to develop globally and develop
relations with international market.

CHAPTER- 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Introduction
In the entire dissertation, research methodology plays a very crucial role by which
investigator can determine the way for addressing accurate outcome. This chapter helps to
the investigator in analysing the collected information about the topic and conclude the
result after discussion. In the absence of this chapter, scholar may unable to obtain an
appropriate solution about the research issue. In a simple word it can be said that research
methodology is a systematic procedure for collecting, analysing, interpreting the information
in order to take an appropriate decision about the subject. In this aspect various kinds of
methods are included such as approach, philosophies, research design, data collection,
sampling, data analysis etc. With assistance of these methods, researcher can able to collect
and analyse the information for addressing the outcome (Zumitzavan and Michie, 2015). In
the present dissertation, the major aim is to analyse effectiveness of humanitarian aid in
resolving the issue of conflicted regions that are Syria and Myanmar. In order to attain the
objective, researcher has used various methods of research methodology by which effective
outcome can address in a systematic manner. However, it is considered as most crucial
chapter which aid to carry out the investigation for analyse the effectiveness of
humanitarian aid in overcome the issue related to the conflicted region. It is very important
for the scholar to select one appropriate method of the research methodology because the
entire discussion and outcome is largely depends upon the type of research. In the present
dissertation, scholar has selected qualitative research technique under which primary data
collection assisted in obtaining the right solution about the problem. In the primary data
collection, two kinds of interview has been conducted as first was from the case of Myanmar
under which harbour rohingya refugees and former director has respondents. On the other
hand in the context of Syria, NGO practitioners are respondents who give the answer in the
interview. Investigator aim is to use effective research methods, philosophies and
techniques through which right solution can address by the investigator. In the present
dissertation, various kinds of the method has been used in order to analyse the
effectiveness of the humanitarian aid in resolving the issue of conflicted regions that are
Syria and Myanmar. In the present dissertation, scholar has used various methods which
assist in addressing the objective of investigation which are as follows-
Research philosophies
This is one of the most important method in the research methodology which help to
scholar in examine the topic. It is very important for the scholar to select the right research
philosophy so as right outcome can obtain at the right time. It is very significant aspect
which assist to investigator in clarifies the aim and objective of the dissertation. In addition
to this, this method also helps to the investigator in analyse the source which aid in
18

developing the depth knowledge and understanding about the subject. In the research
philosophy, it can divide into two parts that are positivism and interpritivism. Researcher
may focus on the aim for carry out the investigation in the positivism research philosophies.
This philosophy assist to the investigator in discovering the false fact for addressing the
objective of investigation. This philosophy provides well structure way to the scholar for
conducting the investigation which assist in combining logical adjustment while researcher
conduct the experimental observation. Positivist research philosophy helps to the researcher
in attaining objective in a systematic manner and obtain an appropriate solution ('Snyder,
2012). On the other hand in the interpritivism research philosophy, scholar consider upon
the various theories, concepts and model for addressing the right solution of the
investigation. With help of this research philosophy, realistic information can gather related
to the determined question in the study. In such kind of the philosophy, individual can able
to collect the depth knowledge and understanding about the subject because in this study,
scholar uses several theories, model and concept for addressing the solution of research
issue (Melendez-Torres, Bonell and Thomas, 2015).
In the present dissertation, researcher has been selected positivism philosophy which
assist in addressing desired objective and aim. Thus, it is very essential for the scholar to
select the right philosophy according to the study. With help of positivism philosophy,
researcher can analyse the effectiveness of humanitarian aid in resolving the issues of
conflicted regions that are Syria and Myanmar. This philosophy is suitable for the present
dissertation because with help of this tool, test can conduct and scholar can frame
hypothesis in an effective manner.
Research approach
Research approach is another major important method in the research methodology
which assist to scholar in designing the master plan and implement in the right manner for
addressing desired outcome. In the absence of research approach, scholar can not able to
accomplish the research investigation study and can not obtain the valid solution of the
study. With help of this method, scholar can conduct the research and collect the
information. In the research methodology, it is the best way by which existing theory and
concept can address and scholar can improve its existing knowledge about the investigation
topic. This method can divided among two part that are inductive and deductive approach
(Ansara, 2015). In the context of inductive research approach, new theories are used on the
basis of available information about the subject. This method assist to the investigator in
taking right decision for the further studies. In this approach, hypothesis does not frame so
as scholar can freely take the decision for the research study. The major aim of this research
approach is to analyse the collected information and interpret meaningful result by use of
the primary information.
19

On the other hand in the deductive approach, scholar have main role to text the
existing concept and model which is used in the entire dissertation. This approach plays a
very crucial role because by this interconnection can established among the various models
and theories. With help of this technique, scholar can able to text the frame hypothesis and
address the last desired outcome for the study (Harley and et. al., 2015). In the present
dissertation, scholar has used the inductive approach by which scholar can able to address
the results. With assistance of this method, scholar can easily analyse the effectiveness of
humanitarian aid in resolving the issues of conflicted regions that are Syria and Myanmar.
Research design
In the research methodology another most important and significant tool is research
design by which scholar can collect and assess the information about the topic. With
assistance of this tool, researcher can able to address the research issue in effective
manner. It is a blue print in the entire dissertation by which information can collect and
assess. It also assists in obtaining the factual information related to e subject (Lee, 2014).
Research design have various kinds such as exploratory, descriptive and experimental etc.
In the context of exploratory research design, research can included various questions so as
researcher can attain the conclusion. It assists in understanding the actual issue of the
entire investigation and address the right solution. On the other hand in the context of
descriptive research design, scholar focuses on the theoretical analysis for conduct entire
investigation. It also assists in describing the existing concept and theories in the
investigation (Pfefferbaum, Newman and Nitiéma, 2014). Descriptive research design helps
in highlighting the current issue for assessing the solution. In the present dissertation, the
scholar has used descriptive research design for collect, analyse and interpret information.
Researcher has used descriptive research design by which interview has conducted and
question asked from the respondents. With assistance of this design, researcher can able to
analyse the effectiveness of humanitarian aid in resolving the issues of conflicted regions by
conduct the interview. In a simple word it can be said that with help of this research design,
scholar can effectively conduct interview from the harbour rohingya refugees and former
director of action aid in Myanmar and Syria and collect appropriate information for
addressing the accurate and valid outcome.
Research techniques-
Research techniques plays a very crucial role in the research methodology by which
whole research can conducted for obtain an appropriate solution. In the absence of research
technique, it is very difficult to conduct the research study. With assistance of this method,
scholar can able to collect the information about the topic and conclude appropriate solution
for the subject. This technique divided into two methods that are qualitative and
quantitative. In the qualitative research technique, scholar consider various theories and
20

model for understand the study in an effective manner (Pfefferbaum, Newman and Nitiéma,
2014). With help of various model, theories, concept, scholar can bale to address the right
solution and meet desired objective of study. On the other hand in the context of
quantitative research technique, scholar address the desired outcome by use of various
statistical and mathematical approach. Thus, it can be said that research technique is one of
the most important aspect in the entire dissertation by which scholar can collect, analyse
and interpret collected information. In addition to this, it is very important for select the right
research technique because entire outcome of study is largely depends upon the research
tool. In the qualitative research, scholar can obtain more information with help of theoretical
model and framework. On the other hand in the quantitative research, scholar can measure,
analyse and interpret the information through statistical tool.
In the context of present dissertation, the major aim is to analyse effectiveness of
humanitarian aid in resolving the issues of conflicted regions that are Syria and Myanmar. In
order to address this objective, investigator has used qualitative research technique which
help to the investigator in addressing various objective such as to identify that aid leads to
conflict aggravation in regions, to assess contribution of humanitarian aid in ending conflict,
to ascertain whether foreign aid party is effective in terms of resolving the state of vicious
cycle in conflicted situation and leads to development (Saunders and Bezzina, 2015). With
assistance of the qualitative research technique, scholar can use various theories, model
and concept to address an appropriate solution of research problem. Qualitative research
technique helps to the scholar in collecting the primary information from the rohingya
refugees and former directors of action aid in Myanmar and Syria countries.
Data collection-
Data collection is the process which is connected with the appropriate sources from
where information is gathered for collecting the information. It is essential for the researcher
to be careful at the time of collecting the information because it directly impacts the
findings. There are two different sources from where information can be collected that is
primary and secondary (Kalra, Phadnis and Joshi, 2017). Generally, the use of primary data
is that it helps in carried out fresh and new information. Here, to collect the primary
information there are different methods that are interview, survey etc. on the other hand
secondary information is old and published by the different author in their books and
journals.
In the present report both secondary method is used for collecting the information
that is so that depth information can be gather related to the topics. For collecting the
secondary information in the case of Myanmar and Syria. This way, specific information
related to the topic that is to analyse effectiveness of humanitarian aid in resolving the
issues of conflicted regions: A case study on conflict in Syria and Myanmar. In addition to
21

this, for gathering information books, journals, articles and online sources are taken into
consideration. As it help in understanding the view of different authors related to topic and
help in developing effectual framework for data analysis (Landau, Cohen-Mansfield and Lev-
Ari, S., 2016). Along with this in this research non academic information through foreign aid
websites, country reports by UN, Human Rights Watch, policy briefs and news sites for
current events which would help in carrying out research in systematic directions.
Data analysis-
Data analysis is one of the important chapters in the present research which helps in
attaining the aim and objectives in respect to produce a valid conclusion. There are different
tools and techniques which are being used by the scholar for analysing the data. The reason
behind analysing the data is to convert the raw material into the valid outcome. Therefore, it
is essential for the scholar to analysis the information which is collected from primary
sources (Abidin, Rusli and Khan, 2016). There are two different techniques for collecting the
information that is qualitative and quantitative. For presenting the collecting information in
non- numeric form qualitative techniques is used. In this thematic perception is undertaken
by the researcher for carrying out the qualitative investigation. There are different themes
which are prepared on the basis of conducted interview. On the other side into present, the
information in numeric form quantitative techniques is undertaken by the scholar. For
carrying out this investigation SPPS can be used by scholar and different statistical tools are
used such as Z-test, chi square test etc. Therefore it is important for the researcher to be
careful at the time of selecting techniques. In the present report, the researcher will use
qualitative techniques in which all the collected information is presented in the thematic
form. The reason behind selecting these techniques is that it is more suitable and
appropriate as per the nature of research.
Sampling-
In the research methodology, sampling is considered as the method by which
researcher can select the target population in order to collect the data. In this method,
researcher select the target population from the whole universe so as effective information
can collected and obtain the appropriate solution of the problem. In order to conduct the
survey and interview, decision of the sampling is very important by which scholar can collect
information about the subject. In the absence of sampling, scholar has made use of
secondary information in which the aim and objectives are attained (Saunders and Bezzina,
2015). The major objective of this study is to understand the impact of Humanitarian aid
provided in the areas of conflict zone. To carry out the research secondary data are
considered from the case of Myanmar, from harbour rohingya refugees and former director
of action aid in Myanmar. In the context of Syria, the data is conducted from action aid
provided in Syria which assist in providing overview from NGO practitioner’s perspective.
22

The rohingya refugees and former director aid in the both countries can help in acquiring the
information about the conflicted region. The sampling tool help to the investigator in
collecting the information about the subject so as researcher can able to conclude the result.
With help of sampling tool in the research methodology, scholar is able to conduct the data
collection program and collect the information about the topic. Thus, it can be said that in
the entire research process, sampling is very important by which information can collected
and obtain an appropriate solution about the research problem.
Research limitation-
In the present dissertation, there are several kinds of limitation which required to
determine by the scholar. Research limitation always influence the outcome of study and
overcome the scope of the investigation. These limitations negatively affect the scholar
activities while they conduct the research. Thus, it is very important for the investigator to
understand these limitations and make the strategies to overcome it. In the present
dissertation, scholar has faced several kinds of the limitations which are as follows Limitation of time- This is one of the most common and major problem which faced
by the scholar. Researcher has very limited time period under which they he have to
accomplish the investigation (Roberts, 2013). In order to conduct the depth research
and collect information, scholar required enough time. In order to accomplish the
research within a specific time period, researcher have faced some issue. However,
this issue could be overcome by investigator through putting some extra efforts so as
researcher study can meet the determined deadline.
 Lack of fund- This is another major issue which faced by the scholar which is related
to the finance. In the various activities in the investigation, scholar required sufficient
fund but due to the lack of finance, scholar have faced issue. In various activities like
transportation, printing questionnaire, internet cost etc required some amount of
fund.
 Slow responses by the respondents- In order to conduct the investigation in an
effective manner, it is very important for the scholar to collect information from the
respondents on time. If any respondents does not give their feedback and review on
the time then it may very difficult for the scholar to collect and analyse the
information (Miller and et. al., 2012). In the present study, scholar have faced the
issue related to the slow response from the respondents. Thus, it can be said that
scholar can use effective methods for enhance more numbers of voluntary
participation so as correct information can gather in the interview for analyse the
effectiveness of humanitarian aid in overcome e the issue of conflicted regions.
 Selection of tool- This is another limitation in the present dissertation which faced
by the investigator. In order to collect the accurate information and obtain the valid
23

solution it is very important for the scholar to use the appropriate technique of
research (Nakkeeran and Zodpey, 2012). If scholar selects wrong technique then
entire study will negatively influence and it provides wrong outcome.
 Design aim and objective- This is major limitation which faced by the scholar while
conducting investigation. Design the appropriate aim and objective for entire study is
very important because if wrong aim and objective would design then it will
negatively influence on the entire study.
24

CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS
4.1 Introduction
This is an important part in research as it enables to make analysis of the different
areas in accordance with the research. Further, it helps in getting appropriate findings for
the aim and objectives that is been developed for this research. There are two different type
of methods in order to make analysis of the data Methods include quantitative and
qualitative data. As per the present research, qualitative method is used. More specifically,
secondary research is considered for analysis. There are researches that are conducted by
other authors on similar topic. Findings made by them are beneficial in raising in depth
understanding and also helpful to come up with appropriate outcome. Further, aim of the
research topic, which is to understand the impact of Humanitarian aid, provided in the areas
of conflict zone and the conditions faced by them are also discussed. To carry out the
secondary research, case study of Myanmar and Syria are considered.
4.2 Analysis and finding
Themes are developed as per the aim and objectives that are set by the research and
findings are determined through the secondary researches considered. With this respect,
below given are the findings made with the help of secondary information:
Theme 1: Citizens of country in which conflict take place are affected mentally
and physically.
According to Hasimi, (2014), it can be stated that when any type of conflict take
place, then at the initial stage innocent people who may not be even part of it, gets affected
mentally and physically. There are many people who die even if they are not involved.
Davutoğlu, (2013) stated that most of the individuals in the community are actively or
involved in the militant activities but other who were not into it had also lost their family
members. There was shoot at site given by government of Myanmar in case they find any
militants. This has caused serious loose of life for rohingya refugees and other people who
lived in Myanmar. On side of Syria, similar condition was found in which ISIS attacked and
many of the innocent people died. In accordance with findings, overall it can be concluded
that conflict may take place anywhere and for any reason, but initially loss is faced by
innocent people.
Theme 2: Impact of aid on the people living in the country
As per Binder and Erten, (2013), there are both positive and negative aspects that
are identified with the aid that are provided. In this context, it is identified that most of the
people do get proper support from NGOs or hospitals but there are also cases in which these
25

people also die in providing services. As per the findings, majority of the support that people
receive is from hospitals. There are many explosions and other type of injuries that take
place due to which the first support that people get is from hospitals. Further, as per the
case of Myanmar, harbours Rohingya are taken to other countries like Bangladesh, Thailand
and Malaysia. Turkey provided food and clothing to Myanmar people. Further, Singapore
provides humanitarian aid to Rohingya Muslims. The support that they get from these
countries may not reach them due to high violence (Moret, 2015). There are conditions in
which people do not get proper services and this is due to lack of care providers. As per
views from one of researcher, US have contributed about $6.5 billion since the start of the
Syria crisis in 2012. Apart from this, it is identified that people living in the country are able
to find their way for safety but it take huge time in order to get those services due to attacks
that are made from terrorist and military. Apart from these, there are also cases in which
people do not get information of services that are delivered by aid providers. When people
do not get enough information, then it becomes difficult to save, protect and to make the
services effective.
Theme 3: Impact of aid on people leaving countries
It has been centuries since harbour rohingya have been living in Myanmar.
Individuals have developed their business and have set up their sources for living. However,
when conflict took place, then people have to get refugee in other countries who supported
these people. Countries included Malaysia, Austrlia, Thailand, Bangladesh, etc. (Binder,
2014). From the findings, it is identified that people were provided enough support from the
government and the Myanmar was funded so that rohingya Muslims can be refuge and this
way they will be able to start up a new life. In refuged countries, there are some of the
people who get support of their relatives but for other there are millinery camps or support
given by disaster management team provided. For Syria, there are support given from the
side of US, Jordan, Iraq, Egypt, Russia, etc. However, the support given by these countries
are highly effective as individuals are able to overcome the tragedy that has caused to
them. Among these, there are also people who were not able to over the pain that they
faced which has led them to depression and other kind of problems.
Theme 4: Satisfaction level of people living in aiding centres
Some of the people have received or attained the level of satisfaction and some have
not. This type of condition has raised due to lack of in efficiency that they failed in reaching
the required aim. However, some of them were able to get out of Myanmar but there were
still people or their relatives who are not able to reach them and they also have no proper
information about the same. From the findings, it is identified that 80% of Rohingya Muslims
26

live in Rakhine. Government forcefully managed to send these community to other countries
but there are still who are fighting for their rights. According to Moroney, Pezard and Doll,
(2013), One of the main issues that were identified by individuals was with respect to food
and fulfilling requirement of drinking water. The aid centres are not able to fulfil all the
requirements; in this, it includes food, shelter, etc. The aid providers are not able to fulfil
these needs the number of people is too high. Different type of difficulties that were faced
by harbour rohingya refugee has faced issues in relation with transportation, food,
accommodation, etc. For example, a building that capacity to hold and has the strength to
provided services to 100 people but due to some kind of condition, there are problems and
there are 300 people who stay there, then there are many type of difficulties faced by them.
With this respect, this is an aspect that has caused serious issues for refugees.
Theme 5: Impact of conflict on livelihood of refugees
Kanat and Üstün, (2015) stated that all the people or refugees faced serious issues.
As per the interview, the type of experience that were faced by people was not good. From
centuries, these people have earned and developed proper source for living and most of
them also have houses. Over night they have to live their thinks and were told to evacuate
the place. In such type of condition, people had to live every think behind in hope that the
problem will be solved and they can go back. From the response given by most of the
people, it is identified that majority of people faced serious issues in order to stay in other
countries or to start up their living. In addition to this, there are many people who were not
able to find their family members and it was not sure whether they were dead or alive.
Further, Blake and Mahmud, (2013) stated that there is both negative and positive
impact on the livelihood of the people by the conflict but majorly it has negative impact.
Most of the respondent have said that they are not satisfied with the result of the conflict.
The conflict would have arisen due to competition between the two countries for the scare
resources, religion tension or dis-satisfaction. The research has identified that there is
negative relationship between the livelihood and conflict. When the conflict is major and
based on the violence, it destroys the infrastructure of the country, due to the livelihood of
the citizen reduces. There are several types of livelihood assets such as physical, natural,
human, financial. Social and political which can be harmed in the situation of conflict. As the
minority of the people states, that conflict will always draw some conclusion, whether it is
win situation or lose situation, but the country is at the situation where they can take the
decision to improve the livelihood of the people. If they are at the win situation at that time
they will need not to put more efforts to enhance the livelihood and if they are at lose
situation, they will try to implement such strategies and laws, which helps them to improve
27

their livelihood (Rodrigues, 2012). However, the conclusion has been drawn that it has
negative impact over the livelihood where the various assets have been destroyed at the
time of conflict.
Theme 6: Aid provided during the time of conflict or after conflict
There are people among the respondents who have received the services at the time
of conflict and there are some of them who have received the services after the conflicted.
In both these conditions, after conflict has high negative affect that are faced by people.
When aid is provided immediately, then there are benefits as the rate of losses that are
faced by people is reduced (Pistone and Hoeffner, 2010). On the other hand, when the aid is
provided after the conflict, then the rate of deaths is high and conditions losses for life faced
by people. Services are received at places, which are near to the team who are focused on
delivering care.
Further, it is identified that there are most of the harbour rohingya refugee who state
that aid is provided to them at the time of conflict. On the other hand, help is provide to
them is after the conflict took place. Therefore, it is analysed that most of the refugee get
treatment at the time of conflict. This is very helpful for them because at the time of conflict
they do not have food, shelter and any type of security (Hasimi, 2014). Providing help in
food supply and other necessary help is very effective for them as per their point of view. At
the time of conflict, many Syria people died as they do not get food to eat for longer period
of time. Therefore, it can be stated that it is effective to provide them food and other help at
the time of conflict.
Theme 7: Feeling to rehabilitated after the aid provided to you
From the findings, it is identified that most of the harbour rohingya refugee were
satisfied with the facilities provided by aid countries during the time of conflict. They feel
happy as they are provided the best food, shelter and treatment facilities by the people of
UN country (Davutoğlu, 2013). Further, the refugees are able to heal with their poor health
and mentality. Therefore, it is analysed that the people are helped at greater level. They are
provided with food, shelter and medical treatment which helped them lot in increasing their
poor health conditions.
Furthermore, people feel relaxed after leaving their own country which was attacked
by ISIS in Syria. They have found the ray of hope which they have completely lost after
observing the bad condition of Iran. They feel relaxed when they are supported and
protected by aid countries. Iran countries was fully damaged from the dangerous attacks of
ISIS.
28

Theme 8: Impact of aid on conflict aggravation
From the findings, it is analysed that there is very large impact on the humanitarian
aid providers. The opposing country in which the conflict has been arises, they have started
attacking, and creating the violence in the countries, which is providing the air. The situation
has been becoming worse than the previous time (Binder and Erten, 2013). The opposing
country has been aware that other countries are providing aid facilities to the Syria and the
citizen of the Syria is migrating to the aid serving countries. These situations have created
negative impact on both of the countries that is Syria and aid providers. They NGO's are also
being involved in the conflict as well as also being affected. They have attacked the
humanitarian warehouse and convoys and this effect is more serious when it occurs to the
state and increase the risk of violence.
Theme 9: Different type of humanitarian aid that is provided to the people
According to Moret, (2015), the most important aid provided is non government aid,
as they provide donation to the citizen and businessman of the country. Other than that,
they are reconstructing the infrastructure and property in order to facilitate the return to the
disabled governance, security, transport of foods and suppliers and rebuilding the economy
again. With that, they are trying to transit to the natural security condition such as
demobilisation, demilitarization and adequate police force. They represent as government in
order to moderate the conflict. Moreover, the effective aid they are serving is economic
development that is try are trying to stabilise the macro and micro economic factors in order
to promote the political stability and facilitate proper financial base for the government of
Syria.
Theme 10: Humanitarian aid result in end of conflicts
Humanitarian does not help to end the conflict but it helps the conflicting countries to
reduce the conflicts. It helps the Syria and for the Myanmar to analyse the different
dimension of the complex humanitarian emergencies and how these emergencies can be
resolved at the time of conflicts. The conflicts destroy the life of the people, their societies,
and economics and reduce the individual's access to the basic services. The conflict creates
the large scale disabled people and the abuse of human rights. The risk is higher when the
people are living in the poor country so it is the chance that they can lose in-front of the
opposing country (Binder, 2014). In such situation, the gap between the poor and rich is
increasing and poor people think that they do not have political support as well as access to
the human rights. The humanitarian aid helps those people at the time of conflict so that
they can serve proper infrastructure and political stability, which help them to gain win
situation in the conflict and reduce the situation of conflict between the countries.
Theme 11: Various facilities provided at aiding centres
29

From the findings, it is identified that facilities, which are provided to the refugees,
are enough to fulfil their requirements. On the other hand, not all the facilities are enough to
meet the requirements of the refugee people. It is also found that people are not able to
take benefits of the things, which are provided, by UN country.
Therefore, it is analysed that the refugee people are able to meet their basic
requirements like food, shelter, medical treatment, sanitation facilities etc. These facilities
are more than enough for the suffering people to live. They are also given shelter and
education facilities for their small children so that their future can be protected. This will
help to maintain their mental and physical conditions strong (Moroney, Pezard and Doll,
2013). Further, this kind of facilities has helped the people to meet their requirements and
prevent from terrorists. The aiding centres are also taking care of patients, old and disable
people so that they can maintain their health. This has increased the confidence and trust of
the refugees towards humanity. Further, effective aiding facilities helped them to improve
their living conditions.
Theme 12: Views of aid providers in conflicts
According to Kanat and Üstün, (2015), most of the former director gave different
views related to their providing aid. Some of them think that is not easy to provide support
and it leads to create problem. On the other side, it is not easy to provide support at the
time of conflict because they may face problem as because of critical situation in Syria.
Therefore, it is analysed that some of the former director have negative views while some
have positive view related to providing aid to Syria and Myanmar refugee. They think
conflict provide huge disaster and there is no result can be come out from this conflict. They
like to support refugee and they have some emotional feeling for Syria and Myanmar
refugee who suffer due to conflict.
Theme 13: Aid provided at the time of conflict
There are different set of strategies that are identified with the help of which proper
services and care are delivered to people. In this context, one of the strategies implemented
is by contacting hospitals who are able to provide adequate information about the people
and the areas, which are under risk. As per the findings, made, team send to these places so
that individual can be saved from the issue. Further, they also make use of social media so
that each one can be informed about the issues that are faced (Blake and Mahmud, 2013).
Apart from this, there are certain arrangements that has to be made in which it includes
food, shelter, etc. There are proper analysis made in which total number of people who are
involved are identified who are in need of support or aid. In addition to this, there is also
transportation facility that has to be provided so that people can be boarded to other
countries for refugee.
30

Theme 14: Aid provided to people after conflict
Rodrigues, (2012) stated that there are different types of issues that are faced in
after services. There are many set of services that are listed at the initial stage and when
one talk about food or any other type of services and not available to be provided to people.
The search that has to be made also need to be made more strong so that all the people
who were missing can be identified easily.
31

CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Conclusion
According to the above objective, it is concluded that humanitarian aid is conducting
various programs to help the people who are in need and are suffering from many problems,
Whether it be natural or man made. When a disaster takes place the organisations come to
relief and help in every aspect to make sure that they are reaching to every person needing
the help. It provides both moral and logical help to assist the people and create a good
humanity. It helps in promoting human welfare and increasing social reforms. There are
many places where humans need assistance like in times of earthquakes, tsunamis, armed
conflicts etc. There are agencies working on these measures and reaching to the most
uncommon areas also. They work on providing the equal right to each and every human and
to provide proper assistance to them. The main basis of humanitarian is to save the lives of
the people and give their rights and to achieve their goals. It works on giving rights to
different categories of people like children, women, refugees and many more. It is important
in every aspect of life and essential for the people who are in extent danger. It is designed to
save lives and reach to those who are in need of an emergency. It is created to make a safe
environment and its purpose is to reach the areas of development. In times of needs, it
brings relief to those who require immediate relief in case of conflicts, disaster, and armed
conflicts. It is very important and affects the lives of people who are in need of help like
children born in poverty, people suffering from diseases which are dangerous to mankind.
Here it is concluded that humanitarian aid is very essential for human society as they are
there to help and cure them of many uncommon problems. It takes the initiative in the
sustainable development of human society by giving education to children as it is their right
and they must posses education and help in the development of their region.
From the study it can be ascertained that, humanitarian aid is one of the significant
part which helps to resolve conflict of Myanmar and Syria up the greater extent. Under this,
human provide assistance in form of materials and logistics to the suffered people from
violence created by Muslim community in Myanmar. Apart from this, they help to the Syrian
population also in which needed goods and services for living are distributed. The country of
Myanmar is highly rich in terms of the natural resource but due to this particular democratic
conflict they unable to use them. Therefore, humanitarian aid was highly required to
overcome that issue. In addition to this, MHF framework which is stands for Myanmar
Humanitarian Fund also allowed the suffered people for various helps. As this kind of support
provided to the Syrian and Myanmar community then conflict reduces highly. However,
humanitarian aid has negative impact also on the country up to the certain level. Under this,
issue of political dilemmas come into consideration within region. Along with this, parties like
politician etc. which involve in this are try to take higher advantages which become another
32

adverse impact. Henceforth, it can be said that humanitarian aid helps to the region in order
to resolve conflicts of Myanmar and Syria up to the better extent.
It can be pertained from the secondary research that foreign aids are provided to the
Syria and Myanmar country for resolving their conflicts. When talking about the Myanmar
democratic issue and disputes arisen between Muslim community and government then
huge foreign aid parties included. To this particular region, generally Thailand, Australia and
Turkey these three overseas are taking part. In this such foreign aid parties help in terms of
monetary and non-monetary both kinds. In this, they support for providing education also up
to the higher level which is one of an effectual part. When considering to the Syria conflicts
then USA and Russia these both are taking higher part in terms of foreign aid party. On the
basis of this, it can be said that vicious cycle of the conflict is also resolved. Under this, issue
of this particular situation not arisen once it solved within region. Hence, the foreign aid
party are the most supportive for Syria and Myanmar for eliminating vicious cycle of dispute
and development.
On the basis of last objective of the dissertation it can be analysed that, when aid
provided to the conflicted region during issues then supports up to the greater level. The
reason is that within this kind of situation suffered people get help then able to come out
from that conditions in the higher extent. Further, during the conflict need of help is more
required as compared to after the condition of the disputes within region. It can be pertained
that when foreign or humanitarian or any kind of aid given to suffered people after the
conflict then impact will be extremely lower. In addition to this, benefits of the aid will be
effective up to the very less level in oppose to the previous situation. The secondary data
reflects that, within conflicted region if aid provided after completion of the conflict then will
be ineffective for it. In contrary to this, if humanitarian and foreign aid allowed to such
countries during conflicts then will be highly effective. Hence, it can be said that
effectiveness of aid in the region of conflict will differ if aid comes into consideration within
and after conflict.
It can be concluded from the research methodology chapter that, qualitative method
for investigating the topic is hereby taken into account. On the basis of this, themes are
prepared by considering the primary data collection method and then analysed properly.
The study is of the inductive nature in which study started form the observation part where
data collection method is elected. Further, ended or completed with the specific as well as
theory part in which conclusion is determined. Data gathered in the present study from
humanitarian aid provider and receiver with the help of interview. After considering reviews
as well as opinions of both group of interview valid conclusion is drawn by the researcher.
33

It can be concluded from the primary data analysis that, aid providers like harbour
rohingya, NGO practitioners, Myanmar Humanitarian Fund etc. are provided response in
positive direction. In addition to this when looking at the aid providers of Syria region then
they also respond in positive context. On the basis of them various types of the
humanitarian aid given to suffered regions to resolve impact of conflicts. Majority of aids
provided are related to the education system, food, cloths, housing etc. monetary and non-
financially terms. When looking at the another theme then it can be said that conflicts
aggravation affected through humanitarian aid in favour of the suffered region like Syria and
Myanmar. The primary information reflects that with the help of material and logistics
assistance provided by human are the most supportive tool for ending conflicts from region.
There are several numbers of the services and facilities giving the centres of aiding to
suffered people. Henceforth, humanitarian aid is highly effective for conflict zones from the
aid provider's point if views.
When considering to the responses of aid receiver then it can be found that
humanitarian aid affects to those people who are living in country up to the greater extent.
The reason is that when situation of dispute arisen within region then provided aid
distributed within whole population of the country which lead to create positive impact.
When looking at the another theme which is related with the satisfaction level then it can be
said that, from aiding centres people are highly satisfied. The reason behind boosting
satisfaction extent is that, they are beneficial in both financially and non-monetary terms
from humanitarian and foreign aid. However, as per the aid receiver's opinions livelihood of
the people within both the conflicted regions affects in negative direction also up to some
level. Further, it can be said that behind making solution of conflict within Syria and
Myanmar there is extremely support of humanitarian aid.
5.2 Recommendations
Aid should be provided with clear target:
It is recommended that its aim should be clear about what they are going to provide
to the people and in what context they are going to work. It should be working with a clear
target and for the purpose of resolving the problems arising in the countries like Syria and
Myanmar. The aim must be clear to protect the conditions of the states of Myanmar, the
government of Myanmar is working with UNICEF to help the basic needs of the people
affected by problems like SAM (severe appropriate infant). It is the area where they are
needed to help the needful and with a clear objective.
Donor country provides more assistance to conflicted country:
34

Donor country is always helpful to the conflicted country. They provide more
assistance to the affected countries in the form of funds, medical assistance and more. So it
is recommended to the developed countries to raise a hand for the development of these
conflicted countries. UNICEF is providing many relief programs to the affected countries and
also suggesting the donor countries to give assistance to these countries. It will decrease
the issues related to the problems and help in going a better social life to other countries
affected by the problems' in case of natural and man made.
Increase the amount of aid for more effectiveness:
It is recommended to increase the amount of aid for more effectiveness in the
countries like Syria and Myanmar. Increasing the aid helps the country to recover from the
issues as soon and provide them to strike back and lead a better life. In Syria there are
many issues related to this as they have been strike down many times. The failure in
international aid showed that there is a need to increase the amount of help and recreate
the conditions of the people. More than 70,000 people were killed and the lesser number of
international aid took it more than 2 years to recover.
Ensuring aid reached to right hand:
It should reach to the right hands as the people in need are suffering from various
issues. Many times UN has tried to deliver the much needed aid to the people in Syria but
has also failed as the terrorist attacks are creating problem over there. The needful people
are suffering from many problems and are lacking to get the desired help. So it is
recommended that these areas should get enough help with the type of help required in
form of food, shelter and relief from militant attacks.
Raising more international organization and developments of disaster
Management:
The donor countries should raise more funds and take steps against the disasters
taking place in the countries. The UN is raising funds and asking more countries to raise
more help in the form of funds and help these countries by creating many more
organisations. The organisations which can help them to take steps against these disasters.
They must work to cure the problems and take steps against these problems. Formation of
international organisation and involvement of them in the development of the country may
help in weakening the terrorist group.
Separate political motive and provide aid with genuine purpose:
It is recommended that there should be a separate political motive about the
humanitarian approach and it should not be mixed with the purpose of help. The aid
35

provided should not have anything to do with political agenda. The help provided must be
genuine and there should be an appropriate environment in making a country free from any
problem. Involvement of political parties in the respect of providing aid will decrease the
motive of aid to be provided. The countries suffering from armed attacks need help to
resolve their problem and do not look for political parties to help for their political agendas.
So it is recommended to provide proper assistance leaving all the agendas behind and work
with a purpose to provide support to these countries.
36

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Abidin, M. Z., Rusli, R., Buang, A., Shariff, A. M. and Khan, F. I., 2016. Resolving inherent
safety conflict using quantitative and qualitative technique.Journal of Loss Prevention
in the Process Industries.44. pp.95-111.
Akl, E.A., Farha, A. and Pottie, K., 2015. Effectiveness of Mechanisms and Models of
Coordination between Organizations, Agencies and Bodies Providing or Financing
Health Services in Humanitarian Crises: A Systematic Review. PloS one. 10(9).
p.e0137159.
Akparibo, R. and Holdsworth, M., 2016. Relationships Between Recovery and Relapse, and
Default and Repeated Episodes of Default in the Management of Acute Malnutrition in
Children in Humanitarian Emergencies: A systematic review protocol.
Al-Salem, W. S. and et.al 2016. Cutaneous leishmaniasis and conflict in Syria. Emerging
infectious diseases. 22(5). p.931.
Ansara, Y. G., 2015. Improving research methodology in adolescent sexual health research.
Journal of Adolescent Health. 56(4). pp.367-369.
Appelbaum, R.P. and Robinson, W.I. eds., 2005. Critical globalization studies. Psychology
Press.
Balcik, B. and Kundakcioglu, O. E., 2016. A literature review on inventory management in
humanitarian supply chains. Surveys in Operations Research and Management Science.
Beadling, C. W. and Sharp, T. W., 2016. Ebola Virus and Public Health (Part 3).
Bell, S.R., Clay, K.C. and Murdie, A., 2014. Taking the fight to them: neighborhood human
rights organizations and domestic protest. British Journal of Political Science. 44(4).
pp.853-875.
Binder, A. and Erten, C., 2013, October. From Dwarf to Giant: Turkey’s Contemporary
Humanitarian Assistance. In World Conference on Humanitarian Studies: Human
Security-Humanitarian Perspectives, İstanbul(p. 11).
Binder, A., 2014. The shape and sustainability of Turkey’s booming humanitarian
assistance. International Development Policy| Revue internationale de politique de
développement, (5.2).
Blake, J. and Mahmud, A., 2013. A Legal Red Line: Syria and the Use of Chemical Weapons in
Civil Conflict. UCLA L. Rev. Discourse. 61. pp.244.
Breitwieser, A. and Wick, K., 2016. What we miss by missing data: Aid effectiveness
revisited. World Development, 78, pp.554-571.
37

Clark, T. and Simeon, J.C., 2016. War, armed conflict, and refugees: the United Nations’
Endless Battle for Peace. Refugee survey quarterly. 35(3). pp.35-70.
Coulter, I. D. and et.al., 2014. Research methodology: Choices, logistics, and
challenges. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine: eCAM. 2014.
Davies, S.E. and True, J., 2017. Norm Entrepreneurship in Foreign Policy: William Hague and
the Prevention of Sexual Violence in Conflict. Foreign Policy Analysis. p.orw065.
Davutoğlu, A., 2013. Turkey's humanitarian diplomacy: objectives, challenges and
prospects. Nationalities Papers. 41(6). pp.865-870.
Economy, S and Monitor, S. P., 2016. Advancing Social Justice In Europe and Worldwide.
Policy.
Gargano, L.M., Hajjeh, R. and Cookson, S.T., 2017. Pneumonia prevention: Cost-effectiveness
analyses of two vaccines among refugee children aged under two years,
Haemophilus influenzae type b-containing and pneumococcal conjugate vaccines,
during a humanitarian emergency, Yida camp, South Sudan. Vaccine, 35(3), pp.435-
442.
Gillespie, P. J., 2017. SciTech Invites You to Help Support High-Tech Humanitarian Efforts.
Scitech Lawyer. 13(2). pp.30
Gleick, P. H., 2014. Water, drought, climate change, and conflict in Syria. Weather, Climate,
and Society. 6(3). pp.331-340.
Guzzini, S., 2013. Realism in International Relations and International Political Economy: the
continuing story of a death foretold. Routledge.
Harley, D. and et. al., 2015. Photovoice as a culturally competent research methodology for
African Americans. Journal of Pan African Studies. 7(9). pp.31-41.
Hasimi, C., 2014. Turkey's Humanitarian Diplomacy and Development Cooperation. Insight
Turkey. 16(1). pp.127.
Hirschinger, M., Moser, R., Schaefers, T. and Hartmann, E., 2016. No Vehicle Means No Aid—
A Paradigm Change for the Humanitarian Logistics Business Model. Thunderbird
International Business Review, 58(5), pp.373-384.
Joseph, J., 2014. Realism and Neorealism in International Relations Theory. The Encyclopedia
of Political Thought.
Kalra, R., Phadnis, S. and Joshi, A., 2017. Perceptual analysis of women on tubectomy and
other family planning services: a qualitative study.International Journal of
Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology.4(1). pp.94-99.
Kanat, K. B. and Üstün, K., 2015, April. Turkey’s Syrian refugees: Toward integration. SETA.
Khalid, A. N. S., 2009. Reflexivity in Qualitative Accounting Research. Journal of Financial
Reporting and Accounting. 7(2). pp.81–95.
38

Kinninmont, J. and House, L., 2014. The Syria conflict and the geopolitics of the
region. IEMed Mediterranean Yearbook.
Lahiri, S. and Roberts, B., 2016. The influence of humanitarian crises on social functioning
among civilians in low-and middle-income countries: A systematic review. Global public
health. pp.1-18.
Landau, C., Mitnik, I., Cohen-Mansfield, J., Tillinger, E., Friedman, E. and Lev-Ari, S., 2016.
Inquiry-based stress reduction (IBSR) meditation technique for BRCA1/2 mutation
carriers— International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and
Gynecology.4(1). pp.94-99.
Lassi, Z.S., Soofi, S.B. and Bhutta, Z.A., 2015. Impact of service provision platforms on
maternal and newborn health in conflict areas and their acceptability in Pakistan: a
systematic review. Conflict and health. 9(1). p.25.
Lee, S.P., 2014. A query on research methodology and ethics: defending Citizens Advice, its
work and goals. Work, Employment & Society. 28(6). pp.1016-1025.
Melendez-Torres, G.J., Bonell, C. and Thomas, J., 2015. Emergent approaches to the meta-
analysis of multiple heterogeneous complex interventions. BMC medical research
methodology. 15(1), pp.1.
Miller, T. and et. al., 2012. Ethics in Qualitative Research. SAGE.Monsen, E. R., and Horn,
L.V., 2007. Research: Successful Approaches. American Dietetic Association.
Moret, E.S., 2015. Humanitarian impacts of economic sanctions on Iran and Syria. European
Security. 24(1). pp.120-140.
Moroney, J. D., Pezard, S. and Doll, A., 2013. Lessons from Department of Defense disaster
relief efforts in the Asia-Pacific region. Rand Corporation.
Nakkeeran, N., and Zodpey, S. P., 2012. Qualitative research in applied situations: Strategies
to ensure rigor and validity. Indian Journal of Public Health, 56 (1). pp. 4-11.
Patel, P., Cummings, R. and Roberts, B., 2015. Exploring the influence of the Global Fund
and the GAVI Alliance on health systems in conflict-affected countries. Conflict and
health. 9(1). p.7.
Paul, B.K., Acharya, B. and Ghimire, K., 2017. Effectiveness of earthquakes relief efforts in
Nepal: opinions of the survivors. Natural Hazards, 85(2), pp.1169-1188.
Pfefferbaum, B., Newman, E. and Nitiéma, P., 2014. Research methodology used in studies
of child disaster mental health interventions for posttraumatic stress. Comprehensive
psychiatry. 55(1). pp.11-24.
Pistone, M. R. and Hoeffner, J. J., 2010. Unsettling Developments: Terrorism and the New
Case for Enhancing Protection and Humanitarian Assistance for Refugees and
39

Internally Displaced Persons, Including Victims of Natural Disasters. Colum. Hum. Rts.
L. Rev. 42. pp.613.
Ratnayake, R., Roberts, B. and Spiegel, P., 2014. Conflict and Health: seven years of
advancing science in humanitarian crises. Conflict and health. 8(1). p.7.
Read-Hamilton, S. and Marsh, M., 2016. The Communities Care programme: changing social
norms to end violence against women and girls in conflict-affected
communities. Gender & Development. 24(2). pp.261-276.
Roberts, T., 2013. Understanding the research methodology of interpretative
phenomenological analysis. British Journal of Midwifery. 21(3).
Rodrigues, S., 2012. Somewhere Between Civil War and Regime Transition: The
Responsibility to Protect Response to Libya and Syria. Journal Article| Jun. 12(4).
pp.41am.
Saunders, M.N. and Bezzina, F., 2015. Reflections on conceptions of research methodology
among management academics. European Management Journal. 33(5). pp.297-304.
'Snyder, C., 2012. A case study of a case study: Analysis of a robust qualitative research
methodology. The Qualitative Report. 17(13). p.1.
Stanley, L. ed., 2013. Feminist praxis (RLE feminist theory): Research, theory and
epistemology in feminist sociology. Routledge.
Zumitzavan, V. and Michie, J., 2015. Research Methodology. In Personal Knowledge
Management, Leadership Styles, and Organisational Performance (pp. 27-34).
Springer Singapore.
Online
Berman, Eli., 2013. Effective aid in conflict zones. [Online]. Available through:
<http://voxeu.org/article/effective-aid-conflict-zones> [Accessed on 7th September
2017].
Durand, L., 2015. Conflicts in Myanmar: A systemic approach to conflict analysis and
transformation. [Pdf]. Available through: <http://lup.lub.lu.se/luur/download?
func=downloadFile&recordOId=3809452&fileOId=3809455> [Accessed on 7th
September 2017].
Nowshin, N., 2017. The twin tragedies of Syria and Myanmar. [Online]. Available through:
<http://www.thedailystar.net/opinion/no-offence/the-twin-tragedies-syria-and-
[Accessed on 7th September 2017].
The fractured response of humanitarian aid in Syria, 2015 [Online]. Available through:
<https://www.insightonconflict.org/blog/2015/05/fractured-response-humanitarian-
aid-syria/> [Accessed on 7th September 2017].
40

41