Understanding Infant Attachment and Sociability: Theories and Analysis

This assignment aims to provide an understanding of infant attachment and sociability through theories and analysis. It discusses the stages of socialization and contrasting theories. The essays focus on the importance of infant-mother attachment and its influence on subsequent personalities. The attachment theory is explained through the works of Peggy Emerson, Rudolph Schaffer, Harlow, Rueping, and Mason. The methods used in attachment research are also described. The purpose of attachment bond and sociability is discussed. The stages of socialization, including the oral stage, anal epic, Oedipal phase, and adolescence, are outlined. The contrasting theories of socialization are evaluated.

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Task 1
The aim of this assignment is to gain understanding based on theories and compression of the
development attachment as well as the sociability of the infants. The definition of the word
attachment is the stage of life which is marked with the contemporary theory of strong feelings
towards the infants. With reference to Wong et al 2009, p.301. Parental beliefs, infant
temperament, and marital quality: Associations with infant-mother, a hypothesis on the beliefs of
the origins, deduced the importance of the infant-mother attachment. He also outlined some of
the key series of subsequent personalities. Similarly, most of the attachment has links on the
various ranges on the socialization predicaments in both childhood and adulthood. The essays
aim at illustrating important questions of learning theory. This will generally be established on
the analysis of possible doubts and thoughts in the questionnaires fields. Similarly, it will join
possible sources to bridge the gap in the implementation of each approach. The initials focus of
essays rekindles some of the issues in the socialization appraisals interest on the child parents'
attachment. The appraisal will have an influence on the decisive impacts on the socialization
procedures. The sidebar of the sector of considerable attachment relied on the cognitions views
socialization (Gollenber et al., 2013, p.05). The essays will also illustrate some emphasis
drawback of the accounting for the immediate as well as the stability of the behaviour within the
individuals.
Task 2
What portrayed in Peggy Emerson and Rudolph Schaffer?

The attachment tends to explain some of the inner emotion bonds that one likely to face in some
of the difficult moments. The affection is normally characterized by some of the specific
behaviours in the proximity to the bond of which relates the child and the parents.
However, according to Peggy and Rudolph, they clarified how the attachment also affects the
parent-child attitudes thus influences subsequent development within the set-up.
Game on attachment sociability of infant and children.
More relatively to the infants, many hypotheses tend to explain the development of the social and
emotional approaches to the children when they are young. According to Harlow, Rueping, and
Mason, 1960, p.34. Performance of infant rhesus monkeys on discrimination learning delayed
response, and discrimination learning set relationship of the child and the mother is suggested to
be high when the child is at a tender age. As it is illustrated, on the eve of the infancy, healthy
social growth is mostly about creating attachment caregivers. The summarization of the widely
related topic, it quite clear to make the game plan of the research to have the title as the mothers
care support to the young ones. With reference to Follan and Minnis, 2010, p.45. Forty‐four
juvenile thieves revisited: from Bowlby to reactive attachment disorder illustrated that majority
of the hypothesis that suggested plan game tends to give a clear insight of infants and the
children core priority of support (Wong et al., 2009. p.234).
Based on Harlow and Zimmerman, deduce the validity of the hypothesis of the birth rate?
Harlow was a scientist. He opts to reduce the mortality rate of the monkey thus he quarantines
one for the experimental purpose. Being he was the fun of the monkey, he decided to a rare one
where he was observing some of the characters based on what monkey-like. To his surprise, he

noticed that the monkey like foster bottle which resemble the mother. He realized that monkey
like holding things thus he decided to feet it through the snap of the bottle.
Illustration which can be drawn from the Zimmerman and Harlow hypothesis?
This attachment of the monkey, reminded him of the fondness of the child and the blanket toy as
well as some of the user objects when they are young. To test the monkey ability to feed while
see the biological mother, Harlow realized that surrogate as well as availing monkey mother
where the rear one was, he later observed that the reared monkey takes most its time with cloth
mother and paid less attention to the biological mother being it has been used by the cloth mother
than biological (Tafuri, 2017.p.45).
Primary socialization is characterized by simple techniques that enable the child to acquire
basic behavioural approaches to life and the child likely to differentiate the between the extended
family as well as the family (Lewis, 2013.p.456).
Secondary socialization is defined by daily demand. Here the child is perceived to have the best
knowledge of simple challengeable issue on verge of the survival and the child is in an
opposition to distinguished friends, teachers as well as the peers. (Korja, Latva and Lehtonen,
2012).
What constituted by the Lorenzo hypothesis in line with imprinting geese? This hypothesis
illustrates how attachment is innate and the programmed genetically. He decided to experiment
his thoughts by taking a large clutch of goose eggs and wait for them to hutch, however, some of
the eggs were kept under the mother, later after they were hatched, Lorenzo learnt that naturally
eggs hatched eggs followed their mother while the scientific ones followed him.

How does Lorenzo make it clear based on his argument concerning imprinting geese? To
make his hypothesis clear, he put all the gosling together under an upside-down box and allowed
them to mix. However, when the boxed removed the two decided to follow their respective
mother, that is the half to Lorenzo and the others one to
What is entailed in the Ainsworth and Bell (`1997) on his method with the strange situation ?
Generally, Ainsworth by her aids simple elements of the structured observation on the
attachment where she deduced some of the techniques based on the quality attachment, that’s she
illustrates some of the eight predetermined stages that compose of the mother having some of the
tricks for the child in order to play with the toy inside the room and returns later to observe the
child mood (Fallen, &McInnis, 2010, p.564).
Illustration attachment of the Ainsworth and Bell (`1997) on his method with a strange
situation
Hypothesis of the mother identification of the attachment research was highly operationalized,
here observers had a clear view of how the child react to the mother when she disappeared and
abruptly comes back. Due to the four specific criteria that Ainsworth used the research that has
got some high reliability thus replication can be observed in all the aspects when they are alone
(Li et al., 2013.p.567)
Illustrations of Bowlby (1944) his method on the 44 juvenile thieves?
The argument of the Bowlby based on the correlation of the between the maternal deprivation in
the infancy and the adolescent (Assa, Quado &, Inc., 2011.p.67).
What does Bowlby (1944) his method on the 44 juvenile thieves successfully achieved?

In his findings, he deduced that fourteen thieves were categorically classified as the affectionless
as compared to the control group. Since seventeen were separated from their mothers for more
than six months, thus there was a difference between the one who had experienced such
separation in the control of the group (Wan & Green, 2009).
How the learning theory is affected by time?
There is a radical change in the phase of the learning system due to several factors which
hampered the system of the way of learning. The influenced is of the adoption of the different
methods and way learning is based on the daily discoveries aiming at influencing the way of the
learning approach.
Descriptions of the methods used in the attachment research.
Attachment theory has been so useful in the creation of the research in the mid of the late
century. These essays basically outlined key problems associated with infants’ attachment as it
depicts different topic of the discussions grounded on the research, clinical as well as the policy
interventions. This methods of attachment research give attention to the cognitive as well as
some of the physiological mechanism of the attachment experience functioning. It also gives
some of the insights of little links between the attachment on psychopathology and the culture.
The essays literally end with illustrations of the definition of the public policy applied method on
the research which could minimize the occurrence of the attachment in the mid of the infancy
and beyond. The main objective is to motivate the researchers to stay on the research and get to
know some of the new ideas in the field (Wong et al., 2009.p.234). It also gives room for
questions generation thus the development of hypothesis in the attachment.
Task 3.

Definition of the attachments bond. Attachment is defined as having a strong emotional
relationship which an infant creates with the caregiver as the social improvement.
Illustration of the attachment bond of an infant between (0-3 years) based on the Doland and
Milner.
Generally, the attachment is based on the foster mother and the infants. It illustrates that the child
will form strong bond to where she or he get the support. It outlines some of the possibilities the
child form as the response to what they need which includes crying, smiling to suggest what they
need a respective time.
Illustration of the attachment bond of an infant between (0-3 years) based on the Bowlby’s
evolution theory.
Bowlby illustrate that, infants come into the world with psychologically prepared to unite with
others especially to helpers. Since these will help them to survive. With reference to Bowlby
hypothesis the infant creates innate attitude such as crying and smiling which alert the caregiver
from the adult. According to the Bowlby it is not only food which attached the infant to the
caregiver but care and responsibility. He further articulate that, the relationship of the
attachments act as prototype for all future social relationship thus distorting have some servers
consequences.
Most convincing theory
With reference to the hypothesis of Doland and Milner, it easier to know the biological
approached which is centered on the approached of the foster and the infants. Generally, it is true
say that the child will form strong bond to where she or he get the support. It outlines some of

the possibilities the child form as the response to what they need which includes crying, smiling
to suggest what they need a respective time (Cooper et al., 2009, p.23).
Issues which may be realized if the hypothesis of the Bowlby attachment theory is used.
The theory does not provide extend at which the children are preformed to cement there
caregiver. This may conflict the thought of the learners who may have need to know about extent
of the caregiver tender love and support.
The purpose of the attachment bond.
The attachment connection is the emotional bond created by the nature of the communication
between infants and their initial supporters. as it is indicated earlier in the report, it clearly
illustrated that the form of the communication influence how the child develops his or mentality,
appearances as well as the presentation in the public. Notably, a secure attachment enables the
child to create his or her emotions in some of the demanding situations that controls themselves
at a hard time in life. Based on the subject of the matter, attachment vividly outlines some of the
guidelines aperture of life as well as options needed in the daily situations. more importantly, it
worth noted that, insecure attachment bonds drastically failed the child in securing security,
understanding, calm and the orientation of the brain in the daily activities (Meins et al 2012,
p.079).
(Cooper et al., 2009, p.23).
Sociability. With reference to the attachment, it is the acts of being sociable.
Stages of the socialization of the infants and the children.

Socialization is a steady process of learning. A young child is not taught all the things about
social life at once.
Stages of the socialization.
The Oral Stage
This is the initial stage of the learning process of the child. It starts with giving birth to the child
then the latter continues up to the completion of one year. It impacts the logic state of the child in
the womb where it vividly described it as a comforting zone of the child.
The Anal epic.
This stage marked the end of stage one. It begins soon after the child has completed one year . It
is at this stage where the child starts to learn some of the basic concepts of depending alone
when going for short nature calls. Here child learn from the mothers on how to handle
themselves
The Oedipal phase.
This is the third phase of child development. It characterized at the age of the three. It here that
the child becomes a member of the family and is involved in various activities. The learn most of
their sexes traits at this age since it prolonged to at the age of the twelve years.
The phase of Adolescence:
At this stage of life, it is a period where the child learns to and understands the adolescent
physiological approach. They are taught here to handle themselves especially ladies how to take
of themselves in their daily interaction (Meins et al 2012, p.079). Generally, this stage boys and

girls become free from parental confinement but they cannot simply escape from parental
advises thus greatly relied on their parents for support.
Evaluations of the contrasting theories of the socialization with reference to different
socialization. Socialization refers to us as treating people with respects and in a different way
based on their beliefs as per the role they hold in society. Therefore, there is a maximum
standard role set or required by the individuals to set in society (Brown et al., 2010.p.345).
However, secondary aspects give discretion on the socialization of the behaviours in the public
and at home. These impacts varieties of the skills which are needed by individuals in mid of the
interactions. The respective socializations aim at providing a knowledgeable idea on the different
culture towards the society (Ohoka et al.2014.p.34). This clearly outlines the simple model's
illustration of the mother bond which is the core issues in the development of the attachment. In
the simple model of the early motherly attachment impacts great deals in the bond between the
mother and the child (Lamb et al., 2013, p.45). Numerous bodies have come up with a different
mechanism to reduce the far wide scope of the interaction between the child and the mother
(Bergman et al., 2010, p.234).
Critical evaluation of the research of the maternal deprivation hypothesis.
Furthermore, based on the john Bowlby hypothesis of the attachment, he deduced that the
breakup of the child and the mother at early age likely to affects them intellectually, emotionally,
which may result to be serious thing in the future if they mature. According to the Bowlby, both
the infant and mother should have a warm relationship which may make the child to grow up
mature with strong emotions and good feelings. The aim experiment of the Bowlby is to examine
the maternal deprivation in the adolescent delinquency of the 44 juvenile thieves.

Bowlby, used simple method to know 44 juvenile thieves, here 44 thieves attended the clinic of
the of the guidance and counselling session in which through fear of the adolescent they did not
managed to steal the child in the hospital.
Result shown that approximately seventeen percent were classified as affectionless and were
compared with non-control group. He illustrated how the thieves had been separated from their
mother for a maximum period of six month before they attained age of the 5 as compared to the
one who had got experience especially the control group.
In conclusion, Bowlby deduced that there is a correlation which exist between the maternal
deprivation infancy and subsequent criminal behavior in the adolescent which was witness in his
experiment (Meins et al 2012, p.079).
Evaluation of the of the Bowlby experiments.
The positive approached based on the experiment suggests that there is a link between the
maternal deprivation and the adolescent act of behavior which suggestion the field study.
However, contrary to the experiment, it relies on the recollection of the individuals which may
the count unreliable in most cases. Additionally, it does not gives some biological probabilities
which can result to ascertain behavior.
Contrary Evaluation of the of the Bowlby experiments was highly criticized by the Rutter,
Goldfarb and Skeels as they suggest that the Bowlby gave much attention deprivation. The
groups did not developed much as the others. They had lower knowledge language skills on the
social norms. The main difference was the presence of the mother figure during the infancy.
However, amongst them Goldfarb also seemed to have got divergent opinion based on the rest
and his explanation almost as the same as one of the Bowlby (Cooper et al., 2009, p.23). They

suggest that the children raised in the nursery are due to lack of the correct relationship to form
attachment with infants. This may also due to the failure of the children to form the bond with
fosters thus find themselves in the nurseries (Meins et al 2012, p.079).
The conclusion reached on the attachment researched.
Generally, based on the competing hypothesis that is one of the Doland and Milner which was
center on the foster mother give simple insight recap of the adaption the child tend to deployed
especially when they are young.as it opposed by the Bowlby theory which deduced that a child
are pre-informed before they are given birth. The theory of the Bowlby scientifically wrong since
the child is given birth to when they don’t know anything thus it is wrong to deduced that are
already know what is ahead before them. Bowlby illustrate that, infants come into the world with
psychologically prepared to unite with others especially to helpers. Since these will help them to
survive (Finger et al., 2009, p.321). With reference to Bowlby hypothesis the infant creates
innate attitude such as crying.
This is generally based on the analysis of some possible doubts and thoughts in questionnaires
fields.

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