Assessment of Efficiency Regenerative Braking with Electromagnetic Braking Systems in PHEVs

RESEARCH METHODS FOR ENGINEERS
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Topic: ASSESSMENT OF EFFICIENCY REGENERTATIVE BRAKING WITH
ELECTROMAGNETIC BRAKING SYSTEMS IN PHEVs
Abstract
This research will be an attempt to demonstrate that the braking system of electric drives in
companies as well as automobiles, more specifically PHEVs, with the use of electromagnetic
braking system generates energy during the process of braking and almost resembles the already
existing electric regenerative braking.
Introduction
Currently, there are numerous kinds of electric drive braking systems which are in existence.
Some of these braking systems are mechanical braking systems also called friction brakes. One
of the main disadvantages of the friction brakes revolves around the frequent replacement of the
brakes that is needed, dissipation of energy in the form of heat which turns out to be non-
environmental friendly (Tandel et al., 2018). There are at the moment three main sub-methods of
electrical braking systems: plugging, electric regenerative as well as dynamic or rheostat brake.
The electric regenerative braking system has turned out to be possessing better qualities and thus
more popular as compared to the other two.
This is attributed to the energy regeneration through changing the monitoring action into a
generator; a process that cannot be achieved by the other methods. Other advantages are that it is
not polluting, it is economical and as well does not need frequent maintenance as is the case with
the others (Gofran, Neugebauer & Schramm, 2017). This study aims at studying the benefits
including the efficiency of the use of electromagnetic system in regenerative braking of a PHEV.
While it has been established that the conventional braking systems including mechanical or

friction braking system are not energy efficient as they produce energy in the form of heat which
not only increases the rate of tear and wear but also pollute the environment, it is believed that
the electromagnetic braking system is more efficiency in terms of energy (Luo et al., 2017).
Research Aim
 Determining the efficiency of the electromagnetic braking systems in terms of the rate of
energy production and conversion
Research Hypotheses
 Electromagnetic braking system is a better system that the conventional dynamic braking
system and mechanical braking system
 Electromagnetic braking system enhances the energy efficiency by reducing or
eliminating the production of energy in the form of heat in a PHEV
Literature Review
Electromagnetic braking refers the application of brakes through the use of magnetic power and
electronic power. Electromagnetic braking systems have been in application as equipment for
supplementary retardation besides the regular friction brakes as observed in heavy vehicles
(Yadav, Shah, Yadav & Patel, 2018).
General Principles of the Electromagnetic Braking System
The principle of electromagnetism is used in this system to end up with a frictionless braking.
With a frictionless braking the lifespan as well as the reliability of the brakes are enhanced as it
would reduce the rate of tear and wear of such brakes (Sharma, Dhingra & Pathak, 2015). It as
well calls for minimal oiling and maintenance their property of being frictionless tends to be the

main reason for the proposal of electromagnetic braking system in vehicles. The working
principles of any braking system on vehicles on the road are changing into thermal energy which
is heat to kinetic energy. A powerful stopping force is applied by the driver upon stepping on the
brakes. The force applied by the foot of the driver has been established to be numerous time
powerful in magnitude as the very force that is used in initiating motion in a car thereby
releasing the related kinetic energy in the form of heat (Ren, Ma & Cong, 2015).
Tests to be used in the study
In order to attain the objectives and aims of the study, the research will use a model friction of an
electromagnetic braking system. The fabrication model will be composed of an electromagnetic
iron plate, disc brake plate as well as liners. Electromagnetic braking system uses the principle of
electromagnetic property from which a braking action will occur (Tiwari et al., 2018). The
modelling of the fabrication will be done in such a way that the brake liners would be connected
to the electromagnet and to the iron plate simultaneously on a single basis. The disc plate is then
inserted to the two plates. The model will also incorporate a silicon control rectifier in which the
silicon control rectifier gate pulse would be shot and the resultant directed into an electromagnet
for use in breaking the wheels. Silicon control rectifier offers a relatively large current to the
electromagnetic braking system. The overall impact of this is a rebellion of the rotation or
movement of the wheels (Kelly, Lesh & Baek, 2014).