Impacts of Social Exclusion and Poverty on Germany and UK

This report explores the impacts of social exclusion and poverty on Germany and the UK, including reduced employment rates, living standards, and weak economies. It discusses the reasons for migration, the effects of poverty on social exclusion, and the challenges faced by both countries. The report concludes with recommendations for flexible regulations and policies to address these issues.

Essay on Human
Geography

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................7

INTRODUCTION
In whole world different countries are existing where people are residing and spending
their life by working and managing the activities. A person who moves away from its usual
residence to across the country or international border permanently is known as migrants. For
migrating people should have valid reason as they comes in another country for employment,
living, study and other purpose that give permission to move (Andersen, 2019). Poverty is the
state of not having enough material possessions or income for person's basic needs. This many
include economic, social, and political elements that can fill the demand of people. It has been
seen that poverty is the situation that affected the European country by reducing employment
rate, and low position in comparison to others. The present report is about impacts of social
exclusion and poverty on Germany and UK as it reduced the employment rate, living standard of
people and make weak economy. This report will help to understand that how it affects
negatively and could be control in future.
MAIN BODY
Migration and refugee is defined as policy and regulation that creates the political issue in
western Europe today. When people moves from one country to another then it is required to
follow different regulations and policies that can help to complete the purpose. Migration is the
process of permanent or semi permanent change of residence of individual or group of people
could be within or across the borders. This being very important to Europe's economical &social
development as needs for labour in post war recovery, and substantial input of migrant workers
in to establishment of peace & prosperity in European country. The contemporary migration
trend involves globalisation, acceleration, differentiation, feminization and others that can help to
develop the understanding and people make decision to leave the country. In Germany, poverty
is increasing day by day where people wants to migrants as there is limited scope to build career
and spending the life (Backeberg and Tholen, 2018). The data states approximately 1,543,800
people are immigrants that means people who become resident or citizen of another country. The
country has 80.3 million people resident out of them 15.96 million is the entire population. In the
year 2005, in comparison 17.9% people is having migration background. Social exclusion can be
defined as mixture of mutually and multidimensional reinforces process of deprivation from
social mileu. The reason of migration is incessant wars, famines, religious conflicts, lack of
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prospectus, political grievance and others that force the people to leave the Germany. In last two
years, European media has been saturates with images and commentary related issues that should
be solve and properly managed. The poverty of Germany affects the social exclusion due to lack
of resources, rights, goods & services and inability to participate in normal relationship. In this
country different culture, tradition,and values people are living where it is important to fill their
wants and needs that encourage them to live continuously. The people are facing the problem of
unemployment, discrimination, health and safety where decision to leave is taken by people and
it affected the economy negatively (Bernard, 2019).
In the final stage of World War II and due to displacement and deportation,
approximately 8 million refugees and people displaced because of the war arrived in Western
occupied zones. The economic boom of post war era, economic miracle has increased the need
of labour as there shortage of people started. Other than this, there has been registration of
refugees and asylum seekers protect the person who are politically persecuted in origin of
country. Irregular migration mainly refers to cross border flow of people which enter a country
without legal permission that has created the problem of exclusion from society or country. The
main causes of migration to Europe is important to recognise that people's reason for migrating
might be same as they have legal rights. In Germany there is not enough financial resources,
restriction on trade, high tax rates and study is considered as main purpose of people to leave the
country as it affected the economy negatively. As Pandemic has occurred in whole country out of
them Germany is affected badly because death rates increased day by day that also became a
reason of migration in which people wants to move from country in another (Brown and
Crompton, 2018).
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Illustration 1: Increasing poverty and social exclusion in residing country, 2021.
Source: Increasing poverty and social exclusion in residing country, 2021
As shown in statics number of European countries has given the asylum application
because of increasing poverty and social exclusion in their residing country. The Germany is top
country that needed asylum application to develop increase the population and increasing
residing people. The poverty and social exclusion in EU affected by gender gaps, level of
activity limitation, by age group, by education, by country birth, degree of urbanisation and
education that reduced the population and created the problem in running the economy
(Increasing poverty and social exclusion in residing country, 2021). The main target of Germany
Government is to lift atleast 20 million people out of risk of poverty and social exclusion. There
are different groups such as unemployed, lone parents, young adults, retired people and minority
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ethic groups at greatest risk of poverty and social exclusion that created the problem in operation.
The poverty percentage in Germany between age group is different as less than 16 years 17.2,
from 16 to 24 it 19.1, and between the age of 25 to 49 14.1 that shows there is high rate of
property which develop the understanding of people to get migration and live their life (Dawson,
2018).
For any country poverty is serious problem which has created the issues for people that
how they live their normal life. UK is another country of EU that faced the problem of social
exclusion and high poverty rate. It has been seen that by the end of 19th century more than 25%
of population was living below required level due to low wages. Only 75 % of population had
enough money to fill needs such as food, clothes, fuel and rent as their income level is good. On
the other side, millions of population lived in terrible situation like as badly built houses and
damp that affected the economy of UK negatively. The government of UK is not stable where
rules and regulation are changing that impacts on living standard of people. Herein, diseases are
also leading due to unemployment and low wages of labour. After the long period, government
of UK has changed the policies in which poor or unemployed people supported by poor law
administration. Brexit is the situation which occurred between EU and UK impacted on livings
and economy of country. The meaning of this, Britain exist from European country due to which
all businesses being affected badly. The government of UK refuse to follow the regulation of EU
in relation to trading, tax rates, fiscal policy and other that has created the problem for businesses
who were established in other across the border as they withdrawn. The major part of UK's
business established in EU where it became difficult for country to follow the new regulation and
pay more extra resulting these businesses stopped to continue their activities. Due to Brexit
employment rate has been decreased and people faced the problem to live their daily life. This
situation has lead afraid of the free movement of immigrants and refugees, claiming in the
process that resident of poor country getting job benefits. The population who residing in UK is
required to follow the regulation that are made by government which can help to develop own
career as well as economical improvement (Impact of poverty and social exclusion on UK, 2021)
Traditionally work is considered as best route out of poverty in which people works with old and
traditional method as they are experienced. In past time, the competition was not so high so all
working was running good but after Brexit and changing government regulation it became
challenging for country to develop the economical condition and people were taking decision of
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migrating. In current time, the certainty of this pathway increased challenges where 450,000
children in London are in poverty despite living in household where someone is working
(Galvin, 2019).
The another situation occurred in whole world is Covid attack which is also becoming
causes of migration. The data and analysis tells approximately 700,000 people in UK, involving
120,000 children, have been plunged in to poverty due to Pandemic that lead economic crisis.
This pushed the total number of people in UK living in poverty to more than 15 million. Due to
pandemic, government of UK announcement of lock down in which all businesses being
stopped. This has been created the problem of economical crisis and low income level of people.
In this people felt unable to serve in country and decided to move in another country. The small
business supported the country to maintain the balance between each activity and develop the
performance. According to year 2018-19, 11 million people were relatively low income that
means country is leading of poverty. This country is highly populated and educated country but
job opportunities are less and people who wants to work does not get desire jobs that is creating
the migration. The develop the understanding of people that by moving in other country they
would get good and various job opportunities that will help to build their career and managing all
activities. The another reason of poverty in UK is lack of resources, high tax rate and increases
the price of products and service which reduced the economical condition of country (Notten and
Guio, 2019).
To overcome the challenges of poverty and social exclusion government of UK and
Germany should be formulate flexible regulation, understand the problem and needs to provide
trade support that can help to bring the improvements continuously. There should not be any
discrimination between people's culture who are residing in the country. The government should
generate the employment opportunities and also need to fix the labour wages which can help to
provide the fully satisfaction and supports to stop the procedure of migration (Szeles, 2018).
Germany is well known for its comprehensive system where it needs to commit the protection of
people, providing good life and developing the job option which can help to make the strong
economy. This is important for government to analyse the functions and formulate regulation
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which are welfare of society and poor people as it can help to increase the living standard of
people and give contribution to make strong economy.
CONCLUSION
From the report it can be concluded that human geography is the branch of geography
that is connected with human and their relationship with culture, communities, economies and
other interaction that has impacts within or across the location. When people are unable to
complete their basic needs and not living by maintaining standard then considered in poverty
line. Social exclusion is the situation in which people are eliminated from their main country due
to low income level, changing culture, gaps in education, religion and others that affected the
country negatively. The Government is playing an important role in all activities as it formulate
the tighten policies in relation to trade and increase the inflation rate that has created the
challenge for normal people to fill their demand and get opportunities that lead migration. In
countries people make decision to migrate from one country to another in expectation to
improving their daily life. To reduce the negative impacts government should be follow flexible
regulations and policies which can provide the good results by retaining people and developing
country.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journal
Andersen, H. T., 2019. Governing European Cities: Social Fragmentation, Social Exclusion and
Urban. Routledge.
Ther, P. (2016) Europe since 1989: A history. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Backeberg, L. and Tholen, J., 2018. The frustrated generation youth exclusion in Arab
Mediterranean societies. Journal of Youth Studies. 21(4). pp.513-532.
Bale, T. (2008) ‘Europe - A continent in the making’, in: European politics: a
comparative introduction. Basingstoke: Palgrave, pp. 7-23.
Kaelble, H. (2013) A Social history of Europe, 1945-2000. New York: Berghahn Books.
Leonard D & Taylor R (2016) The Routledge Guide to the European Union, Routledge.
Bernard, J., 2019. Where have all the rural poor gone? Explaining the rural–urban poverty gap in
European countries. Sociologia Ruralis. 59(3). pp.369-392.
Brown, P. J. and Crompton, R. eds., 2018. Economic restructuring and social exclusion (Vol.
19). Routledge.
Dawson, M., 2018. New governance and the displacement of Social Europe: the case of the
European Semester. European Constitutional Law Review. 14(1). pp.191-209.
Galvin, R., 2019. Letting the Gini out of the fuel poverty bottle? Correlating cold homes and
income inequality in European Union countries. Energy Research & Social Science. 58.
p.101255.
Notten, G. and Guio, A. C., 2019. The impact of social transfers on income poverty and material
deprivation. In Decent Incomes for All. Improving Policies in Europe (pp. 85-107).
Oxford University Press.
Szeles, M. R., 2018. New insights from a multilevel approach to the regional digital divide in the
European Union. Telecommunications Policy. 42(6). pp.452-463.
Online
Impact of poverty and social exclusion on UK. 2021. [Online]. Available through:
<https://www.theguardian.com/society/2020/nov/30/almost-700000-driven-poverty-
covid-crisis-uk-study>
Increasing poverty and social exclusion in residing country. 2021. [Online]. Available through:
<https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-44660699>
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