Types of Pacemakers for Treating Cardiovascular Disorders

Running head: HEALTH ASSIGNMENT
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Abstract:
Statistical data collected from the
Department of Health, Australia suggests
that cardiovascular disorders are the
leading causes that attribute to an
overwhelming proportion of death. The
most common cardiovascular conditions
include, stroke, arrhythmias and heart
block. Pacemakers can be broadly defined
as medical devices that help to monitor
and regulate the heart-beat so as to ensure
normal functioning of the heart. The
correct choice of the pacemaker type can
help to acquire positive patient outcome.
The paper critically mentions about the
three types of pacemakers that include,
single chamber pacemaker, dual chamber
pacemaker and Biventricular pacemakers
and discusses about their utility and
associated health outcome.
Introduction:
Pacemakers can be defined as
miniature devices that are placed
underneath the skin of the chest so as to
effectively regulate the heart-beat.
Pacemakers are usually used in order to
treat issues pertaining to irregular heart
beat which is also known as arrhythmia.
Research studies in this regard mention
that implantation of pacemakers within the
chest requires an extensive surgical
procedure (Nazif et al. 2015). It has further
been suggested that implantation of
pacemakers can cumulatively improve
patient outcome.
According to the Department of
Health Australia (2019), it has been
mentioned that cardiovascular disorder
form one of the leading causes of death
within the Australian territory. Statistical
evidence suggests that between the year
2014-2015, on an average 4.2 million
Australian adults which formed 18.3% of
the Australian population presented
problems related to cardiovascular
problems (Sahle et al. 2016). Out of the
predicted statistical data, 1.2 million of the
affected individuals were reported to suffer
from cardiovascular conditions such as

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heart disease and one episode of stroke. In
addition to this, as reported by the
Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2.6 million
Australians have presented physical health
problems related to hypertension (Sahle et
al. 2016). Also, 430,000 individuals have
been reported to suffer an episode of
myocardial infarction (Heart Attack)
(www.health.gov.au 2019). Further, in the
year 2015, 29% of the total deaths were
attributed due to cardiovascular diseases
(www.health.gov.au 2019). Further,
approximately, 69,000 members of the
Aboriginal and Torres Islander community
were reported to suffer from
cardiovascular disorders
(www.health.gov.au 2019). Within the
year 2014 to 2015, 15.7% of the
indigenous population base was predicted
to suffer from cardiovascular disorders
which had culminated thrice the incidence
rate within the indigenous community
members (Sahle et al. 2016). Therefore, on
the basis of the available statistical data it
can be stated that cardiovascular diseases
have emerged as a disease burden which
has limited the quality of life of the people.
As stated by Greason et al. (2017),
cardiovascular disorders such as
bradycardia, arrhythmia, Long QT
syndrome and cardiac blockage can be
effectively treated with the help of
pacemaker implantation. Hence, in this
regard it can be mentioned that pacemaker
implantation is the single effective
intervention that can help to alleviate the
disease burden and can subsequently
improve the quality of life of the patients.
Thus, on account of the available
background information about the disease
prevalence, conducting an exhaustive
research on the use of pacemakers as an
effective treatment can be considered
relevant. This accounts for the reason why
this mini-review paper focuses on the use
of pacemakers as a treatment option for
ensuring positive health outcome in
patients suffering from cardiovascular
disorders.

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Comparison with pros/cons and how
future devices might address the issues:
According to Mohananey et al.
(2017), pacemaker can be defined as a
miniature medical device that is integrated
within the chest or the abdomen in order to
control the abnormal heart beats. The
medical device makes use of electrical
pulses in order to ensure that the heart
beats at a normal rate. Pacemakers are also
used for the treatment of arrhythmias or
cardiovascular issues that causes the heart
to beat irregularly (Mohananey et al.
2017). Arrhythmias are cardiac issues that
causes abnormality with the beating
pattern of the heart. It has been reported
that arrhythmia can either cause the heart
to either beat too fast or too slow with an
irregular cardiac rhythm (Greason et al.
2017). It should be noted in this regard that
an accelerated heart beat is referred to as
tachycardia and a slower heart beat is
referred to as bradycardia (Mohananey et
al. 2017).
Fig: Electrical system of the heart
(Source: Cleveland Clinic 2019)