Epistemology, Metaphysics & Ontology

Epistemology, Metaphysics & Ontology

Epistemology
a. According to Code, (2017) epistemology is one the branches of philosophy which deals with
knowledge, its scope and nature.
b. The origin, nature and the limitations of human knowledge are studied under the subject
matter of epistemology (Hugghes & Sharrock, 2016). It justifies the human knowledge and its
beliefs from a philosophical point of view.
c. Everything in the universe is upheld by the Almighty with his power as mentioned in Hebrews
chapter 1, verse 3. Therefore the belief which is developed among the Christians by reading the
Bible is that everything in the universe will be taking place in order and also follow a rational
behavior.
d. In 2 Peter: chapter 3, verse 8, it is said that time is transcended by the Lord. Thus in the
universe nothing is subject to a change of arbitrary nature. The situation in the past had been
different from the situation in the present. But the changes would still not be random.
Metaphysics
a. According to Adorno, (2015) there are some first principles of few things which might be
abstract in their concept and are dealt in the subject matter of metaphysics which is a branch of
philosophy.
b. Metaphysics is an abstract idea of philosophy which deals with identity, knowledge, space and
time (Loux & Crisp, 2017).
c. According to the Christians, the world has been created by God and everything in the world is
existent because of God. Thus they believe that man has been created by God and God is beyond
creation and eternal.
d. The biblical teachings give a base of thinking to the Christians who acknowledge the existence
of God, creation of man by God and reality to them is controlled by their belief that universe is
created by God and nothing would have been true without God.

Ontology
a. A very important part of existence is ‘I’ or being. The nature of being is studied in details
under the subject matter of ontology which is a branch of metaphysics (Esfeld & Deckert, 2017).
b. According to Moltmann, (2017) ontology studies the main concept of being and the various
categories of being and their interrelation. The concept of becoming, reality and existence are
dealt in the subject matter.
c. According to the Christian ontology, God is Trinitarian, i.e., there is existence of God in three
persons. God is one as per their belief but he exists in three substantial hypostases- the Father,
the Son, Jesus Christ and the Holy Spirit.
d. Christians believe that man is created by God. The creation of man is in the image of God.
This means that man looks similar to God. How far man is similar to God in physical, moral and
spiritual sense is studied in Christian ontology.
Epistemology discussions
a. As discussed in Johnson, (2010) humans have always been interested to know about
creation, the origin or start of the universe and everything in it. This is a reference to the
idea of epistemology or the theory of knowledge itself.
b. The concept of personhood which has been studied by psychologists impacts the
knowledge of oneself or epistemology of self-origin (Puffer, 2007). God or the Supreme
Being is the transcendent drive which is causing the reality in the universe.
c. Worldview is the idea or the beliefs which the intellectual community across the world
has about reality. Naturalism is a part of epistemology. In naturalism theory it is believed
that the natural entities can only exist. The empirical science justifies the existence and
beliefs of natural entities like humans (Johnson & Watson, 2012).