Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease in Individuals with Diabetes Type II

Running head: EPIDEMIOLOGY ASSIGNMENT
EPIDEMIOLOGY ASSIGNMENT
Name of the Student:
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Author Note:

1EPIDEMIOLOGY ASSIGNMENT
Part 1:
Title and abstract:
The researchers conducted a cohort study to evaluate the prevalence of cardiovascular
disease in individuals suffering from Diabetes Type II. The research study critically focused
on investigating the association between Type II Diabetes in people with the 12 initial
manifestation episodes of cardiovascular diseases. In addition to this, it should also be stated
that the title of research paper includes the sample size included in the cohort study. The
sample size strength was equivalent to 1.9 million individuals which indicated that the
findings of the research study on account of the large sample size can be generalized. Out of
the participants included 98.2% did not have Diabetes and 34.19% had Diabetes Type II. A
total of 17.9% people who had TIIDM experienced an episode of cardiovascular presentation.
16.2% experienced peripheral arterial disease and 14.1% reported heart failure. The overall
results predicted an association of TIIDM with peripheral arterial disease, ischaemic stroke,
stable angina, heart failure and non-fatal myocardial infarction. However, TIIDM was found
to be inversely associated with abdominal aortic aneurysm, subarachnold haemorrhage and
not associated with arrhythmia or sudden cardiac arrest.
Introduction:
Background/rationale:
The researchers in the introduction clearly mentioned the rationale for conducting the
research. A number of research studies have mentioned that individuals suffering from
TIIDM are at an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disorders (Rawshani et al., 2017;
Shah et al., 2015). The researchers conducted the research to evaluate the validity of the
statement. In addition to this, the researchers presented a sound background of the research
that comprised of the global statistical figures of TIIDM. The studies evaluated by the

2EPIDEMIOLOGY ASSIGNMENT
researchers indicated that the major outcomes of TIIDM were stroke and myocardial
infarction. A sound research gap was identified by the researchers that mentioned the absence
of research studies which predicted the existence of a relationship between TIIDM and
cardiovascular disorders. In order to bridge the research gap, this research was conducted
with the objective of evaluating the relationship between TIIDM and cardiovascular
disorders, so as to establish guidelines for the development of an improved care plan.
Objectives:
It should be mentioned here that the paper does not critically mention a set of research
objectives. However, the researchers in the background segment discuss about the existing
research studies in relation to TIIDM and the vulnerability of the affected patients to develop
cardiovascular disorders. Further the researchers identify a literature gap and subtly mention
the aim of the research paper.
Methods:
Study design:
The researchers adapted the cohort study design to evaluate the incidence of
cardiovascular disease presentation in patients suffering from TIIDM. An exhaustive
literature search was conducted on the electronic databases in order to identify population
based cohort studies that investigated the effect of two or more incident of cardiovascular
diseases in patients with TIIDM.
Participants:
The research data included input from the primary care, hospital admission, disease
registry as well as death certificate records from the CALIBER programme that links to four
sources of electronic health record within England. The inclusion criteria for the selection of