Integration of Information Communication and Technology (ICT) - Assignment

ELECTRONIC MEDICAL RECORDS
SYSTEM FIT FOR NIGERIAN
HOSPITAL
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DECLARATION.
This dissertationis my own original work and has not been submitted anywhere, in fulfilment
of the requirements of this or any other award. Any passages taken from my own previous
work or other people’s work have been quoted and acknowledged by clear referencing to
author, source and page(s). Any non-original illustrations are also referenced. I understand
that failure to do this amounts to plagiarism and will be considered grounds for failure in this
dissertation and the degree as a whole.
Signature:
Name
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ABSTRACT.
Integration of Information Communication and Technology (ICT) will assist the
healthcare global requirement to replace the traditional methods of Paper-based
information system in hospital across the states of Nigeria. This is considered as
one of the main elements in transforming the country to future development when it
comes to Nigerian Medical system.An electronic Medical record (EMR) are
progressively positioning the healthcare sector to right path, this will ease the
problems and limitations of paper-based approach in all sections of Nigerian
Healthcare.This level of operation has presented a lot of challenges such as;
insufficient physical space for entry of patient details if it involves higher level of
patients’ registration, the storage of this physical filling present serious task and
cause for concern about physical documentation.In this project, an electronic
medical record System Architecture will be design and implemented for recording
of patientinformation, retrieving, archiving and keeping of up to dateinformation of
patients and other medical records. I will be using this research to create an
interface, linked with appropriate database, the architecture will act as the
incorporated Data Bank for all collaborating department, the middleware delivers a
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common podium for all the EMR systems with an authenticated server that will
grant access to authorised users and denied access to any malicious or unauthorised
users that accessed the system.
Keywords: Electronic Medical records, Nigeria, System architecture, Implementation,
Convectional Paper-based, ICT integration, Technology effectiveness, Information infrastructure
(II), Actor Network theory (ANT).
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.
My eternal gratitude to God almighty for His faithfulnessand grace over this Project
and my sincere gratitude to my supervisorsfor their support and inspiration she has
contributions to this project and my heartfelt gratitude to my Course Director at
London South Bank University for his encouragement, guidance and assistance
during this project finding and development.I will also express my appreciation
toand all those that offered their time toward my carrier development, you have
been extremely helpful throughout my academic pursuit. I am deeply grateful to
London South Bank University for the opportunity accorded to myself and equally
to all the participant who contributed to this study with their views, without them
this project wouldn’t have been possible. To conclude with my profound
appreciation to my family and friends whose support and encouragement made this
a realistic goal.
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LIST OF FIGURES.
Figure.1: The Paper-based system to electronic medical record system........................................Page 17
Figure.2: The Patient journey through Hospital visit...............................................................Page
20
Figure.3: Damaged paper-based record system......................................................................................Page
25
Figure.4: Percentages of Actors on EMR Acceptance ...........................................................Page
29
Figure.5: Use Case diagram for Patient information.............................................................Page
40
Figure.6. The use casediagram patient activities..........................................................................Page
42
Figure.7: The use case diagram for Administrator............................................................... Page
44
Figure.8: State chart Diagram for (PATIENT)..................................................................Page 46
Figure.9: Entity Relationship chart..............................................................................................Page
48
Figure.10: State Chart Diagram (Patient)..........................................................................Page
49
Figure.11: Stateschart Diagram for Administrator. .............................................................Page
49
Figure.12: The administrative login access screen............................................................ Page 50
Figure.13: Login Interface for the administrator.............................................................. Page 51
Figure.14: Login Access Interface for an Authorized Administrator........................................... Page 51
Figure.15: Unauthorized User Access Denied................................................................. Page 52
Figure.16: The interface shows the list of existing patient names.........................................................Page 53
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Figure.17: Doctor login to system..........................................................................................................Page
54
Figure.18: Patient login interface...........................................................................................................Page 55
Figure.19: Staff login interface...............................................................................................................Page
56
Figure.20: The Logout interface............................................................................................................ Page
57
Figure.21: Patient appointment interface...............................................................................................Page 57
Figure.22: Caspio interface....................................................................................................................Page 63
Figure.23: Zoho interface......................................................................................................................Page
55
Figure.23: Ninox interface......................................................................................................................Page
55
Figure.22: suggested solution to overcome the implementation of EMR challenges............................Page
74
Figure.25: The Questionnaire & Survey.................................................................................................Page
88
LIST OF TABLES.
Table.1. Table of Abbreviation....................................................................................Page 7
Table.2. The Qualitative benefits.................................................................................Page 24
Table.3. The internal stakeholders table......................................................................... Page
27
Table.4. The Use Case Diagram table............................................................................
Page40
Table.5. The Use Case Diagram table for Patient & Doctor................................................... Page
43
Table.6. The use case Diagram table for Administrator....................................................... Page
45
Table.7. The Database compares table........................................................................... Page
61
Table.8. Features and pricing table for software companies.................................................. Page
68
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS:
ANT Actor-Network Theory
CBHI Community Based Health Insurance
CDSS Clinical Decision Support System
CISCO Computer Information System Company
CMR Computerized Medical Record
EHIMS Electronic Health Information Management System
EHR Electronic Health Record
EPR Electronic Medical Record
FMoH Federal Ministry of Health
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GDP Gross Domestic Product
HIT Health Information Technology
ICT Information and Communication Technology
II Information Infrastructure
IOM Institute of Medicine
IS Information Systems
IT Information Technology
LGA Local Government Area
NHIS National Health Insurance Scheme
NSHDP National Strategic Health Development Plan
OAUTHC Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital
PCIS Patient Care Information System
PHC Primary Health Care
PHI Private Health Insurance
SHONET State Hospital Network
SMoH State Ministry of Health
UPS Uninterrupted Power Supply
WHO World Health Organization
TABLE OF CONTENT.
Declaration....................................................................................................... I
Abstract.......................................................................................................... ii
Acknowledgements............................................................................................ iii
List of Figure................................................................................................... iv
List of Tables ....................................................................................................v
Glossary of Abbreviation.....................................................................................vi
CHAPTER.1
.
1.1. BACKGROUND OF STUDY:.....................................................................9
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