Globalisation and its Impact on Global Health

This essay discusses the concept of globalisation and its impact on global health. It explores the positive and negative effects of globalisation on societies and individuals, including the reduction of trade barriers and the loss of jobs. The essay also highlights the major global health issues, such as pandemics, environmental factors, economic disparities, and non-communicable diseases. Additionally, it discusses the role of the World Health Organisation (WHO) in addressing these issues.

ESSAY
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Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY..................................................................................................................................3
Globalisation................................................................................................................................3
Public health................................................................................................................................4
Positive and negative impact of globalisation.............................................................................5
Global health issues.....................................................................................................................6
WHO............................................................................................................................................6
Problems arise due to globalisation.............................................................................................8
Global poverty.............................................................................................................................8
Global pattern..............................................................................................................................9
Model of globalisation.................................................................................................................9
Impact of globalisation on UK Economy..................................................................................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12
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“Globalisation is both the cause and the cure of global health problems. Critically evaluate
this claim using theory, research and evidence”
INTRODUCTION
Globalisation is also called as economic process which is regarded as integration and
interaction of different goods, service, products, technology among each other (Boyden, 2015).
This is rising day by day due to need and demand of people living at society or environment
place. It has provide both positive as well as negative impact to people, society, health,
organisation. It is very important for business to work as per current need and trends of market
and conduct activities and operations accordingly. Globalisation has health issues, problems,
pattern and transitions. This provide impact at national and international level by creating
employment opportunity, competition, rise in cost. Theory of infection model has applied to
know about communicable disease and ways to prevent them in most effective and efficient
manner. Economic process is regarded as both cause as well a cure of global health problems.
MAIN BODY
Globalisation
Globalisation is defined as spread of information, products, jobs, technology across
domestic as well as international cultures. This describes interdependence of nations across
global foster with help of free trade. It assist in raising living standard of poor along with
development of countries through providing employment opportunities, enhancement of goods &
services, modernization. Moreover, it is the procedure of integration as well as interaction
between companies, people and government of various states, process performed through
investment and international trade with help of information technology (What Is Globalization?,
2017). Such process has impact on environment on culture, human being, physical activities,
political system, economic development. This has provided different benefits to organisation,
country and people by creating employment opportunity, rise in electronic systems, derivates and
many more. These can be different types such as political, economic, social. This concept is not
new as people and corporation have buying from different countries. It is driven through policies
which has opened economies of both domestic and international market. Globalisation is
providing benefits to each and every countries, market, organisation, people in terms of creating
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employment opportunities, expanding business, fulfilling requirements of consumers in an
effective and efficient manner.
Public health
In addition to this, global health is the proper understanding of health care in
interdisciplinary as well as international aspects. This contains research, study and practice of
medicine by focusing on improving both health care equity as well as health for people at global
level (What is Global Health? The 6 Biggest Issues You Need to Know About, 2020). This take
initiatives and consider medical as well as non-medical disciplines like economic disparities,
cultural studies, sociology, public policy, epidemiology, environmental factors and other. The
different opportunities which are available to influence global health. There are passionate,
intelligent, motivated people working for solution in business to built idea about advancement of
global health. This plays an effective role in providing global security to people surviving at
marketplace. With rise in globalisation, there is enhancement in world as well as its economies
including advancement in travel and commerce. This is important to think about health at global
level. There is identification as well as control of rising infectious disease which assist in
promoting global health, prevention of spreading of disease at international level and protecting
health of different population of countries. Due to rise in globalisation, there is increase in death
rates from non-communicable such as stroke, heart disease, injuries are growing. In addition to
this, there is rise in death rates from infectious disease like vaccine preventable disease, malaria,
tuberculosis are decreasing. As expanding of international trade leads to introduce new health
risks. Apart from this, there are six global health issues which should be aware of such as
pandemics, environmental factors, political, non-communicable disease, economic disparities
and health of animal, food sourcing & supply. The world is facing various issues as well as
problems relating to health that range from outbreaks of various diseases that are vaccine
preventable, constantly increasing reports to various pathogens that are resistant to drugs,
physical inactivity and obesity. Not only this, there are various other problems like
environmental pollution, changes in climate across the globe etc. Also, the patterns of diseases in
the world are now transferring to non-communicable diseases. There is a continuous pattern to
issues that are as simple as air pollution and as complex as high-treat pathogens. Although, the
global health conditions have improved over the years, there are various new issues that have
come up due to various practices.
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Globalisation is rising day by day which impact upon societies and their health. This has
provided both positive as well as negative impact to societies and health. In context of people or
societies, there is movement of individual from one to another and there is growth in developing
world especially in terms of improving living standard of people. As there is rise in family
disruption, domestic and social violence. With the globalisation, there is increase in employment
opportunity for people that assist in improving living standard and adopt new trends for better
living and survival of their life.
Positive and negative impact of globalisation
Globalisation has both positive as well as negative impact to local culture and society.
Main pros are reduction of cost of goods and increased trade. In U.S, people can stop filling their
car by paying $2.50-$3.50 per gallon of gas and Walmart provide affordable clothing, food,
electronics for better experience (How Globalization Impacts Local Culture & Society, 2020).
There is also decline in cost of importing and exporting is made easy.
Positive impact of globalisation:
Reduction in trade barriers: Trade barriers has decline in terms of taxes, quotas, cost of
trade. This assist in making products to be purchase at affordable price. For example, Mexico,
Canada, U.S has made free trade agreement to enhance their business without no restrictions
making cheaper as well as easy for nations to participate at global trade and commerce.
Therefore, this leads to reduce cost of goods and services for people.
Cross culture benefits: In addition to this, other pros of globalisation is rise in cultural
understanding. The people can increased communication with help of internet in order to
improve connection with human (Cabello and et. al., 2016). When people google about culture of
any country they get option to know about other nation too for developing culture with help of
internet and enlargement of opportunities for global level.
Negative impact of globalisation:
Similarly, on other hand, cons of globalisation that impact society as well people is loss of
labour in which people lost their jobs due to economic process at marketplace.
Loss of job due to machinery based working: With globalisation, there is increase in
different machinery and equipment for performing work to attain goal and objectives. This leads
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general people to loss their jobs from market place. If individual is highly skilled and experience
then they have chances to survive at organisation.
Transmission of disease: Other cons which can be caused due to globalisation is
transmission of disease as people travel from one place to another for seek of their business. This
can leads to transfer diseases from one location to another. For example, recently China is facing
Corona Virus Disease which has transferred to different countries and location as Chinese people
travel from one place to another for business, travel purposes. These all are main cons of
globalisation which impact their people, society and culture.
Globalisation has both positive as well as negative impact, like for individuals, it impacts
their quality of life as well as standard of living. Whereas on a larger level, it can impact the
product's life cycle as well as a company's overall financial performance. Besides this, it also
significantly impacts societies as well as their health significantly. It has helped in creating a
labour market that is flexible and has also now, societies have an access to the latest technology
and they can work across different regions of the world easily. Thus, the overall impact of
globalisation on different societies as well as their health has been positive.
Globalisation is has considerably increased in the recent years and has parallelly impacted the
health of societies across the world. The impact has been complex as the number of infections
spreading across the world has increased which has become a threat to people across borders.
There are various programs that are run across the world to ensure the safety of individuals as
well as societies from various health issues (Globalization and health: great possibilities, great
concerns, 2020). For example the global transportation system as well as communications has
made it easier to respond to various health hazards that can impact the global economy etc.
Global health issues
Moreover, globalisation has also impact on health of people living at society. This leads
to rise in internationalisation of health risks (Eriksen, 2018). Term has dimension with
technological, social, political, cultural, scientific, economic aspects. As globalisation and health
are connected to each other.
WHO
This has consequences on whole population, healthcare delivery system. According to
World Health Organisation (WHO), it is estimated that death from tobacco reached to 10 million
a year in next twenty years. Here, 70% death has caused through lung cancer, diabetes and others
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will take place at developing nations. Therefore, such countries are high risk as developed and
industrialised countries has ban advertisement of cigarette and targeted people living at poor
countries as their potential buyers. This leads to high smoking among children as well as
adolescents that distribute to low age of initiation. On other hand, alcohol consumption is other
problem which has raised due to globalisation that has created health risks. According to WHO,
by end of 2020, non transferable diseases like diabetes, CVD, cancer, obesity will leads to cause
two third of global disease. This will impact health of problem and causes several diseases to
them. Therefore, in this way, globalisation has impacted health of people by rising different
diseases.
With enhancement of globalisation, there is increase in global health issues, problems,
patterns and transitions (Hanefeld, 2015). This impact individual as well as people health. Some
of the global health issues can be pandemics, environmental factors, economic disparities &
access to health care, political factors, non-communicable diseases and animal health, food
sourcing and supply. The first global health issue is pandemic which means international disease
outbreaks. For instance, HIV, Ebola, influenza, Severe Acute Respiratory System (SARS) and
many more which threat and widespread diseases. Each year, there is rise in new pandemic
threats which cannot be solved and symptoms are diagnosed after they have occurred to
individuals are infected. Such issues should be cut off at particular source through addressing
significant areas such as agricultural practices, health education and issues causing viruses to
spread. Another global health issue is environmental factors which leads to grow in air pollution
and climate change. The health is impacted through sanitation as well as water sources.
Whenever survival needs are impacted through droughts, air pollution, storms, disease then it
effect large group of people. Immediate solution can be related with providing of bottled water,
education, sanitation technology. As global health should focus on preventing environmental
challenges taken place. Different legislation followed in China, US, European country has
regulated individual household energy as well as regulate current vehicle. Thus, in order to
reduce the overall impact of globalisation on global health, it is important to respond to the
situation by adopting various measures. This will help in reducing the number of deaths that have
been caused by various health hazards. Also, now health systems like various medical tool kits,
medical radiology as well as medical diagnostics etc. can be provided across national borders.
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Various hospitals have been established that can help in preventing as well as curing various
health problems that are caused by issues like polluted air, water etc.
Other global issues
Moreover, other global health issue is Economic Disparities and Access to Health Care.
With progress in medicine field, communication across nation lack to provide health care and
education to people (Hawkey, 2015). This leads them to face STDs, basic nutrition, high rate of
child mortality. Such issues can be reduced through disparities which isolate people. The other
economic disparities is related to geography which is facing shortage of physicians, income
inequality where poor people cannot afford health care services. For solving these challenges,
health professionals has to grab opportunities in order to uplift communities at public health,
introducing policies to reduce barriers. Political factor is also global health issue where conflicts
among nations leads to destroy infrastructure for water, wastage, sanitation. It creates dangerous
situation for well being and people. Also migration of refugee leads to spread in illness along
with this, WHO focus to improve their health through organising efforts across nations. Non-
communicable disease (NCD) is also major global health issue. This includes stroke, diabetes,
heart disease, cancer that account 70% of death at global level. It attribute to physiological,
behavioural, genetic and environmental factors. In this issue, education plays an effective role as
it assist to understand people and changing their lifestyle like inactivity, poor diets, using of
tobacco. There should be proper relationship among income level as well as prevalence of
disease. NCD leads to death nearly three quarters that occur at middle and low income countries.
Therefore, these are major global health issues faced by people, countries who are operating their
business at marketplace.
Causes of globalisation
Globalisation has leads to rise in global problems in order to achieve goal and objectives
of people, society, organisation. There are different problem which arise due to globalisation. It
can be energy & environmental security, conflict & poverty, competing in era of globalisation,
global imbalances, rise of new powers, global corporation and others (Top Ten Global Economic
Challenges: An Assessment of Global Risks and Priorities, 2020). These all problems arise due
to increase globalisation at market place. People are facing problem of energy and environmental
security as large number of individual comes from different places to operate and run business
for which they destroy environment and create issues for healthy survival and living. When
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business conduct their activities and operation then there is high chances for conflict among each
other. As people from different parts of world comes together for doing business.
Global poverty: Globalisation leads to create poverty as it snatches employment from
large number of people that assist in saving cost for business. Each and every organisation has to
conduct their business in global market which leads to rise several issues and problem for
attainment of goal and objectives. Therefore, these are the major problem which rise due to
globalisation and impact on business, organisation. Therefore, the report concludes that
globalisation has caused both positive as well as negative impacts on different societies of the
world as well as their overall health. The environment is also impacted in some or the other way
as there are constant changes occurring across the world. Due to this, the economic growth is
also affected which can further lead to many consequences. There are various risks associated
with the same like the risk of getting infected by viruses that are resistant to different drugs etc.
Some of the issues as poverty can be resolved by the effectiveness of globalisation. New and
emerging companies in the market provide opportunities to those who are skilled in order to
resolve the issue of poverty.
Food supply: Food supply is no longer a big issue in different as various companies buy
several food items from various countries in order to provide quality services to customers.
Global pattern
Global pattern is defined as proper structure of global system that impact business. There
is pattern for globalised as well as less globalised places. In order to study patterns of
globalisation, there is use of KOF Index that is produced by The Swiss Institute for Business
Cycle Research. As per KOF in 2014, Netherland, Belgium and Ireland were most globalised
states (Patterns of Globalised and less Globalised Places, 2018). There is use of complex
methodology that focus on informing all types of report. Score is given from analysis of different
range of data that consists of ranking countries as per core set of indicators. This includes
political, social and economic involvement globally. Apart from this, alternative approach for
studying of geographies of globalisation is analysing world maps that represent distribution of
specified globalised activity. It has some finding which includes professional occupations in
terms of high income, research and development. Increase in skilled scientists leads to emerge
economies of China, India and so on. Also poorly unskilled wages leads to decline in wealth of
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country. For example, China is globalised for employment as well as trade patterns, as citizens of
that countries does not participate in social media and experience shallow culture globalisation.
Model of globalisation
It is very important to understand global health issues which is caused due to several
aspects. In context of globalisation, it is essential to understand chain of infection model. This is
defined as model which focus on explaining spread of communicable disease from one
individual to another (Passas, 2017). This represents that chain of infection can be easily broken
at any point of time and spreading of disease can be stopped. There are different component of
model such as communicable disease, portal of exit, human reservoir, transmission and portal of
entry. All these elements should be studied in proper manner by using preventive measures.
Here, communicable disease is caused through infectious agents which can be prevented through
chlorination, hand washing, pasteurization, antibiotics, disinfectants. Other component human
reservoir is defined as person who is harbouring infectious agent that is prevented by using
different measures like isolation, treatment with medication, surveillance and others. Third
element is portal of exit which means part of body through that infection person is exit from
reservoir. The preventive measure for such elements are utilisation of handkerchiefs, hair nets,
hand washing, condoms, insect repellents and many more. Transmission is the element in which
there is spread of infectious from reservoir to host. For this, preventive measures can be hand
washing, sexual abstinence, isolation, mosquito control, condom users and others. Portal of entry
is also the element in which infected agent will enter into new host example can be mosquito
bite. This is prevented with use of condoms, hand washing, hair nets, insect repellents.
Globalisation has enhance both interdependence as well as integration of global
economy. This will increase in trade, movement of people, capital from one place to another.
Benefits of globalisation includes lower prices, economies of scale and greater competition
(Effects of Globalisation on the UK Economy, 2020).
Impact of globalisation on UK Economy
Globalisation has impact on UK economy in different aspects like increased trade, greater
import choices, increasing competition/lower prices, lowering cost for firms, global economic
cycle, migration, tax avoidance, environment, growing inequality. Economic process has
increased trade at UK that provide benefits to gain competitive advantages. For example, UK is
good in providing financial service, nuclear power, video gaming. This has increased choices for
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consumer goods. For instance, food importing leads to provide option for vegetable and fruits.
Moreover, globalisation has leads domestic market to face global competition.
This assist in lowering prices for customers for food, clothing and electronic items
(Ramsfield and et. al., 2016). This made easy to outsource different production process to other
countries by providing at lower labour cost. Business can apply technology in order to do
interaction with individual surviving at global market which leads to decline in prices as well as
cost. Outsourcing decrease job loss for domestic people as well as lowering service quality. In
addition to this, globalisation has made easy for people to migrate and work in any place of the
world. Free movement of people assist in filling job vacancies of UK business. For example,
NHS as well as fruit picking often faced problem of labour shortage. The global economic cycle
leads to affect UK. For instance, if there is recession in US, EU then it affect UK market as they
rely on EU, US for exporting several goods.
In context of global health issues, both national as well as global responses are required
for attainment of positive outcomes. This leads to make proper plan and policies to enhance
health of people in an effective manner. Domestic and global agency provide guideline to
organisation to adopt new methods and technology for improving issues related to global health
(Rinella and Charlton, 2016). It has caused due to rise in globalisation where there is movement
of people from one place to another. As globalisation is regarded as cause as well as cure of
health problems. It is so because if one country or business find cure for disease then other will
effectively apply and get well. Globalisation has both positive as well as negative impact to
organisation, countries and people. For example, currently China is facing health problem related
with Corona Virus. As large number of people conduct business activities and operations at
China and other countries where they move from one place to another. This lead to create impact
on all places visited by people. Therefore, this virus has spread in all countries, so in this case if
any place find cure for respective disease then other can easily apply in their own place. Also,
assessing global health problems has become very important and there have been both national
as well as global responses to the same. Due to an increase in the number of deaths due to
various health problems like heart diseases, injuries etc., global as well as national response have
become important to address these issues. This is because if there is no response, it will impact
the political instability as well as insecurity worldwide.
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CONCLUSION
The report concluded that globalisation is process to identify relationship among people to
deal at domestic and international market by providing services, products and other to customers.
This is essential to understand pros and cons of economic process in order to accomplish set
outcomes. It has created employment opportunities for people to enhance their living standard of
people and earn high profit margin. This has leads to rise in different diseases, health problems
due to migration of people from one place to another for purpose of doing business in several
locations. Different measures has been taken to diminish negative impact of globalisation from
marketplace in order to attain business goal as well as objectives in diligent manner. This will
help in addressing the various issues as well as problems that are associated with globalisation
and thereby find their solution as well as reduce any further impact.
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