400417 - Epidemiology and Quantitative Methods
Added on 2020-05-04
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Epidemiology Epidemiology and Research MethodsWu, M et al. (2007). Outcomes of obese (overweight) with schizophrenic in-patients beingtreated with Clozapine placed in 6 months dieting as well as physical- exercise program:Psychiatric services. 58(4):544
Epidemiology Title and abstract Wu et al (2007) has given a highly clear and concise title that is congruent with the study.According to Polit & Beck (2016), title of the study should stimulate an accurate perceptionabout the study’s nature which is evident in this study. At this point, the abstract has to beanalyzed to clarify the focus of the study. The abstract of the current study presents their studyfocus of evaluating the effect of 6-month dietary with physical activity regimen on obeseschizophrenic in-patients who is treated with Clozapine. The abstract condenses the main pointsas the problem, study-hypothesis, study-objectives, research methodology, findings, conclusionsas well as recommendations (Boswell, n. d.). Though the recommendations for future studieswere not given in abstract, they have included other aspects of it. IntroductionThe researchers have given an elaborate literature review to demonstrate their studymotivation. A review of literature in a research study involves a critical summary of the studiesthat are related to the topic of interest, often developed to conceptualize a research study (Polit,2016). They have begun by quoting studies to show the relationship between intake of anti-psychotic drugs and weight gain as well as obesity-induced conditions as heart diseases, which isadequate. They have clearly and concisely described about various studies to demonstrate therelationship between Clozapine and its effect on weight and obesity-caused disorders amongschizophrenia patients. They have concentrated more on the association of Clozapine intake withcardio-vascular risks, which could be understood that the authors wanted to concentrate more onweight gain that is associated with cardiac disorders. The literatures included were relevant,recent and appropriate with correct in-text citations. Most of the studies are current yet fewstudies are very old to consider. Though the older studies are highly helpful to understand the
Epidemiology underlying concepts as well as the effect of clopiazine in that period, it could increase the chanceof bias in understanding the fundamental concepts, as science advances day by day (Tappen,2010). They have mentioned a couple of studies to show the effect of diet control programs onthe clozapine-treated schizophrenic patients, which showed contradictory results. This hasmotivated the researchers to conduct a randomized- controlled trial to determine the effect ofregular physical-activities with dietary-control programs (6-month) on obese, schizophrenic in-patients those treated with clozapine. They have measured anthropometric with bio-chemicalindices (triglycerides, cholesterol, serum-glucose, insulin levels, cortisol levels, prolactin levels,growth-hormone as well as IGF-1 & IGFBP-3) at 3rd and 6th months. This shows that theresearchers have described their views systematically, logically as well as sequentially in anunbiased way (Greenhalgh, 2010). They have demonstrated their insight into the problem byinvolving more suitable and comprehensive studies.Research FormulationThe researchers have identified the study problem appropriately and have given the studystatements as per PICOT framework (Population, Exposure/Intervention, Comparison/ Control &Outcome). A study problem is defined as a perplexing condition that requires investigation by adisciplined inquiry (THS, 2015). The research text suggests that the researchers are interested inevaluating the effect of weight control program on cloziapine- treated schizophrenic patients; atrisk for weight gain of at-least 4.45 kg as well as obesity- related risks. The authors have stated aclear and appropriate research- purpose to evaluate the effect of diet control plus exerciseprogram on the outcomes of obese schizophrenic patients taking clozapine. The purpose of astudy should agree with its problem and title (Fink, 2013) which is evident in this study. They
Epidemiology have given a clear and an achievable objective as ‘to evaluate the effect of diet control as well asphysical activity regimen that is given for six- month period on the obese schizophrenic in-patients under clozapine’. Hypothesis is an expected or predicted relationship between twovariables (Polit, 2016). The researchers have not clearly stated their hypothesis yet it could beunderstood from the objectives. Sampling and sample sizeAccording to Greenhalgh (2010), the process of selecting the target population and thesamples is highly critical in a research study. The target population involves a population groupin which the authors are interested in collecting data and generalizing the results (Houser,2011).Their selection of target population of 753 hospitalized schizophrenia patients admitted from2003 September to 2004 February is appropriate. They have selected the patients who werediagnosed as schizophrenia based on DSM-IV criteria particularly between 18 to 65 years of age.Sample is a subset of the population who are selected to represent the entire population(LoBiondo-Wood, 2014). According to Moule (2013), a sampling plan involves selecting samples appropriatelywith sampling technique. They have selected 56 samples based on inclusion and exclusioncriteria. They have randomly assigned 25 samples to control group and 28 samples to study(interventional) group (with 3 samples withdrawn from control group as they have discharged)which is adequate for a RCT trial. Yet, power analysis was not done to select an appropriatesample size. As given by Polit (2016), random sampling is a technique by which samples areselected in such a way of providing equal opportunity to all the members of target populationbeing studied which could reduce bias and hence is highly appropriate. The researcher has given
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