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Epidemiology Assignment | Effects of a Drug

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Added on  2019-11-14

Epidemiology Assignment | Effects of a Drug

   Added on 2019-11-14

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Running head: EPIDEMIOLOGY1EpidemiologyStudent’s NameDate of Submission
Epidemiology Assignment | Effects of a Drug_1
EPIDEMIOLOGY2Question 1:(a) “What study design does this study employ”? [1 point]This is a prospective cohort study. This is because it involves the collection of data from apopulation at a given time followed by data analysis (Titulaer et al., 2013). Morespecifically, it is aiming at determining the cause of a disease, (in this case coronary heartdisease), and the risk factors linked to it (physical inactivity). (b) “Find the methodological aspects mentioned in the paper that convinced you that is the typeof study design, please use dot points” [2 points]It is prospective in nature because it has been planned to be carried between specificperiod of time.Involves a cohort which will be observed over a specified period of time.It involves medical data.It involves a disease as well as the risk factors and outcomes.The 10 year follow-up is relevant to detect any health changes. (c) “What justification do the authors give for conducting this study, please use dot points”? [2points]There is a long term association between physical activity and fatal and non fatalcoronary heart disease.The risk for coronary heart disease among those who are physically inactive is higherthan that of those who are physically active.There are effects of other factors like smoking, age and socioeconomic status and hence aneed to find out the effects of their adjustment (Sundquist et al., 2005). 2
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EPIDEMIOLOGY3(d) “What was the proportion of those who (i) do not do any physical activity (ii) engaged intwice a week vigorous physical activity”? (You are not required to report 95%confidence intervals) [2 points]No physical activity= 9 %Twice a week vigorous activity= 10.9%(e) “What is the crude incidence rate of CHD in inactive men and inactive women”? [2 points]Inactive men- 111 per 10,000 person-yearsInactive women- 38 per 10,000 person-years(f) “What is the crude relative risk of being non-active versus being “highly active” (vigorousphysical activity at least twice a week) in men and in women”[2 points]Non active men= 111Active men= 61Non active women= 38Active women= 143
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EPIDEMIOLOGY4RR= 111/(111+38) / 61/ (61+14)= 111/ 149 divided by 61/75= 0.745/ 0.813=0.91 (g) “How would you interpret the relative risk in the above section” (f)? [2 marks]This means that the people who are subjected to high or vigorous physical activities have a lowrisk of developing coronary heart disease. (h) “Looking at the sex and age adjusted RR in Table 3 (the RR is measured by the Hazard Ratiowhich is similar) (i) how would you describe the association between physical activityand CHD” [4 points]After adjustment for sex and age, participants who performed leisure-time physicalactivity vigorously at least twice a week exhibited a 54% lower risk of developing CHD thanthose who performed no leisure-time physical activity (HR = 0.46; CI = 0.29-0.74).4
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