Leadership Styles and Organizational Performance

The assignment requires a detailed analysis of 11 academic papers published between 2018 and 2019. These papers cover topics such as leadership models, combined leadership styles, innovative behavior, project manager leadership, psychological contracts, proactive personality, and cultural diversity in leadership. The student is expected to provide a summary of each paper, highlighting the key findings and contributions to the field of educational research.

Emergent Leadership Skills for
the Workplace

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY ..................................................................................................................................3
1.Demonstrated concept and importance and critically evaluating your personal ability to fulfil
key responsibilities of the leadership role within the context of established leadership styles.. .3
2. Critical evaluation the strengths and limitations of appropriate models and theories of
leadership in organisational contexts...........................................................................................6
3. Critically evaluation on white-bread annual report 2018. compare and contrast the
leadership styles and approaches CEO of white-bread. ..............................................................9
Compare and contrast the leadership styles and approaches.....................................................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................14
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................15

INTRODUCTION
Emergent leadership defined as style in which individual person taking the responsibility
and volunteers the task. Therefore, emergent leader is not appointed or elected to leadership role
but also develops times as result of group interaction. Henceforth, there are number of companies
who are focussing over the new style of leader to enhance the value of the enterprise.
Additionally, it can be stated that emergent leadership occurs at time when other perceive
someone as the most influential among the group. Thus, leader acquires the roles with help of
accepting the leadership direction as desirable and appropriate (Ritonga, M.W.A.N., Ibrahim and
Bahri, 2019). Therefore, skill of this kind of leader are relates to attitudes, goals, behaviour and
typify the organisation. In addition to it, individual acquires emergent leadership with the
acceptance and support of other people in enterprise.
The present report is based on Emergent Leadership Skills for the Curwen Primary
School. The assignment will demonstrate the concept and importance of leadership style.
Furthermore, report will lay focus on critically evaluating the personal ability to fulfil key
responsibilities of the leadership role by identifying strengths and limitations for appropriate
models and theories of leadership in organisational contexts.
Furthermore, report will critically analyse the Whitbread Annual Report 2018. Lastly,
assignment will compare and contrast the leadership styles and approaches of the CEO of
Whitbread and yourself.
MAIN BODY
1.Demonstrated concept and importance and critically evaluating your personal ability to fulfil
key responsibilities of the leadership role within the context of established leadership
styles.
1.1 Concept of leadership style
Emergent leadership is the process that easily influence others by their ability, knowledge
and experience and accomplish an objective and directs the organization in a effective way
(Haojie and Zhi 2019). Thus, a good leadership develop through different activities which is
training, self learning, experience , education etc. Therefore. As per the view of Kodden and
Roelofs, (2019) it is stated that leader inspired and motivate peoples at work place. They have

ability of providing direction, implementing the new and innovative plans, and motivating
people to achieve the overall organizational goal and objective.
1.2 Importance of leadership style
Emergent Leadership style is the important for every organization because this style
helps to find out the someone who as most influential among the group, who easily attracts the
people by the way of knowledge and communication (Trimble, 2019 ). There are some key
points which described the importance of leaders such as -
Providing guidance -
As per the view of Ahlström and Dahl, (2019) it is stated that emergent leadership style is
providing the proper guidance to the people of curwen primary school. They supervise the
people in order to achieve the objective of particular task. They supervise the people and give the
instruction that how to work with subordinates. Therefore, by clear Guidance leader can
motivate the people so they have to perform their work effectively and efficiently.
Motivator -
As per the view of Henkel, Marion Jr and Bourdeau, (2019) it is stated that This leadership
style is motivate the people in order to providing the proper guidance and rewards facility. So,
that helps to motivate the people.
Creating confidence
As per the view of Vaagaasar, Müller and De Paoli, (2019) it is stated that The another
importance of this leadership style is that they enhance the confidence among the people by
analysing and giving the opportunity to people.
Building morale
As per the view of Sims and Carter, (2019) it is stated that The another importance is that
enhance morale, leadership style is morale booster that helps to achieving the objective of the
organization. Thus, by high morale people can perform they task with effectively and high
efficiency as they work to achieve goals.
Builds work environment
As per the view of Endriulaitienė Morkevičiūtė and Jočienė, (2019) it is stated that A good
leaderships style helps to manage the work place environment. Thus, positive work environment
helps to build efficient work environment that aids to maintain the sound and stable growth of
the organization.

1.3 Personal roles and responsibility of leadership role
As per the view of Trimble, J.E., 2019Haojie, L. and Zhi, S., (2019) It is stated that the main
responsibility of leaders is that they develop the team by providing the proper guidance and
training to the people. Thus, leader is responsible for achieving the mission and vision of the
firm they enhance the motivation among the people by influence the people in order to make the
effective product and enhance the profitability of the firm. They are responsible for make the
effective planning and developing and implementing the timeline for their team so they can use
to reach the end goal.
1.4 Personal ability to full fill the key responsibility of leader.
Honest and integrity - As a support assistant I have a ability of Honest and integrity. This is
the most important ability which makes me good leaders. Thus, honesty an integrity succeed the
leader because I follow my rules and values, core beliefs. Thus, without ethics, this will not be
possible. Thus, this ability helps me when I present any ideas to others, so other person easily
influenced and they trusted with my opinion . Thus, this ability helps me that i am responsible
for managing the People.
Inspire others - I have ability to inspire others easily because I am good communicator.
Therefore, this ability makes me a good leader. As a leader, I should think positive and this
positive approach should be visible through my actions. This ability helps me that I am manage my
work calmly and when I am able to work on specific time it inspired others, Thus, if I am able to
inspire others and subordinates. it helps me that I am able to take challenges and reduced the
current and future problem.
Good Communicator – As a support assistant i have ability of communicate easily with others
as I am clearly communicate and share the ideas with my team members to achieve the vision and
mission of the organization. Therefore, high communication skills helps me to become a good
leaders. Thus, I am able to communicate effectively. This skills helps me that I am able to motivate
people and make them do the unthinkable. If I am able to communicate effectively, I can easily
influence the people to reach the end goal and obtaining the better results.
Decision-Making Capabilities - Apart from having a capabilities of multi tasking, as a support
assistant in Curwen Primary School I have the ability to take the right decision at the right time.
Therefore, this ability of making the best judgemental regarding the difficult decision it helps me
to enhance my skills in context of Emergent leadership. I am able to take the decisions that

impacts on my professional career as well as organization future growth. I have ability of think
the long and short term perspective that help me for my career because I am able to take the
responsibility as an leader. on the other side, most of the leaders take decisions on their own, but
this is mandatory that when person take any decision related to the organisation it is highly
recommended that firstly they consult with expertise of the firm. Because they are the backbone
of the organization . So I have also this ability that when I taking any decision related to the
Curwen Primary School. so, firstly I consult with expertise and supervisors that helps me to
better decision.
Time management ability - This is another ability which make me a good leader, I have a
good time management skills. Therefore, I am able to manage the multitask in specific time
because I am able to solve the problem that I have the ability of making the best decision relate
to the organization. As a support assistant in Curwen Primary School I manage all the work on
timely that helps me because I am responsible to manage the group of team and work with
team members by giving the task for the specified period.
Creativity and innovations - This is another capabilities which I have. As a support assistant I
have ability of managing the people also I have ability to think creative and innovative at the
same time. Thus, this ability makes me the best leader because think Creative give me
opportunity that I am able to share my ideas with supervisors and organization. So this ability
makes me a good leader because constant innovation and new ideas creates the positive impact
on others.
2. Critical evaluation the strengths and limitations of appropriate models and theories of
leadership in organisational contexts.
Leadership theories gives the ideas to organization that which types of theories using in
the workplace to managing the people (Haojie and Zhi, 2019). Thus, there are certain importance
of leadership theories that helps to identified the personal catachrestic,and behaviour of the
leaders. Therefore, Leadership theories describe the catachrestic of the leader that means leader
must have characteristics which typically define leaders skills and ability. Some theories
Describe that leader have some qualities and abilities to perform the role of leader (Ritonga,
M.W.A.N., Ibrahim and Bahri, 2019). There are different types of leadership theories such as
Trait Theories, Contingency Theories, Situational Theories, Behavioural Theories etc.

Trait Theories
This Theory also called as Great Man theories, This theory describe and focus on identifying
the different personality and characteristics of person that they have ability of taking the
responsibility as an leader. Thus, traits and characteristics is define the leadership styles that
which type of style person can adopt according to the different situation (Kodden and Roelofs,
2019). Thus, Curwen Primary School can used this theory in the business in order to identify the
particular behaviour. In this theory it describe that the specific traits describe the specific
behaviour of the people and this behaviour of patterns are using in different situation. Therefore,
according to this leadership theory there are different types of traits that leader have in their
style which include different leadership such as - Task competence, Capacity to motivate
people, Trustworthiness, Creativity, Intelligence and action-oriented judgement, Adaptability
and flexibility etc.
Strength s
 I have ability to influence other with my communication skills.
 I have capacity to motivate the people.
 I have the ability to take the right decision at the right time
 I have ability to manage the Group members by honesty and integrity (Sims and Carter,
2019).
weakness
 I am not capable for multitasking
 I am not control my emotions easily
Contingency Theories
This theory focus on particular situation that means this theory describe that leader have ability
to manage their skills according to the particular situation (Ahlström and Dahl, 2019).
Therefore, this theory is suitable for every situation because leader easily adopt the different
situation and use the effective leadership to achieve the objective of overall task. In this theory
it describe that leader change their behaviour according to the different situation . For example,
leader balance the behaviour between needs, and context. Thus, a good leader have ability to
mange the people and understand the people by assessing the needs of their followers and co-

workers. Thus, by identified the actual situation leaders make the decision that which types of
style and behaviour suitable for the particular situation and, then they adjust their behaviours
accordingly. Therefore, this is the best and easy theory because this theory and accept of
leadership is suitable for every situation so many organization used this theory in the business in
order to accomplish the particulate task and activity (Henkel, Marion Jr and Bourdeau, 2019).
Thus, Curwen Primary School can used this theory in the work place in order to implement this
theory in different station that helps to managing all the activity of the organization. In this
theory in every situation that helps to achieve the overall objective of the organization. Success
depends on a number of variables including the leadership style, qualities of the followers and
aspects of the situation
Strength
 I have ability to understand the people by assessing the needs of co-workers.
 I have ability to analyse the different situations and then take the appropriate decision.
Weaknesses
 The way of choosing the leadership is style is makes the difficulties for me because it
creates the Confusion .
Situational Theories - Situational theories described that which types of situation is suitable for
the leaders that means leader use their knowledge and experience in related to the different
situation that helps to make the best decision. The main purpose of this theory it is that leaders
choose the best action based on different situations that helps to reach the end result. leader
taking the decision related to the situational variables and they takes the best course of action
(Vaagaasar, Müller and De Paoli, 2019). According to this theory it described that different
leadership style is suitable for this theory because different styles is more appropriate for
certain types of decision-making. For example, There is situation situation where the leader
have high knowledgeable and experienced about the work so, authoritarian style is the best and
suitable for this situation. In other words, where group members are skilled experts, a democratic
style would be more effective. Thus, Curwen Primary School can used this theory in the work
place in order to solve the difficult problem by using the appropriate leadership style.
Strength

 I have a good time management skills that helps me to find the best solution related to
the different situation.
weakness
 This is the complex theory so I am not able to find that which leadership style is suitable
for the particular situation.
Behavioural Theories
This theory describe Behavioural approach of leaders. Thus, this theory based upon the belief.
Attitudes of the leaders it described that leaders are made, not born. This leadership theory
describe that how people maintain their behaviours in order to achieve the particular task .
Therefore, this leadership theory focuses on the actions of leaders that means the action of leader
is appropriate for the decision or not, and also leader use their knowledge and experience to
work effectively and achieve the organizational goal. this action is not on mental qualities or
internal states (Endriulaitienė Morkevičiūtė and Jočienė, 2019). According to this theory, people
can learn to become leaders through teaching and observation. Thus, Curwen Primary School
can used this theory in the work place in order to identify the specific solution of the problem
and also identify the behaviour of the people for the specific situation.
Strength
 I have ability to distribute the work and responsibilities among the team so that they can
be able to achieve it with the help of relationship and cooperative teamwork
Weakness
 I am not able to identify the appropriate behaviour of the pole so it difficult to analyse
the behaviour of people.
3. Critically evaluation on white-bread annual report 2018. compare and contrast the leadership
styles and approaches CEO of white-bread.
Annual report of White bread, 2018-
Whitbread is situated within the united kingdom and that is leading hospitality company.
Compare and contrast of leadership styles and approaches CEO of white-bread . Therefore, the
main aim of this entity is to provide operational excellence and better care to enhance customer
experience. As per stated in report, the main focus of this enterprise is to look over the delivering

the high standards for customers with the help of looking over the employee engagement. This is
entity that creates job opportunities for the people to reach the potential through training and
coaching.
Form the annual report of Whitbread it has been evaluated that, this organisation has
continued to perform well despite shorter term challenges within industry. In the year 2018, this
entity grew the profitability by 6.1% to £3.3 billion and operating profit by 6.7% to £590 million.
By the disciplined cost management the firm enables us to grow underlying profit before tax that
is by 4.5% to £591 million, with statutory profit before tax up 6.4% to £548 million.
Within the United kingdom, this entity has enhanced the profitability, dividends, cash
flow and return on capital. Therefore, it has been concluded that Whitbread is one of the UK's
largest business operators of hotels, coffee shops and restaurants with some of the UK successful
hospitality brands. In the year, 2016/17 this entity took steps towards to reduction in carbon uses.
For this, they have set an innovative science based carbon target. Henceforth, this target ahas
aligned Whitbread to the global climate of Paris change arrangement that has made at COP 21 in
2015. Therefore, this enterprise has taken constant steps to install water efficient appliances
across the all estate. Due to some changes, growth of the larger floor space in costa drive thru's
has been tracked behind the our set targets. In order to get overcome from it, currently Whitbread
is working with the external partners so that they review that how to protect the water resources
in the operation.
Henceforth, the year 2017/18 has been another year that has invested in team members at
the all levels. This entity work towards to retain and remain motivated the team members. This is
the entity that has focused on the core improvement as-
 To engage the winning teams continued, constant and to listen two way dialogue.
 To provide transparent and fair reward strategies to encourage all team members.
 To creates no limitation to ambition and build diverse teams to assist customer with better
care.
 Enables people with help of new technical advancement so that better working activities
can be carried out.
Compare and contrast the leadership styles and approaches
Leadership style is the manner and approach that aids to provide direction, implementing
plans and motivating people. Therefore, leadership style defines the behavioural patterns that

leader adopts to influence the behavioural of his followers. Thus, better and effective leadership
provides direction to his subordinates and encourage them to accomplish the given objective.
This term plays effective role in having enhancement in growth of an enterprise (Gronn and
Ribbins, 2018).
In addition to this, leadership styles are the behavioural patter that leader adopts this
power to influence the behaviour of the leaders. It is one of the effective term as it provides the
direction to the subordinates and motivates people to accomplish given objective within the
enterprise (Graen, Rowold and Heinitz, 2017).
Therefore, this is defined as process that aids to influence the behaviour of people and
bring out better performance within them. Leader has to choose the most effective and efficient
approach of leadership style on depending on situation. Henceforth, there are number of
leadership style that are defined in following manner as are-
Transaction leadership- It is term that defined as to classify the group of theories of leadership
that inquires the interaction between followers and leaders. Therefore, the style of leadership is
very attractive as it aids to improve job satisfaction under this theory of leadership. They are able
to practice theory as management by exception (Eagly, Johannesen-Schmidt and Van Engen,
2017). Thus, CEO of the Whitbread used this approach as it manage true leadership styles and
also put focus on short term task. In this, the leaders has limited knowledge based or creative
work. It the leadership style that seeks to motivate and inspire workers so that they perform their
best in order to bring out best from the enterprise. Therefore, the transactional leadership style is
one of the most effective techniques as its encouraged people. Henceforth, transactional leaders
evaluate the subordinates in manner that they meet defined requirements and expected results.
This is the leadership that aids to bring out the best within the individual so that effective and
efficient performance can be conducted (Barr and Dowding, 2019).
Autocratic leadership- This is the leadership style in which all decision making power are
centralised in the leaders. It is defined as an extreme form of the transactional leadership in
which leaders exerts the high level of power over the employees and team members. Henceforth,
I have used this approach at time of tackle some situation that needed urgent course of action. It
is the style that uses by me at time of dealing with daily routine task at which the advantage of
control outweigh the disadvantage. So, this is considered effective at time when decision are
needed to be taken equally. I have understood one limitation of this leadership style is that is

often leads to have high level of absenteeism and staff turnover. On the other hand, team output
does not benefit from the experience and creativity of the all team members. I have analysed that
this is the leadership style that gives high level of power over his employers and team members.
Hence, this aids to brings out the best within the employees.
Transformational leadership- This is termed out as one of the most effective leadership style as
it aids to create valuable and positive change within the followers ( Günzel-Jensen, Hansen and
Wulff, 2018). Therefore, with the use of it people help each other and look out for each other.
They are the leaders who work as to motivates and encourages its team with the shared vision of
the future. Henceforth, there are many enterprise that requires the both transactional and
transformational leadership styles. Therefore, CEO of the Whitbread uses the transformation
leadership style in terms to transforming others to help each other. By enhancing motivation
morale and performance of the follower group the all things within the enterprise can be
conducted in better and effective manner. This is one of the effective approach that aids to ensure
that routine work that can be conducted reliably and helps to create the new value to enterprise.
Henceforth, CEO of the Whitbread adopted this approach as it states that this helps to delegate
the responsibility equally among the team member.
Therefore, this approach of performance bring out the better improved way of working. It
is the model in which leader sets out his vision for the enterprise and inspires others to perform
their best and to long term goals to the enterprise. He has taken this approach as he thinks that
the leaders are highly visible and spend a lot of time communicating with the team members.
Thus, leader delegates the responsibility among the team members and this leads to achieve high
performance within the enterprise. The main purpose of taking this approach is to bring out the
best from the employees and encourage them to have better and improved future vision. This is
the leadership style that supports to undertake all the activities that is infectious as they needs to
be supported by the detail people. This is the approach that leads leader to work as to identify the
changes, creating the vision to guide the change and execute the change effective so that
altogether all thing can be conducted effectively (Lam, Taylor and Zhao, 2018). Henceforth, it
can be stated that transformational leadership is one of the most inspiring theory. Thus,
transformational leaders responded with the feelings of trust, loyalty, admiration and creates the
vision that guides leader to perform all work effectively.

Democratic leadership- This is also termed out as participative leadership approach. There are
some of the leader who uses individual employees skills, knowledge that aids to build what
direct the enterprise that aids to enhance teamwork and improve communication and morale.
Henceforth, I have used this approach as this leads to people feel encouraged and valued as an
integral part of the team and this also leads to achieve their relationship with cooperative
teamwork. They are the leader who distribute the work and responsibilities among the team so
that they can be able to achieve it with the help of relationship and cooperative teamwork.
Therefore, participative leaders inclusive of traits as arbitrators, group leaders, facilitators and
social welfare workers so that group goals can be achieved (Gumus, Bellibas and Gumus, 2018).
By dividing the whole task into group the whole things can be achieve within the
deadline and this leads to enhance brand image of enterprise. I use this approach as it aids to shift
burden to whole group member and involved each person in decision making process. Therefore,
it leads to achieve group goals activities in effective and efficient mode. So, it can be stated that
this is the leadership that aids to bring better performance within the enterprise by achieving the
group goal. By dividing the task effectively effective the members leads to accomplish the task
within the set deadline.
Laissez faire leadership- This is the leadership style that termed out as a non-authoritarian
leadership style. Henceforth, the one of the beneficial aspect of this leadership that provides the
least possible guidance to each subordinates so that whole task can be conducted in better and
appropriate mode. In addition to this, CEO of White beard uses this approach as this also termed
out as delegation leadership in which the leader are hand off and also allows group to make
decision. However, leadership style is very effective as it leads to have lowest productivity
among the group members. He has used this approach because this aids to motivate the
employees and perform the each function within the enterprise in motivated manner. Hence, it is
crucial to note that leadership style have both beneficial and possible pitfalls. It is the most
suitable in the situation in which the group members are more knowledgable and it is effective
term in order to find the solution to the complex problem (Posner and Kouzes, 2018 Varanasi,
2018). Therefore, I do not follow this approach as this having lack of guidance and feedback
from the leader and this can also impact the viability of the project that lead to inadequate
integration among the team members. Sometimes, it bring negative results to working enterprise
as it gives freedom to each employee. Henceforth, this may have negative impact as it may have

uninvolved indifferent or unengaged (Gumus, Bellibas and Gumus, 2018). Although, it can be
stated that this can be excellent choice of leadership style that working with a term that is
capable of operating completely independently.
It leads to empowers employees and also boost the productivity overall at the wider
context. Additionally, it can be stated that the this has negative outcomes in manner as to have
poor job performance, low leader effectiveness and less group satisfaction. Under this approach,
subordinates to the enterprise gives the power and authority to make the decision and leader
takes the responsibility for the actions. Henceforth, CEO of the White beard uses this approach
as he thinks that this leadership can be an excellent choice of the leadership style as it allows to
working with the firm independently. This provides to take responsibility and group members are
not afraid to make decision.
Henceforth, it can be concluded that all leadership style are effective as it contribute
maximum to achieve organisational goals. Thus, most of the firm uses leadership styles by
looking over circumstances within the enterprise. Therefore, the better and suitable selection of
the leadership style aids to bring out the better and improved performance within the enterprise
(Van Dick and et.al., 2018). By selecting the suitable leadership style the entity can perform its
business activities in most improved and effective manner.
CONCLUSION
From the above report it can be concluded that emergent leadership mainly occurs at the
time when other perceive someone as one of the most influential among the group. Therefore,
emergent leader is an individual who has worked into the process of leadership by gaining
respect and support from the group.
Therefore, the present report has covered the activities of emerging leadership skill for
the workplace as Curwen Primary School. Furthermore, assignment has laid focus over
evaluation on personal ability to full-fill key responsibilities so that leadership role can be
performed in better mode. Therefore, strength and limitation of the each model and theory has
been defined in context of enterprise. Lastly, assignment has laid focus on critically analyse the
Whitbread 2018 so that profitability can be evaluated. Furthermore, compares and contrast the
leadership styles and approaches between the CEO and yourself.

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