Electric Vehicles: Environmental and Economic Implications

This report discusses the environmental and economic implications of electric vehicles, including their impact on greenhouse gas emissions, air quality, and public health. It covers the introduction, background, and presentation of the topic, as well as a summary of key findings from two academic papers and a comparison between them. The report also includes information on the UK government's policies and incentives for promoting the use of electric vehicles.

Research Skills and Using
Information

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
TASK A...........................................................................................................................................1
An introduction to the topic....................................................................................................1
Background to the topic..........................................................................................................2
Presentation of both articles...................................................................................................2
TASK B...........................................................................................................................................4
A summary of key findings from both articles.......................................................................4
Comparison between academic papers...................................................................................5
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................7
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................8

INTRODUCTION
Electric car is considered as an alternative fuel automobile which utilises motors as well as
motor controllers for propulsion, into place of above common driving force methods like internal
combustion engine. Moreover, electricity may be utilising as a transportation fuel to power
battery electric vehicles (EVs). Additionally, this stores electricity into energy storage devices
like battery. In addition to this, electric care or battery e- car is essentially an automobile which
is being developed through above one electric motor with assistance of energy that is stored into
batteries. There have not any exhaust and zero emission as well as effective way because of their
low fuel and maintenance costing. Also, there are vital enhancements into pollution level across
the world because of harmful gases emission mainly from diesel or petrol vehicles. Within it, e-
vehicles proves to become eco-friendly measures as it did not produce pollution and harmful
gases. Furthermore, it have low maintenance because of effectual e-motors as well as having
better performance that also aids person to efficiently contributes towards protecting
environment and become ecological conscious. This report is categorised into two: First part
covers the introduction, background and presentation of present topic. While secondary part
covers, summary of key findings from both articles and comparison among two academic papers.
MAIN BODY
TASK A
An introduction to the topic.
There is an extreme enhancement into greenhouse gases emission and another chemical or
harmful gases within environmental that is mainly the contribution of diesel or petrol cars.
Within it, e- vehicles that facilitates essential emissions than petrol and diesel vehicle which is an
effectual options that not only assists in minimising harmful air pollutants but also the energy
effective options that aids into conserving fossil fuels. Additionally, report have been performed
upon the utilisation of electric cars within UK for protecting the environment as well as decrease
the harmful gases emission with aids of energy effectual system. In addition to this, government
of particular region is motivating the utilisation of electric vehicles as this is not cheap into
longer period in comparison to diesel and petrol cars but is also effective for environmental e-
vehicles. Additionally, this assists to minimise harmful air pollution as well as having zero
exhaust emission. However, this have been represented that electric vehicle is not only effective
1

for atmosphere but this is also efficient for person’s health as it aids to promote healthy air
quality that would essentially assists to minimise health issues which has been caused through
vehicles that run with petrol and diesel. Furthermore, for encouraging the utilisation of electric
cars the UK’s government have been crucially adapting tax incentives as well as are being
facilitating business that grants for entities within respective industry. Along with this, it have
been highlighted that e-vehicles into United Kingdom’s region that not only incorporates
national security benefits, economical growth and effective quality and health but this aids to
renders ecological advantages. Moreover, this has been determined that currently UK is much
higher dependent upon other regions for petroleum imports that not only impacts the economy
but also affects upon environments. Within it, e-vehicles is much essentially maximised through
country’s government as this is an efficacious renewable energy sources that assisted particular
country top evaluates economical benefits for longer time durations.
Background to the topic.
Electric vehicle is comprehensive of various advantages upon conventional diesel or petrol
cars. Moreover, the cost that is needed for maintaining e-vehicles is lesser than cost of using
petrol cars or for same sized vehicles. Additionally, this has been represented that e- vehicles are
much cheaper and cost effective as well as maintain for registering the plus there are various
continuous discounts that are being facilitated through government of UK upon registration of e-
vehicles. This has been determined that there is huge maximisation into air pollution, noise
pollution and other kinds of pollution because of diesel and petrol vehicles. In addition to this,
the, the particular report is performed upon uses of electric cars within UK. For it, two articles
has been chosen that presents the use of e-cars into opted region addition to main summary as
well as comparison of chosen academic papers that would essentially assists in identifying the
significance of electric vehicles for supporting the environment and economical advantages to
particular country.
Presentation of both articles
This is been determined that electric vehicles essentially assists in minimising harmful
exhaust emission that is effective for health air quality. Moreover, this would aids to decrease the
health issues, e-vehicles is efficient for energy protection as this also aids region for measuring
the economical advantages. In addition to this, it has been represented that UK is much
dependent upon other countries for having petroleum imports. Within it, E-vehicles is not only
2

cost effective for maintaining as well as better for atmosphere but this also aids government for
evaluating the various economical advantages. There are several leading firms across the world
that are coming up with existent advanced technologies like Tesla along with advanced
automation & safety features, that is developing e-vehicles effective for world and for persons.
Additionally, this has been analysed that there are numerous schemes and grants which is being
enforced through UK’s government for motivating people towards electric vehicles. In relation
to the initial article, this has been chosen in context to uses of electric cars within UK, a Scotland
case study that has been evaluated which includes financial and ecological implications of
exploring the utilisation of e-cars. Furthermore, the particular academic paper is dully researched
the exploration as well as utilisation of electric cars addition to its affect on environment. Along
with this, it have been also presented that the particular research papers explains the electric
vehicles replacement on users. Also, this articles highlights that there is crucially enhance into
various world population over last few decades that is driving towards maximisation into number
of cars that is being enhancing greenhouse gases that released from traffics. Research papers
determines the ways wherein electric cars performance as well as utilising lesser fuels for
protecting environment against harmful gases. Also, the particular research paper describes that
electric vehicles which do not release any kind of emission as well as needs electricity for
running that is an environmental friendly solution for accomplishing the ever-developing
demand of much vehicles and safeguards the atmospheres.
While on other side, the second chosen research paper article evaluates the affect of large
scale electric vehicles which role out within United Kingdom region as well as the ways wherein
effective environmental and climate norms may be inspired addition to strategies for Influencing
person to utilize e-vehicles. Moreover, the research paper also describes the main UK policies to
develop individuals and also aware about the vital effect of electronic vehicles upon the energy
system atmosphere as well as the economy. Along with this, it has been represented that the
particular academic paper involves explanations on modifications that is crucial for bringing in
order to formulate sustainable policies for penetrating exploration of electric vehicles and set ban
upon petrol as well as diesel cars by the year 2013 into UK.
3

TASK B
A summary of key findings from both articles.
The environmental and financial implications of expanding the use of electric cars - A Case study of
Scotland.
This particular paper duly researched the exploration of e-cars addition to it's indirect as
well as direct affect on the individual and environment. According to this paper, it have been
determined that electric vehicles which has affirmative affects upon environment and financially
advantageous their customers as this is cost effectual and required less maintenance costs. The
particular research articles describes that e-vehicles is an eco friendly solution that do nit only
accomplish the ever developing demands for more vehicles but also an alternate for revolving
leading greenhouse gases and pollution level. Additionally, there is vital enhancement into
carbon dioxide emissions, this is not only drives towards bad air quality but is also maximizing
international temperatures into UK. Furthermore, the government is undertaking the utilisation of
climate change policies as well as activities for reducing the level of greenhouse gases towards
increasing the quality of air, wherein they are motivating exploring the utilisation of electric
vehicles for efficaciously contributes into minimisation of greenhouse gases emission from
transportation industry. However, the key intent of this particular research article is to determine
the affects of electric vehicles upon carbon emissions as well as ownership costs. Moreover this
has been explained into respective articles wherein the case studies scenario focus upon
replacement of electric cars against diesel and petrol vehicles. In addition to this, the crucial
point which has been excluded from the particular academic paper article is the fact which is
Battery EV (Plug in EV) owners are exempted from road taxes (The environmental and financial
implications of expanding the use of electric cars - A Case study of Scotland. 2021).
Additionally, the electric car batteries production that essentially contributes towards carbon
emissions formation is not also been consider. The respective article describes that old petrol and
diesel vehicles replacement with e-cars which have divergent benefits as well as drawbacks
because of vital enhancement into the demand of electric vehicles for protecting atmosphere
there would be development into the amount of carbon emissions. This article also explains that
the much eco - friendly resources are utilised for generating the electricity like nuclear power
plant as well as renewable power plant the much affirmative effect may be measures. The whole
summary of this particular articles describes that the key benefits of minimising pollution with
4

assistance of electric vehicles crucially contributes towards effective public health situation as
well as less carbon emissions.
Analysing the impacts of a large-scale EV rollout in the UK – How can we better inform environmental
and climate policy?
Respective research article determines that the effect of electric vehicles for meeting local
pollution as well as while net zero carbon emissions goals of UK. The particular paper evaluates
the significance as well as affect of e-vehicles upon the energy system atmosphere and economic
and transport electrification for developing effectual sustainable norms to minimize CO2
emissions. This also incorporates explanation on the manner for tackling climate change and
local pollution (Analysing the impacts of a large-scale EV rollout in the UK – How can we better
inform environmental and climate policy?. 2020).. Additionally, the particular research article
this have been determined that electric vehicles plays essential effect across the system of energy
that also assists in minimizing adverse affect of harmful gases on atmosphere. This have been
evaluated from particular article which the government of UK as part of its strategy is enhancing
the usages of electric cars for tackling the climate changes as well as doing improvement into its
air qualities into major cities, wherein they are inspiring larger scale electric cars roll out with
government is anticipating for having various cars as well as vehicles would be electric through
the year 2050. In addition to this, the respective article also describes that it is vital to have a
charging scheme with high network investments as well as much costly electricity production
may cause high energy for developing final customers that would not only affects on charging
electric vehicles cost but also enhances the burden on low revenues level of person. for instances,
this is crucial for designing the energy tariff and electric vehicles norms for assuring that all
person have affordable balance cost that would essentially assists into overall economy. The
academic paper also concentrates on valuable insights upon network system and energy cost
implications on electric vehicles with it the usages of Computable General Equilibrium (CGE)
framework is also being utilised for having insight of benefits of huge scale rollout of e-
vehicles.
Comparison between academic papers
The environmental and financial implications of expanding the use of electric cars - A Case study of
Scotland.
5

Present examination paper diagram the ecological separates monetary ramifications of
growing the utilization of electric cars. In this contextual investigation examination of Scotland
is being attempted. Besides, it has been underlined that separate examination paper explore the
development of electric vehicles and states that the expense to influence an electric vehicle is a
lot less expensive when contrasted with petroleum and diesel vehicles. Main reason to direct this
exploration is to assess the effect of electric vehicles to conduct. This research folklore is as a
rule fundamentally partitioned into three sections which is fossil fuel by-products, energy interest
and cost. Literature survey in this examination paper gave data about the degree at which power
is created in Scotland on yearly premise and how much is the interest in a year. In expansion to
this exploration audit additionally gave valuable data about the degree at which fossil fuel
diesel and petroleum vehicle produce. Author of this examination paper pronounce that there is
no irreconcilable circumstances and states that for long haul electric vehicles would not just set
aside cash of clients be able to yet additionally have a positive effect upon the environment. It is
likewise an eco cordial source which will altogether help in contributing towards better general
ailment.
Analysing the impacts of a large-scale EV rollout in the UK – How can we better inform environmental
and climate policy?
In comparison to the above research paper, it has been determined or analysed that the affect
of huge scale electric vehicle rollout within UK. Moreover, the study also determines the impact
in relation to fuel utilisation, CO2 emission, cost of energy and network investments as well as
the ways wherein several electric vehicles tactics aids to mitigate the challenges which have been
caused through petrol and diesel vehicles. Additionally, this particular methodology which has
been considered for performing this particular article describes that United Kingdom’s
government is being consider various forms of strategies for enhancing the usages of e- vehicles
with assistance of large scale e-vehicle rollout. For instance, the United Kingdom Times
(UKTM) system of energy framework for testing the affects of various EV charging tactics in
relation to higher electric penetrations. Along with this, the another essential information for
evaluation, that includes the demand of future car projections within United Kingdom (involving
private passenger travel into vehicles and cars, but not undertaking buses or heavy effective
vehicles), the anticipated electric penetration explanations as well as parameters which
categorised EVs into model. However, this have been analysed that the authors declares that it
6

has not any known competing monetary interests or personal relations which might have
appeared for influencing the work reported into this paper.
CONCLUSION
Based upon the above report, it has been concluded that the analysis of academic research
article upon electric cars uses within UK. There is an enhancement into level of pollution as well
as harmful gasses emission which forms basically because of diesel and petrol vehicles. For
instance, there is vital maximisation into electric cars uses within UK that has been determined
from chosen articles. Electric vehicle is comprehensive of various advantages upon conventional
diesel or petrol cars. Moreover, the cost that is needed for maintaining e-vehicles is lesser than
cost of using petrol cars or for same sized vehicles. Additionally, this has been represented that
e- vehicles are much cheaper and cost effective as well as maintain for registering the plus there
are various continuous discounts that are being facilitated through government of UK upon
registration of e-vehicles. This has been determined that there is huge maximisation into air
pollution, noise pollution and other kinds of pollution because of diesel and petrol vehicles. In
addition to this, the, the particular report is performed upon uses of electric cars within UK.
Additionally, the initial research articles describes that from last some years there is
enhancement into vehicles numbers that cause greenhouse gases development because of traffic.
within it, for mitigating the challenge engineer and scientists or work regularly to do
improvement into any conventional vehicles for maximising performance of utilising lesser
fuels. Apart from this, the electric vehicles also prove to become effectual option that crucially
explore into UK’ region. Also, both of the chosen articles described that e-vehicles is an
effectual option that have affirmative impacts on environment, economy and energy system.
7

REFERENCES
Books & Journals
Chakrabarti, A., Proeglhoef, R., Turu, G.B., Lambert, R., Mariaud, A., Acha, S., Markides, C.N.
and Shah, N., 2019. Optimisation and analysis of system integration between electric
vehicles and UK decentralised energy schemes. Energy, 176, pp.805-815.
Crozier, C., Morstyn, T. and McCulloch, M., 2020. The opportunity for smart charging to
mitigate the impact of electric vehicles on transmission and distribution systems. Applied
Energy, 268, p.114973.
Danielis, R., Rotaris, L., Giansoldati, M. and Scorrano, M., 2020. Drivers’ preferences for
electric cars in Italy. Evidence from a country with limited but growing electric car
uptake. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 137, pp.79-94.
Habich-Sobiegalla, S., Kostka, G. and Anzinger, N., 2019. Citizens’ electric vehicle purchase
intentions in China: An analysis of micro-level and macro-level factors. Transport
Policy, 79, pp.223-233.
Holmberg, K. and Erdemir, A., 2019. The impact of tribology on energy use and CO2 emission
globally and in combustion engine and electric cars. Tribology International, 135,
pp.389-396.
Horn, M., MacLeod, J., Liu, M., Webb, J. and Motta, N., 2019. Supercapacitors: A new source
of power for electric cars?. Economic Analysis and Policy, 61, pp.93-103.
Jones, S.J., 2019. If electric cars are the answer, what was the question?. British medical
bulletin, 129(1), pp.13-23.
Patt, A., Aplyn, D., Weyrich, P. and van Vliet, O., 2019. Availability of private charging
infrastructure influences readiness to buy electric cars. Transportation Research Part A:
Policy and Practice, 125, pp.1-7.
Rajper, S.Z. and Albrecht, J., 2020. Prospects of electric vehicles in the developing countries: a
literature review. Sustainability, 12(5), p.1906.
Reinhardt, R., Christodoulou, I., Gassó-Domingo, S. and García, B.A., 2019. Towards
sustainable business models for electric vehicle battery second use: A critical
review. Journal of environmental management, 245, pp.432-446.
Scorrano, M., Danielis, R. and Giansoldati, M., 2020. Dissecting the total cost of ownership of
fully electric cars in Italy: The impact of annual distance travelled, home charging and
urban driving. Research in Transportation Economics, 80, p.100799.
Yan, Q., Qin, G., Zhang, M. and Xiao, B., 2019. Research on Real Purchasing Behavior Analysis
of Electric Cars in Beijing Based on Structural Equation Modeling and Multinomial Logit
Model. Sustainability, 11(20), p.5870.
Online
The environmental and financial implications of expanding the use of electric cars - A Case
study of Scotland. 2021. [Online]. Available
throughhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666123320300799
Analysing the impacts of a large-scale EV rollout in the UK – How can we better inform
environmental and climate policy?. 2020. Available
throughhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211467X2030050X
8