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Schizophrenia

   

Added on  2020-05-04

16 Pages4168 Words125 Views
Running head: INTRODUCTION TO EPIDEMIOLOGYCritical appraisal of an epidemiological studyName of the StudentName of the UniversityAuthor Note
Schizophrenia_1
1INTRODUCTION TO EPIDEMIOLOGYExecutive summarySchizophrenia is a prevalent mental disorder that appears usually in early adulthood or lateadolescence. It is generally characterized by hallucinations, delusions, lack of motivation, socialwithdrawal and other cognitive difficulties. It is considered to be a lifelong struggle by thepatients. Patients must meet the DSM criteria in order to be diagnosed with the disorder.Medication and counselling are considered to be most effective treatment. Clozapine isconsidered effective for all schizophrenia patients who have shown resistance to treatment.Clozapine is known to reduce suicidal behaviors in such patients. However, there lies a risk ofweight gain and diabetes with its use. The present report is a critical appraisal of a research thatwas carried out to demonstrate the effects of dietary control and physical exercise amongschizophrenia patients who were obese and under clozapine medication.
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2INTRODUCTION TO EPIDEMIOLOGYTable of ContentsIntroduction......................................................................................................................................3Overview..........................................................................................................................................3Issue.............................................................................................................................................3Outcomes.....................................................................................................................................4Novel study..................................................................................................................................4Study design and population........................................................................................................4Interventions................................................................................................................................4Main findings...............................................................................................................................5Future direction............................................................................................................................6Appraising internal validity.............................................................................................................6Bias and Confounding variables..................................................................................................6Chance errors...............................................................................................................................7Causal association between exposure and outcome........................................................................7Interaction illustrated...................................................................................................................9Appraising external validity............................................................................................................9Quality of the study.......................................................................................................................10Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................12References......................................................................................................................................13
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3INTRODUCTION TO EPIDEMIOLOGYIntroductionSchizophrenia is a serious mental disorder that interferes with the ability of a person tothink, make decisions, manage emotions and relate to others. It manifests commonly in the formof hallucinations or delusions. Cognitive issues such as, disorganized thinking, struggling toremember things and lack of insight (anosognosia) are often observed. Clozapine is one of themost commonly used atypical antipsychotics to treat schizophrenia (Leutwyler et al., 2014). Itleads to a decrease in suicidal ideation. However, there are some serious side effects associatedwith its administration. One such effect is weight gain (Gressier et al., 2016). People under thismedication report significant weight gain. This drug-induced weight gain is identified as a majorrisk factor for disorders that can increase morbidity and mortality rates of schizophrenic patients(Sagy, Weizman & Katz, 2014). This report aims to critically appraise a study that wasconducted to evaluate the effects of physical activity and diet control on obese schizophrenicpatients, under clozapine treatment (Wu et al., 2007).OverviewIssueThe paper focuses on a randomized, controlled study that was conducted to evaluate theeffects of regular physical activity and continuous dietary control, for six months, on obesepatients who were suffering from schizophrenia. These patients were being administeredclozapine to reduce their mental disorder. The study tried to establish an association betweenclozapine use and weight gain among schizophrenia patients.
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