Essay- Alcohol misuse
10 Pages3556 Words207 Views
Added on 2019-12-04
Essay- Alcohol misuse
Added on 2019-12-04
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Alcohol
Alcohol misuse can be defined as an excessive consumption of alcohol on the daily basismore than lower risk limits of alcohol intake. Over alcoholism puts individuals at high risk interms of health hazards (Swartz and et.al., 2014). The present essay explores the key issuesrelated to alcohol misuse. It also studies the trends of psychoactive substances at national andglobal level. In addition to this, the essay discusses several reasons that trigger alcohol abuseamong individuals and features the impact of over consumption on individuals as well as society.Besides this, it also elaborates the concepts of alcohol misuse and various theoreticalperspectives related to the topic. Apart from this, essay covers the pharmacodyanamic andpharmacokinetic characteristics of over alcoholism in the context of UK. It has been observed that high intake of alcohol leads to serious health consequences inUK. According to statistical data, approximately 6490 deaths occurred in England due to overalcoholism. After obesity and smoking, misuse of alcohol is considered as the biggest risk factorfor long term diseases and death in UK (Barrowclough and et.al., 2014). Therefore, it isestimated that alcohol has 10 percent of total burden of death and diseases in the UK. In additionto this, statistics of 2013-14 indicate that there were 10,59,210 hospital admissions due to alcoholrelated diseases, injuries and conditions in the UK (Patterson and Jeste, 2014). Alcohol has been playing a central role in all human cultures and civilizations since 4000BC. It has been widely used by all societies of the globe and its effects have been present inhuman civilizations throughout history (Monti and et.al., 2012). There are various evidences thatexplain that development of agriculture gave rise to human evolution and civilization. It can beelaborated that cultivation of grains was done not only for growing food but also for brewingpurposes to manufacture beer and other alcoholic beverages. It has been evident that everyhuman civilization has explored different processes to manufacture beer and wine. From theancient records of alcohol usage, cultural drinking has been a social activity (Hasin and et.al.,2012)). This culture can be referred to customs and activities related to consumption of alcoholicbeverages during various occasions. There are various types of drinking that prevail in human
societies. These include Social, Binge, Speed drinking and Session. Social drinking is practicedamong individuals in a casual manner without the intention of getting drunk (Alterman, 2014).People have been celebrating good news by having few drinks among groups or in socialgatherings since historic times. Session drinking is associated with the consumption of largeamount of alcohol during a session or social occasion without getting heavily intoxicated. Bingedrinking can be defined as drinking excess of alcohol. It is a pattern of consuming alcohol thatelevates the concentration of blood alcohol above a recommended limit (Baethge and et.al.,2014). Alcohol has been used as a powerful symbolic tool in almost all societies of the world tomanipulate cultural and social facets. There are four symbolic uses of alcohol within societiesthat are explored in various cross cultural studies. First symbolic use is as an indicator of socialstatus among individuals. Second is as a label that outlines the nature of social scenarios oroccasions (DeWit and et.al., 2014). Third use is as a statement of association and the fourth useis to differentiate gender. There is historic evidence that shows that adoption of foreign alcoholicbeverages also entails the adaptation of drinking attitude and patterns within a society. There iscross cultural variation in the manner individuals behave when they consume alcohol (Humeniukand et.al. 2012). For example: in UK culture, alcohol consumption is often associated withaggressive and anti-social behavior whereas in Mediterranean culture, drinking activity isconsidered as not against the traditional norms. Attributes of variation do not rely on geneticdifferences but are largely associated with different cultural opinions about alcohol andexpectancy related to its implications as well as social norms related to over alcoholism (Ernstand et.al., 2014). It has been analyzed in cross cultural studies that alcohol consumption is a normgoverned activity in all the cultures. Drinking is often hedged by norms and regulations whichare self-imposed on individuals. Analysis of cross cultural studies discovers that there are severaluniversal constants that regulate drinking behavior within global societies (Connors and et.al.,2012). These include norms related to solitary drinking, restriction to alcohol consumption onwomen and children, social control on drinking behavior etc. It has been revealed in severalresearch studies that these self-imposed norms on alcohol consumption customs largely influenceintake and behavior rather than legal and political control. However, there are no proper
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