Impact of Equality and Diversity on Organizational Performance

This research aims to analyze the impact of equality and diversity on the overall performance of organizations, with a case study of Tesco PLC. It explores the concept of equality and diversity, the role of organization policy, and strategies to maintain diversity and equality in the workplace. The research also highlights the importance of equality for employee performance and the impact of workplace diversity on Tesco PLC's performance.

Equality and Diversity in the
Workplace

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................1
Title- ...............................................................................................................................1
Aim.................................................................................................................................1
Objectives.......................................................................................................................1
Research questions........................................................................................................1
Rationale........................................................................................................................1
Significance....................................................................................................................2
Background....................................................................................................................2
LITERATURE REVIEW.....................................................................................................2
Equality and Diversity for Business Organization..........................................................2
Role of Organization Policy in Order to Maintain Equality and Diversity within Work
place 160........................................................................................................................3
Impact of Work Place Diversity on Performance of Tesco PLC 160.............................3
Importance of Equality on Work Place for Employee Performance 160.......................4
Strategies to Maintain Diversity and Equality with in Work Place 160...........................4
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.........................................................................................5
Research design............................................................................................................5
Research approach........................................................................................................5
Research philosophy......................................................................................................6
Sampling........................................................................................................................6
Data collection................................................................................................................6
Data analysis..................................................................................................................7
Ethical consideration......................................................................................................7
DATA ANALYSIS...............................................................................................................7
CONCLUSION.................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES................................................................................................................12
APPENDIX.......................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
Title-
“To analyse the impact of equality and diversity on overall performance of
organization.” - A case study of Tesco PLC Oldham.
Aim
To analyse the impact of equality and diversity on over all performance of
organization.
Objectives
1. To learn the concept of equality and diversity for business organization.
2. To analyse the role of organization policy in order to maintain equality and
diversity with in organization.
3. To Evaluate the impact of work place diversity on the performance of Tesco PLC.
4. To understand the importance of equality on work place for employee
performance.
5. To study different ways to maintain diversity and equality with in the work place.
Research questions
1. What is the concept of equality and diversity for a business organization?
2. What is the role of organization policy in order to maintain equality and diversity
with in organization?
3. How can work place diversity can influence the performance of Tesco PLC in
target market?
4. How the work place equality is important for employee performance in
organization?
5. What strategies can be used by organization to maintain diversity and equality
with in the work place?
Rationale
Diversity in the work force and equality between the employees are major
concern of organization. Performance of organization and employees is directly
connected to the work place diversity and equality between these diverse range of
people. This research can help the organization to make various changes in
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organization policies and operations in order to gain maximum performance in the target
market.
Significance
This is important for the organization to maintain equality and diversity in the
work place to gain maximum efficiency in target market. This research can be used by
different people for various purposes. Other researcher can use this research as
foundation of their own research work to fill research gap evaluated by them. This
research also can be used by Tesco PLC to make respective changes in their policies
and processes in order to improve the working condition and improve equality policy in
order to motivate employees to perform much better. This research also can be used by
company to improve organization policies in order to increase the diversity in work force
of company.
Background
This research will be discussing the work force diversity and equality policy of
Tesco Public Limited Company. Tesco PLC is a retail sector organization that is
operating on global and providing services to their clients. As it is operating on global
level it is important for them to maintain equality between the employees and high
diverse work force in organization to achieve maximum performance in the market place
with various innovative and creative people with in organization. This research will be
targeting the equality and diversity policies and practices of organization to suggest
positive changes in organizational policies and practices for improving the internal
operations of company to perform efficiently in the target market.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Equality and Diversity for Business Organization
There are different things in organization that can affect their internal operations
that are related to their performance in the target market. There are different
advantages of workforce diversity for an organization. It can help company in different
manner. According to Booysen, Bendl and Pringle, (2018) work place diversity can be
explained as an organization is consists of diverse range of individuals who can be
differentiated on the basis of race, education, ethnicity, religion, personal views, age,
gender, sexual orientation and personal capability. This diverse range of employees can
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help the organization make innovative and creative team to improve internal
performance of organization.
In opinion of Ali and Konrad, (2017) this is also important for organization to
provide equal opportunities and treatment to each individual employee to maintain
equality with in organization. Some of the policies that are designed by human
resources of organization are based on concept that is developed to improve the
equality with in work place to encourage and motivate employees to gain higher
performance in operations.
Role of Organization Policy in Order to Maintain Equality and Diversity within Work
place
As per view of Sharma, (2016) there are different policies and practices are
formed and implemented by human resources department of organization to maintain
effective performance of organization in the target market. Role of these policies is very
important for company. These policies can provide capability to organization to
maintain diversity in work force of company with provide equal treatment to all
employees. The role of the equality policy in organization is to prevent and avoid any
kind of discrimination with in the workplace of company. The equality policy ensures that
all the people with in organization are treated equally and provided with equal
opportunities. This policy also help the organization to prevent discrimination on the
basis of gender, age, disability, race, religion and personal values (Akobo and Metcalfe,
2019). This also ensure the full filling rights of employees with in work place.
Recruitment and selection policies of organization are used by the organization to
maintain high diverse work force with in the organization to meet all required skills of
work force. These policies also allow the organization to perform global recruitment to
develop diverse range of work force in order to meet all the requirement that are
important to achieve operational efficiency to gain maximum profit from target market.
Impact of Work Place Diversity on Performance of Tesco PLC
According to Dennissen, Benschop and van den Brink, (2019) work force
diversity is one of the most important thing for organization. The impact of workforce
diversity is huge on internal and external performance of organization in the target
market. The impact of workforce diversity is both negative and positive for internal and
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external performance of organization. Some of the main benefits of workplace diversity
that can help the company to gain optimum performance in market place are- variety of
work force allows to get different perspectives in decision making, improve the creativity
of the individual teams, help to develop innovative practices in organization, provide
effective problem solving, improve decision making of organization, improve the profit of
organization and help organization to achieve goals efficiently. Some disadvantage of
workforce diversity are- it is difficult to make policy for organization, due to this diversity
this really difficult for organization to maintain effective communication with all people
and high diversity can also cause conflicts and communicational issues (Nachmias,
Aravopoulou and Caven, 2019).
Importance of Equality on Work Place for Employee Performance
According to Janssens and Steyaert, (2019) equality is al about providing and
ensuring that all people within organization are treated equally with in work place and
provided with equal opportunities. This is also part of the equality policy of the
organization is to prevent different kind of discrimination with in the work place. Equality
policy of organization is designed by human resources department in order to ensure
equal treatment to all employees and help them prevent discrimination with in the
workplace. Effective equality policy of organization can help them to attract more people
towards organization, improve team bonding between the employees, increase the
productivity of various teams and improve over all performance of organization by
motivation and encouraging employees of organization.
Strategies to Maintain Diversity and Equality with in Work Place
As per Kemper, Bader and Froese, (2019) there are different process can be
used by organization to improve diversity with in work force and improvement in equality
policy of organization to maintain equality between the employees of organization.
Processes like measuring diversity, develop team bonding between people, improve
focus on employee retention, improving organization culture and improving recruitment
& selection policy to make work force more diverse. Change in recruitment policy and
employment policy can help the organization make their work force more diverse. There
are some policies are used by the organization to maintain equality with in work place
(Ellemers and Rink, 2016). Strict policies against discrimination can be formed to treat
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all employees similarly. Training and development sessions also can be used in order to
train managers and senior leader to treat and handle people efficiently in workplace.
This is how various processes can be used by the organization to improve diversity and
equality in organization.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research design
Research design is basically methods and procedures which are being used for
collecting as well as analysing measures of variables within problem research. There
are wide range of research designs like exploratory, descriptive, experimental and
correlation. In this study, exploratory research design has been used (Meyers, Gamst
and Guarino, 2016). Exploratory research is predominately the research which is
conducted for specific problem that is not studied clearly and thus is carried out for
understanding problem in depth. The main rationale behind selecting exploratory
approach is that is to gain a deep insight of the problem and to have a well grounded
image of situation (Bell, E., Bryman, A. and Harley, B., 2018). The main advantage of
exploratory research is that it generally saves time as well as resources as this helps to
determine the research type which is beneficial at earlier stages. Besides this, it is
highly flexible and hence offers flexibility of the resources because secondary sources
like published literature are used in this research design.
Research approach
Research approach is primarily the plan as well as procedure which comprises of
different steps for collecting the data, analysis and the interpretation. In short, it
encompasses all the methods which are being used in conducting an effective research.
There are mainly three kinds of approaches in research which are deductive approach,
inductive approach and abductive approach. Here, inductive research approach have
been used for carrying out the research. The main aim of selecting inductive approach
in this research is that in this, known premises are mainly used for generating untested
conclusions (Tuffour, 2017). Inductive approach mainly emphasizes on generating the
new theory from data and thus narrows down scope of study through the use of
research question. This was the main purpose for choosing inductive approach in
research. The major advantage of inductive approach is that it helps the researchers to
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condense the extensive as well as varied raw data into the brief. Besides this, its
biggest advantage is that with the help of inductive research, researchers are able to
work with various probabilities which means that it provides various options for
conducting research.
Research philosophy
It is considered as the thinking process of researcher at the time of conducting
research work. For this research work interpretivism philosophy is used in order to
evaluate the data that is collected through the processes like interview and observations
(Hennink, Hutter and Bailey, 2020). This is most suitable approach to analyse and
evaluate the information and data that is collected from various sources. This approach
will also effective to understand the meaning of data that is collected for research,
Sampling
In this research process simple random sampling is used to collect required data
for the research process. Simple random sampling is the best suitable process to select
primary sources to collect data. This process can help the researcher to overcome the
chance of collecting false data and prevent the impact of various factors on primary
sources that are included in the research work. Simple random sampling also help the
organization to improve cost effectiveness of research process along with time
efficiency.
Data collection
There are two type of sources are used by the researcher to collect respective
data. Two techniques that are used for data collection are- primary data collection and
secondary data collection. In this research work both primary and secondary data
sources has been used to ensure the effectiveness, accuracy and preciseness of data
to generate better solution or result for topic (Ghauri, Grønhaug and Strange, 2020).
There are some limitation of both approaches but by considering both data collection
process these limitation has been avoided from research work.
Primary Data Collection Secondary data collection
Real time data is collected in this process. Past data used in research
Expensive process Economical process
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High Complexity Easy and fast process
Time consuming Time effective
Costly Cheaper
Highly Reliable Less Reliable
Accurate data Less accuracy
Data analysis
There are different tools and techniques can be used by the researcher in order
to evaluate and analyse data that is collected from data collection process. In this
research work thematic data analysis technique is used in order to perform analysis of
data that is based on various themes that are selected by researcher according to topic.
This technique is suitable for researcher cause it can help researcher to stay focused on
specific theme.
Ethical consideration
Ethicality forms the core aspect of research study and thus is the most important
part of research. While conducting this research, ethicality has been considered to a
high extent. The participants while research was going on were not forced to provide
their answers or feedback and were not harmed in any way. They were not pressurized
to provide their answers or change their responses and thus their privacy was given
utmost importance. Besides this, the dignity of participants were given high priority and
prior to study, their consent were received in effective manner. Along with this, the
confidentiality of their information and data was also ensured to high level and thus was
given special importance (Patten, M.L. and Newhart, M., 2017). While collecting their
responses, their anonymity was considered and were ensured. Apart from this, the
whole research was entirely transparent. Various aspects like rationale behind carrying
study, aims, objectives were communicated to the participants with honesty
(Greenwood, 2016).
DATA ANALYSIS
Question.1 Do you think that you work with diverse work force? Frequency
Yes 17
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No 3
Interpretation
As per the collected data 17 respondents were agreed that work place of Tesco
PLC is consists of diversity and rest of 3 respondent have negative answer for this
question. Form above data it can be interpreted that the workforce of Tesco PLC is
highly diverse.
Question 2. Does all employee are treated equally with in
organization?
Frequency
Yes 18
No 2
8
17
3
Yes
No

Interpretation
According to above data 18 respondent out of 20 are considering that they all are
treated equally with in organization and rest of two respondents are not considering that
they all are treated equally in organization. As per collected data it can be interpreted
that equality policyof Tesco PLC is effective for employees.
Question 3. Do the managers of organization provide equal
opportunity to all employees?
Frequency
Yes 15
No 5
9
18
2
Yes
No

Interpretation
According to collected data 15 respondents have said that managers of
organization are effectively providing opportunity to all people with in organization and
rest of 5 respondents are not considering that treatment of managers is equal for all
employees. This can be interpreted that managers of Tesco PLC are following equality
policy of organization efficiently.
Question 4. The response of organization is strict for any kind
of discrimination on work place?
Frequency
Yes 16
No 4
10
15
5
Yes
No

Interpretation
For this question 16 respondents out of 20 have answered that actions that are
taken by organization are strict against all kind of discrimination with in the work pace
and 4 respondents have opinion that actions of organization are not that good to
prevent issues like discrimination on work place. Form above data it can be interpreted
that
CONCLUSION
This report is concluding importance of equality and diversity for a business
organization to achieve higher performance in the target market and meet all the rights
of employees with in all the process and operations of organization. In this research
work different type of data has been collected and analysed in order to evaluate its
importance for performance of organization internally and in external market. As per the
data collected form primary and secondary sources it can be concluded that the
organization culture and policies of Tesco PLC are good enough to provide equal
opportunities to employees and maintain workforce diversity.
11
16
4
Yes
No

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Akobo, L. and Metcalfe, B., 2019. Developmental Paper: An Analysis of How Mncs
Manage Diversity to Foster Gender Equality in the Workplace–A Nigerian
Perspective.
Ali, M. and Konrad, A.M., 2017. Antecedents and consequences of diversity and
equality management systems: The importance of gender diversity in the TMT
and lower to middle management. European Management Journal. 35(4).
pp.440-453.
Bell, E., Bryman, A. and Harley, B., 2018. Business research methods. Oxford
university press.
Booysen, L.A., Bendl, R. and Pringle, J.K. eds., 2018. Handbook of Research Methods
in Diversity Management, Equality and Inclusion at Work. Edward Elgar
Publishing.
Dennissen, M., Benschop, Y. and van den Brink, M., 2019. Diversity networks:
networking for Equality?. British Journal of Management. 30(4). pp.966-980.
Ellemers, N. and Rink, F., 2016. Diversity in work groups. Current Opinion in
Psychology. 11. pp.49-53.
Ghauri, P., Grønhaug, K. and Strange, R., 2020. Research methods in business
studies. Cambridge University Press.
Greenwood, M., 2016. Approving or improving research ethics in management journals.
Journal of Business Ethics.137(3).pp.507-520.
Hennink, M., Hutter, I. and Bailey, A., 2020. Qualitative research methods. SAGE
Publications Limited.
Janssens, M. and Steyaert, C., 2019. A practice-based theory of diversity: Respecifying
(in) equality in organizations. Academy of Management Review. 44(3). pp.518-
537.
Kemper, L.E., Bader, A.K. and Froese, F.J., 2019. Promoting gender equality in a
challenging environment. Personnel Review.
Meyers, L.S., Gamst, G. and Guarino, A.J., 2016. Applied multivariate research: Design
and interpretation. Sage publications.
Nachmias, S., Aravopoulou, E. and Caven, V., 2019. Diversity and Equality Issues in
Modern Organisations. In Inequality and Organizational Practice (pp. 17-43).
Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
Patten, M.L. and Newhart, M., 2017. Understanding research methods: An overview of
the essentials. Routledge.
Sharma, A., 2016. Managing diversity and equality in the workplace. Cogent Business &
Management. 3(1). p.1212682.
Tuffour, I., 2017. A critical overview of interpretative phenomenological analysis: a
contemporary qualitative research approach. Journal of Healthcare
Communications.2(4). p.52.
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APPENDIX
Questionnaire
Question.1 Do you think that you work with diverse work force?
6. Yes
7. No
Question 2. Does all employee are treated equally with in organization?
6. Yes
7. No
Question 3. Do the managers of organization provide equal opportunity to all employees?
1. Yes
2. No
Question 4. The response of organization is strict for any kind of discrimination on work
place?
1. Yes
2. No
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