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Modern Computing Architecture - Assignment

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Added on  2020-03-23

Modern Computing Architecture - Assignment

   Added on 2020-03-23

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Week 1The text discusses the elements of modern computing architecture however is largely silenton the individuals who played a role in its development. Find and summarise a resource thatdescribes ONE such individual. The individual should have had a significant influence on thedevelopment of computers and/or components of modern computing architecture.TitleandReference:Contribution sand Work done by David PattersonComputerhistory (2017). David Patterson | Computer History Museum. [online]Computerhistory.org. Available at: http://www.computerhistory.org/fellowawards/hall/david-patterson/ [Accessed 22 Sep. 2017].Summary:The resource that is selected is an online article that lists out the contributions,qualifications, skills and achievements of a computer architect named DavidPatterson. Many of the concepts that are used and applied in the modern computingarchitecture were provided by David that makes him an extremely significant entity inthe same field. He completed his graduation from UCLA in the year 1976 and iscurrently working as a Professor in the California University in the department ofComputer Science and Technology. David carried out a lot many research anddevelopment processes and came up with two extremely important discoveries withthe concepts of Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks which is normally abbreviatedas RAID and Reduced Instruction Set Computers which is commonly known asRISC. RISC and RAID are used in the modern computing architecture whichdescribes the use of instruction sets and the application of the virtualizationtechnology. These concepts have made it possible to easily arrange the data sets inthe present day architecture and have also strengthened the integration and flow ofinformation and instructions. David has been rewarded with 35 awards andrecognition for all the work that he has done in the fields of research and teaching.He has also been a part of around 7 books in which he has co-authored andprovided his ideas. His research works have provided the other researches with aviewpoint and clarity on the concepts of modern architecture and the articlebeautifully captures his contribution in a brief manner.Week 2The text discusses the components and activities of operating systems however is largelysilent on the individuals who played a role in their development. Find and summarise aresource that describes ONE such individual. The individual should have had a significantinfluence on the writing or development of operating systems.TitleandReference:Contribution sand Work done by Bill GatesEconomictimes (2008). The long and successful journey of Bill Gates. [online] TheEconomic Times. Available at: http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/microsoft-says-yahoo/the-long-and-successful-journey-of-bill-gates/articleshow/3170834.cms[Accessed 22 Sep. 2017].Summary:Operating systems are the software packages that act as an interface between theusers and the computer hardware. Many of the desktop and mobile operatingsystems have been created for this purpose. One such widely used and one of themost popular one in this list is Windows Operating System (OS). It was in the year1985 that a software company called Microsoft released the initial version ofWindows OS. It was a disruptive innovation and the face behind the release of thisOS was Bill Gates. Windows OS continues to be on the top charts till date and has1
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provided the users with enhanced capabilities with all of its nine versions. Bill co-founded Microsoft and remained associated with the organization till the year 2000.During his journey with Microsoft, he worked in different roles with chief solutionarchitect and CEO being the most prominent ones. He gave a new vision andperspective to the company and contributed a lot in the field of technology andsoftware. The first project that he worked on in the organization was the BASICinterpreter which was being done for the creation of a floppy disk system. He thenworked along with another company called IBM to work on the Windows OS whichwas released in 1985. He continued to inspire the staff members with the dedicationtowards creating something better each day. The article that is referred sums up allhis work in a concise manner along with the achievements and the success that heachieved.Week 3The Internet didn’t just appear – it was an evolution from earlier networks. Find andsummarise a resource that describes ONE of the networks that led to the development of themodern Internet. TitleandReference:Network before Internet - ARPANETTheconversation (2016). How the Internet was born: from the ARPANET to theInternet. [online] The Conversation. Available at: http://theconversation.com/how-the-internet-was-born-from-the-arpanet-to-the-internet-68072 [Accessed 22 Sep. 2017].Summary:Internet is being used in every business sector and the users for personal as well asprofessional activities. The launch of Internet was contributed with many othernetworks that were set up prior to the same. Advanced Research Project AgencyNetwork (ARPANET) is one of the most prominent ones in the list that involved theconcept of packet switching and had an immense contribution in the launch ofInternet. There were two main bodies that were involved in the release and setup ofARPANET Information Processing Techniques Office (IPTO) and Defense /Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA). The routers that were used in thisnetwork were developed by a company called BBN technologies. All of these unitscame together to create ARPANET which was released on August 30, 1969. It madeuse of Interface Message Processor (IMP) and was basically used for informationsharing and communication with the aid of digital components. Many of the protocolsthat are currently used in the functioning of the Internet were also developed duringthe ARPANET project. Some of the extremely useful ones include File TransferProtocol (FTP) and Telnet. These are used for sharing and transfer of files from onemachine to the other. ARPANET is a network that is considered as a base for theInternet and therefore has a lot of significance in the field of communication andnetworks. The article also describes the complete timeline of the project and the setof activities that were covered in a brief and clear manner.Week 4Ethernet is an example of a Layer Two (L2) data link protocol that is discussed in the text.Find and summarise a resource that describes the features and uses of ONE other L2protocol that is not discussed in the text (i.e. NOT Ethernet).Title and Reference:2
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L-2 Protocol: Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)Erg (2017). Address Resolution Protocol (arp). [online] Erg.abdn.ac.uk. Available at:http://www.erg.abdn.ac.uk/users/gorry/course/inet-pages/arp.html [Accessed 22 Sep.2017].Summary:Layer two makes use of many different protocols to make sure that communicationand networking processes are done correctly. Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) isan example of one such protocol that works one L-2 and acts as a base for theworking of Wi-Fi connections and modern Ethernet. In order for a system or a mobiledevice to be connected with a network, there is a unique address that is used byevery machine which is known as Media Access Control or the MAC address. Themessage sharing and their delivery are possible only with the aid of the MACaddress. The process of networking and connections is done through MAC address.Also, the mapping between the IP address and MAC address is established usingAPR cache. In the scenario if this match is not found or is found invalid, then arequest is sent in the form of an ARP request to which ARP reply is obtained. Thisreply provides the required permission for updating the cache and to continue withthe message delivery. There are also options which can be used for theenhancement of network efficiency. There are also variations that have beendeveloped in association with this protocol with the setting up of inverse and reverseARP. In the article that has been used as a reference, there is a complete detailabout the ARP protocol and its functioning covered. Also, the information around thevariations and other instances has also been highlighted in the article.Week 5The text mentions the role of hackers in attacks on networked infrastructure. Find andsummarise a resource that describes ONE famous or well-known hacker.TitleandReference:Famous Hacker: Kevin MitnickMitnicksecurity (2017). Kevin Mitnick - The World's Most Famous Hacker. [online]Mitnicksecurity.com. Available at: https://www.mitnicksecurity.com/about/kevin-mitnick-worlds-most-famous-hacker-biography [Accessed 22 Sep. 2017].Summary:Hacking refers to the process in which the system or application security is breachedand the viable properties and the contents of the same are played with. Theproperties of the information may get affected negatively through hacking servicesand jobs. There are many hackers that have executed high-profile hack jobs and onesuch name is of Kevin Mitnick. The United States Department of Justice has put himin the category of the most-wanted computer criminals and these credits are becauseof the list of hacking services that he has executed so far. Some of the cyber crimesand hacking activities performed by Kevin have had sever implications on thevictims. Many of the popular and reputed organizations have also become the victimsof the crimes done by Kevin which include big names like Nokia and Motorola alongwith many years. FBI arrested Kevin in 1995 and he had to serve five years in jail asa punishment. He did not consider his attempts as crime because he believed themto be the social engineering activities. He currently owns and works in a consultingagency in the area of computer related services. He was released for the prison onthe terms of his good behaviour and cordial attitude with the rest of the prisoners. In3
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