Employee Relations and HR Practices

The provided document is a collection of studies and research papers on employee relations and human resource (HR) practices. It includes various articles, journals, and online resources that explore the effects of HR practices on organizational commitment and employee retention, as well as the role of employee diversity in innovation. The assignment also touches on public labor unions and their benefits to society.

Employee Relations

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1 ...........................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Different frames of reference explaining the implications of each of the perspectives . .1
1.2 Assess how changes in trade unionism have affected employee relations in the UK......2
1.3 Explain the roles of the key players in employment relations..........................................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................5
2.1 Procedures an organisation such as the NHS should follow when dealing with different
conflict situations....................................................................................................................5
2.2 Explain the key features of employee relations with reference to this conflict situation.6
2.3 Evaluate the effectiveness of the procedures followed in resolving this conflict............7
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................7
3.1Explain the role negotiation plays when collectively bargaining as in this conflict.........7
3.2 Identify various negotiation strategies and assess the impact of each strategy in light of
this conflict.............................................................................................................................8
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................9
4.1 Influence of the EU on industrial democracy ..................................................................9
4.2 Methods used to gain employee participation and involvement in the decision making
process .................................................................................................................................10
4.3 Assess the impact human resource management approach has had on employee relations
..............................................................................................................................................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
In this modern era, effective employee relationship plays important role in every
organisation. It can be defined as the mutual understanding and better communication between
employers and employees of an particular company. However, government of the UK, regulated
some legislations for managing and controlling employee relations in appropriate manner so that
coordination among them can be maintained. Therefore, this research project will be discussing
about different frames of references as well as implications of them. In the addition of this, how
the trade unions are affecting upon employee relations, also it will be explaining in appropriate
manner. Apart from this, another task of this assignment is related to the British Medical
Association(BMA) and NHS (Ahmad and Shahzad, 2011). In this context, will be describing
about procedures that will be adopted by NHS while dealing with different conflicts situations.
Also, various kind of negotiation strategies and their impacts in the light of every conflicts of
organisation. In the addition of this, role of negotiation will be elaborating in effective manner.
However, last one task of this research project, which is related to European Union (EU), will be
assess the influence of EU on industrial democracy of UK as well as impacts of human resource
management approaches will be analysing and identifying.
TASK 1
1.1 Different frames of reference explaining the implications of each of the perspectives
In every organisation, employee's working performance plays important role, that is
totally based on internal environment of business firm. Due to, it is necessary to maintain and
develop coordination among employees and employers. So, they can share and easy to
communicate with each others. Healthy employee relations are positively influence on
productivity and profitability of enterprise (Avey and et.al., 2010). In this light, understand and
properly analyse the nature and satisfactions of employees relations, there are having some
appropriate methods which represented by mangers of the British Airways such as: Unitary and
Pluralistic frames of references. Hence, these both methods are depends upon different strategies
and ideas but both are concentrate on to developing healthy and friendly relationship among
employees and employers. It is very important to properly analyse and monitor working
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performance and involvement of employees, because working quality directly impacts on
organisation and their profitability as well.
In the context of Unitary approach, all the powers and business authorities having in the
hand of an particular person. In this method others are persons are not included because all
powers and responsibilities having senior person of British Airways. Furthermore, the major aim
and objective behind this frame of reference is to be maintained the relationship in an
organisation in a professional and formal manner. As well as, it carried out to promote loyalty
and coordination between employees and employers of enterprise.
In the other hand, Pluralistic approach based on the beliefs due to workplace and working
environment of organisation developed through thoughts, values, nature, norms of employees
and employers. In this method, trade union play vital role because it takes decision and action
with the favour of staff members or employees. So they can easy to motivate towards their works
and get proper satisfaction towards their needs and wants. Moreover, as per the methods of
employees relations, it is significant to make negotiations with employees so they can feel their
importance in their organisation as well as they can complete their task with proper confidence
and motivate behaviour (Bach and Kessler, 2011).
1.2 Assess how changes in trade unionism have affected employee relations in the UK
Government of UK, enacted some legislations for managing employee relations within
the organisation. But changes in the trade union's legislations are directly impacts on workers
relations and their coordination level. In the context of trade union, it plays very important role
for workers or employees because it focuses on to provide healthy and friendly environment to
them. So, they can effectively complete their works with proper safety and security. One of the
major aim and objective of trade union is to create and provide safe and secure surrounding to all
employees of organisation also provide monetary and non monetary benefits to them. Moreover,
the first trade union carried out in the 19th century with new models and strategies. Thus, this
trade union came into the existence 1824, with specific legislations and rules. As per their rules
and regulations, has to done all organisational works and tasks by workers or employees. In the
current time period, there are has some changes in the legislations of trade union that impacts
upon employees relations within the British Airways such as follows:
 Technological: In this current time period, technologies are regularly developed due to,
most of the organisation are using smart and advance technologies in business
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environment. Development in technologies influence on employees, due to, it led to
reduce the use of labours because at this time period companies are using machinery and
smart techniques in entire business life (Cai, Jo and Pan, 2011).
 Political and legal: These both are the major factors, which directly affects upon
employee relations within the British Airways. However, employers of the organisation
has to be follows rules and regulations which developed and regulated by the government
of UK. These helps to resolve and avoid conflicts between employees and employers of
the business firm in appropriate manner. In this light, trade unions assists to develop and
provide safety and security to all workers or employees as well as enhance their interest
level with the help of smart methods and strategies. In the addition of this, trade unions
are also concentrate on removal of child labour from country as well as welfare of
society's persons.
1.3 Explain the roles of the key players in employment relations
Illustration 1: Employee relations, 2015
(Source- Employee relations, 2015)
Every organisations are mainly classified into three sections such as top, middle and
lower level. There are having several persons and employers, who all are responsible to maintain
healthy and friendly relations with employees ( Crespo and et.al 2011). Moreover, managerial
level of organisation is having major responsibility is to maintain relations as well as to listen
and understand issues of employees and try to resolve them with better solutions. Because
employees problems and their disputes are influenced on organisation sometimes its negatively
impacts. Due to, it is important to resolve them with the help of smart solutions as well as try to
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give proper satisfaction to employees. Because employees satisfaction level plays vital role, their
working quality and involvement totally based upon employee relations and their satisfaction.
In the other hand, for managing and developing employee relations in organisation, so there has
includes major players such as follows:
Employers: In the context of British Airways, employers of this organisation plays very
eminent role. One of the major responsibility is to implement strategies and methods in working
environment.
 The duty of employers is to develop healthy and friendly environment in organisation, so
that they can complete their task in the effective and efficient manner.
 It is very essential to develop safe and secure environment in business firm. It also can be
say that, this is on the major responsibility of employers to provide safe surrounding to all
workers ( Dreyer, Hauschild and Schierbeck, 2010).
 Motivation and confidence level of employees plays vital role for business. Due to, major
responsibility of employers is to be conduct some motivational programmes and activities
for employees so they enhance working performance and motivation level as well.
 Another duty of employers is to implement and on the time should conduct training and
development programmes for employees. So they can easy to enhance their working
capabilities and skills.
Employees
 One of the major responsibility of employee of the organisation is to be loyal towards
company and their works.
 It is important for every workers or employees of the firm is be adopt new and innovative
ideas in their working system.
 For maintaining healthy and friendly relationship in organisation, so it is important for
workers or employees to be complete all works in proper unity and coordination.
Government
 Government of the country should focuses on to develop and regulated good and
effective polices and legislations, so employers and organisation can easy to adopt and
follow in entire business life.
 British Airways has to be follows some important acts and government legislations such
as discrimination, child labour, health and safety and so more. Because all these acts are
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assists to develop healthy relationship and coordination between employees and
employers.
TASK 2
2.1 Procedures an organisation such as the NHS should follow when dealing with different
conflict situations
Sometimes, in the organisation creates several situations which develop various conflicts
such as strike and lockouts etc. So, there are various effective approaches with the help of them,
NHS can easy to control and resolve conflicts from organisation in appropriate manner. In the
general context, conflicts and critical situation creates in the organisation, when allotment of
works to employees, unhealthy working environment, discrimination nature created by the
employers. Also, it leads to reducing confidence and motivation level of employees towards their
works. Due to, they will not complete their task in effective and efficient manner. Sometimes, in
these situations employees raise their voice against company and their employers as well and
done strike and lockout by them (Farndale and et.al 2011).
Moreover, these situations are negatively impacts upon organisation's sales and
profitability. As well as employees are not concentrate on quality of works, due to company
receive high number of complaints and feedbacks from customers and society's person.
Therefore, for controlling and managing all these critical situations of business then top level
management of organisation has to be effectively and clearly communicate with them as well as
understand their major problems and issues. In the addition of this, should provide a platform to
employees so they will easily and confidently share their views and thoughts with employers of
the NHS.
Apart from this, one of the major conflict and critical situation for organisation when
employees or workers start complaining to business firm. In this situation, employers of NHS
must implement the smooth functions and take care of unfair treatments and unhealthy
environment of patients (Flammer and Luo2017).
In the addition of this, it is one of the major duty of manager of NHS is to provide healthy
and secure working environment to all employees. So they can effective treat all the patients as
well as provide better health services and facilities to them as per their needs and requirements.
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Illustration 2: Public Labor Unions Are Beneficial to
Society, 2017
(Source- Public Labor Unions Are Beneficial to Society, 2017)
2.2 Explain the key features of employee relations with reference to this conflict situation
Employee relation refers to, develop healthy and friendly relationship with employees
and employers. It plays important role in every organisation that helps to increase productivity
and motivation level of workers. In the context of NHS, it uses pluralistic way to develop
employee relationship and coordination (Frone and Trinidad, 2012). Then, workers of the NHS
effectively provide better services and health care facilities to patients. As per the giving case,
British Medical Association(BMA), NHS employees and the government of country over the
contract for new junior doctors which be began in October 2013. but in the November of 2015,
members of BMA close the strike their continuing disagreement with the government of UK.
After that, BMH, NHS and government negotiations in a contract for junior doctors. But in this
situation member of BMH take action against it. Now, government wants to start a new phase of
contract in from October of 2016. Along with this, according to the case study BMA, NHS and
government has some work disputes, which directly impacts on employees and employers
relations. It includes some key features such as follows:
 Dissatisfy with the corporation: One of the major reason behind this conflict situation is
that employee dissatisfaction with NHS. However, top level employers of the firm are
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unable to effectively allot the works to them and unhealthy working environment, which
directly impacts on employee relations. In this situation, should try to overcome conflicts
and issues with the help of honesty and clear communication. In the addition of this, must
provide a platform to all employees to perform and share their ideas, views and thoughts
effectively and efficiently manner.
 Hindering the relationship between male and female staff members: Organisation
conflicts and work disputes are directly affects the relationship between male and female
staff. In this situation, their motivation and confidence level become down as well as they
avoid to each others. These kind of working environment of NHS, its negative influence
on business and working performance of workers as well. Apart from this, it is important
to develop healthy relationship and coordination among male and female workers sop
they will effectively perform their task and provide better health care services to patients.
2.3 Evaluate the effectiveness of the procedures followed in resolving this conflict.
As per the conflict situation in organisation, one of the major responsibility of NHS
mangers, carried out or implement several approaches. Then with the help of them, easy to
resolve conflicts and disputes from business firm in appropriate and effective manner.
Moreover, to reduce the level of conflicts from organisation should implement the platform for
employees and employers so they can easy to discuss and communicate with each others.
Effective and appropriate methods and strategies helps to resolve problems and conflicts as well
as assist to develop mutual understanding among workers and employers of organisation. In this
light, during the discussion in organisation all employees have to be right to share any kind of
issues and problems with their employers. This procedure assist to address queries and problems
of them in appropriate manner (HoghHoel and Carneiro, 2011). As well as helps to develop
mutual understanding among all employees. Better employee relations helps to improve
profitability of organisation as well as develop effective working performance of workers in a
significant manner. In the addition of this, it includes some major reasons to create conflicts
such as follows:
 Understanding issue: For resolving any kind of disputes and issues from organisation,
so it is important to understand major reason behind problems. Because after knowing
major issue of conflicts, managers of NHS will effectively take corrective action towards
them(EMPLOYEE RELATIONS JOBS IN WASHINGTON DC, 2017).
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 Responding to conflict: Sometimes, in the organisation employers are not conscious
towards problems, in case of this workers will does not effectively perform the task. In
the addition of this, when workers inform to top management of organisation then in this
case one of the major responsibility of managers to take corrective action and find out
better solutions.
TASK 3
3.1Explain the role negotiation plays when collectively bargaining as in this conflict.
Collective bargaining refers to, it is the process of negotiation between employees and
employers of the organisation, which assist to establish agreement regarding wages, working
hours of employees and in order to resolve problems and disputes which were arsing at the
workplace (Kim and Rhee, 2011). In the context of NHS, their employees are carried out several
operations of business firm. They adopt and using the collective bargaining process in entire
business life to negotiate with employers and employees as well as resolve the problems and
issues in appropriate manner. Moreover, there are several roles of negotiation which will be
performed in effective and efficient manner such as follows:
 Negotiation helps to enhance the quality of work: Negotiation assist to improve
working quality of employees in effective manner. In the context of NHS, the present
necessities is to negotiate them by employers of the organisation. So they will easy to
enhance their working performance and quality of work in a significant way. Apart from
this, working performance and quality of workers are directly impacts upon business
firm, due to it is very important to properly maintained (Mahal, 2012).
 Negotiation help to improve the effectiveness: Negotiation assist to increase
effectiveness in appropriate manner. Moreover, collective bargaining is one of the
important procedure which helps to resolve problems and issues as well as aids to
develop healthy relationship. In the addition of this, with the help of collective bargaining
employees of the organisation can easily discuss any kind of their problems and disputes
with their employers then they can easy to elaborate appropriate solutions to resolve
problems in effective and efficient manner (Employee Relations, 2012).
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 Negotiation act as a support system for the firm to reach to productive conclusion:
With the help of collective bargaining process, employees of the firm can easy to
communicate and interact with each others as well as increase working performance in
effective way. Working performance and involvement of workers, directly impacts on
organisation and their profitability. Due to its very important to adopt collective
bargaining in business firm.
3.2 Identify various negotiation strategies and assess the impact of each strategy in light of this
conflict.
Negotiation is one of the best method, which adopted by the selected organisation in
entire business life to handle all disputes and problems which has been raised with in the
business among employees. Negotiation is an process, it helps to manage and control all
problems as well as aids to resolve them with the help of better solution. In the context of NHS,
BMH and government of UK, there is necessary to adopt negotiation between their employees.
So, they can easy to find out better solutions to resolve and overcome disputes which directly
impacts on business environment as well as working performance of employees (TIPS ON
WRITING ASSIGNMENT ON EMPLOYEE RELATIONS, 2015.). In the other words,
negotiating strategies and methods helps to identify the actual impacts of disputes also determine
the best tactics in order to achieve better and effective outcomes. Moreover, different type of
strategies and methods are defined in appropriate manner such as follows :
 Competing strategies: This is one of the important strategy of negotiation, which related
to the competition which generated in the working environment of organisation. In the
context of NHS, this adopt this strategy in action to properly analyse the actual impacts
on the working environment of organisation as it assist to get success and achieve goals
and objectives in appropriate manner (Morris, 2012).
 Accommodative strategies: This strategy helps to find out and resolve the major issues
of organisation, which directly impacts performance of NHS or their employees. In this
light, this method adopted by the organisation when they wants to recover their financial
crises and losses as well as handling the situation of hug turnover and termination. This
strategy helps to provides several offers to all employees of organisation to enhance their
working performance as well as effectively carry out all business operations in
appropriate manner. Along this, both methods are assist to resolve organisational
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problems and issues inn appropriate manner with the help of better solutions (Morrison,
2011).
TASK 4
4.1 Influence of the EU on industrial democracy
European Union directly impacts on industrial democracy of country, because in which
all organisation are effectively operates. In the other hand, it defines the actual working
environment of business firm which already design its frameworks by their employers. As per
the framework, all employees complete their task with better outcomes. In the other hand, British
Airways adopt several polices and methods for effectively perform the tasks and operations in
effective and efficient manner.
According to the cultural differences working performance and styler of organisation as
different from others, which is directly impacts on industrial democracy of UK. European Union
regulated and enacted several rules which has to be followed by all organisation because that
helps to maintain employees relationships in working environment. With the help of them, they
will systematically perform their task as achieve their targets. Also, it assist to working quality of
workers and enhance their standards in effective and efficient manner. Furthermore, it assists to
develop efficiency of employers, so they can easy to share any kind of informations with their
employees related to the functioning of British Airways ( Mowday, Porter and Steers, 2013).
In the addition of this, all these polices and rulers are aids the standard of working
performance and terms of working environment of organisation, which helps to avoid the major
issues from organisation which impacts on the organisation as well as their working
environment.
4.2 Methods used to gain employee participation and involvement in the decision making
process
There are available methods and strategies, that can be adopted by the organisations to
enhance working performance of organisation and effectively complete the business operations
and activities. In the context of British Airways, this adopt the consultation method with the help
of this strategy effective develop several important tactics which directly impacts upon business
environment. Due to, increase working performance and involvement of them towards their
business operations. Employers of the British Airways, they are focuses on to attain and use new
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ideas and views in entire business life, so they can enhance and develop healthy working
environment for their employees then they will complete their decided task in the effective and
efficient way (Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg, 2012).
In the addition of this, employee's working performance and their involvement in
organisation assist to take corrective decision in critical situation of organisation as well as helps
to resolve major disputes in appropriate manner. Furthermore, it is very important for every
organisation to maintain healthy employee relationship within the business firm. So they will
complete and operate their works in proper unity and better working quality. In the context of
British Airways, it adopted several methods and techniques in entire business life for managing
and controlling all over business operations and activities, because working performance and
involvement of employees directly impacts upon organisation.
4.3 Assess the impact human resource management approach has had on employee relations
Human resource management plays very important role in every organisation, because it
helps to manage and control all over employees of the organisation in effective and efficient
manner. In the addition of this, it assist to provide better training to them, so they can enhance
their working performance as well as they can learn how to complete their decided or allotted
task with better quality. Because working performance and involvement of employees directly
impacts upon business and their profitability. Moreover, human resource management assist to
manage and develop healthy employee relationship also helps in functioning of the organisation
in a significant manner (Østergaard, Timmermans and Kristinsson, 2011).
In the context of British Airways, it adopted and used several important methods and
strategies in entire business life in order to complete their task with better outcomes or result.
That's why, this organisation focuses on to provides effective working practices and conducts
several programmes for them so they enhance their performance so they effectively and
systematically achieve decided their long and short term goals and objectives in decided time
period. Moreover, it is very important for every organisation to provide proper training to all
employees, because employees Woking quality and their involvement directly influence on
business. Due to, HR manager of organisation time to time check and analyse employee's
performance and their quality. If there is needed to conduct training and development
programmes and in action so they will conduct for them. In the addition of this, it assist to
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increase positive attitude towards works and working performance of employees, develop and
maintain employee relationship within the organisation.
CONCLUSION
From the above mentioned this research project it has been concluded that, employee
relations played important role in every organisation, due to it very necessary to maintained and
controlled with the help of smart methods and strategies. Better and effective employee
relationship in order to enhance working performance of employees as well as their involvement
as well. It has been defined mainly two major approaches such as unitary and pluralistic, with the
help of them British Airways easy to resolve disputes and problems of organisation as well as
gave proper satisfaction to their workers. Employee motivation and satisfaction level directly
impacted on organisation and their profitability as well. In the addition of this, trade unions
concentrated on to provide better environment and proper training and development to all
organisation's employees so they can complete their tasks with proper safety and security. With
the help of training and development, workers can easy to enhanced their working performance
and their skills also capabilities.
REFERENCES
Books and Journals
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Flammer, C. and Luo, J., 2017. Corporate social responsibility as an employee governance tool:
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Frone, M. R. and Trinidad, J. R., 2012. Relation of supervisor social control to employee
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workers: a three‐wave prospective study. Journal of nursing management. 19(6).
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Kim, J. N. and Rhee, Y., 2011. Strategic thinking about employee communication behavior
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Online
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<http://www.co.cumberland.nc.us/human_resources/employee_relations.aspx>.
[Accessed on 24th August 2017]
EMPLOYEE RELATIONS JOBS IN WASHINGTON DC, 2017. [Online]. Available through:
<https://jobs.amtrak.com/go/Employee-Relations-Jobs-in-Washington-DC/608800/>.
[Accessed on 24th August 2017]
TIPS ON WRITING ASSIGNMENT ON EMPLOYEE RELATIONS, 2015. Available
through:<http://www.qualityassignment.co.uk/tips-on-writing-assignment-on-employee-
relations/>. [Accessed on 29th August 2017]
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