Essay on Female Genital Mutilation

ESSAY

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3
Honour based violence-...............................................................................................................3
Concept and risk factors of female Genital mutilation-...................................................................4
-Causes of female Genital mutilation.........................................................................................4
CONLCUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Female genitalia mutilation is known as cutting or removal or some of the external
female genital organs without any medical reason.. It is an internationally recognized as violation
of the human right of girls and women which show deep rooted difference between the sexes.
This FGM is carried out on minors and it is violation of the right of children. There are different
type of female genital mutilation. There are different reason families and communities have for
performing such kind of practices. On the other hand Honour based violence is known as crime
and incident which may be committed for protecting and defending the community. Further it
can be defined as cultural justification for violation and abuse. Further this honour based
violence cuts across the culture, communities. In present report honour based violence is
explained. Along with this, Concept and risk factors of female Genital mutilation is discussed. In
addition to this,
Honour based violence-
Honour based violence is basically associated with cultures and communities from Asia,
Africa and middle east (Abdulcadir, Catania and Abdulcadir, 2016.). Further it is also known
domestic abuse issue and a crime. Honour is important for individual life and people in all
communities and societies. There are some common fact which lead to damage honour that is
dress, behavior, attitude and sexual relationship before marriage. There are some consequence of
damage honour. For instance exclusion by family and honour in which individual who find out
have dishounr themselves of its families ignored and other community member opposed that
individual. Further their children are also rejected from school and by their fellow member.
Mainly the honour based violence is carried out by family members in which they take step of
Female genitalia mutilation to control sexuality (Control over Female Sexuality. 2017).
Community and religious leader also involved in such type of practices. For instance, Honour
based violence can be committed against the following people.
 With those who are involved with a girlfriend or boyfriend of different culture or caste.
 Have adopted those Western dress which is different from their cultural.
 If any female want to escape from the forced or arranged marriage.
One of the most common victim of Honour based violence are women and girls. Further it can
affect both men and women (Berg, Odgaard-Jensen and Vist, 2016.). There are some crimes

which are committed in hounour are such as disfigurement, versions of sati, rape, Female
genitalia mutilation and forced marriage. There are some extreme cases in which people are
killed for there dishonorable. On the other side it can be state that honor based crime not
involved such factors that are as follow:
Written or verbal threats
psychological abuse
Abusive emails or calls.
Furthermore, victim is also casted out from their family and they get no support from
their family member (Toubia, Abouzeid and Sharief, 2016). As according to the culture it
teaches that victims that they cannot survive without their community and family. Apart from
this, basically people who are committed in Honour based violence are friends and family
member of same society.
CONCEPT AND RISK FACTORS OF FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION-
-Causes of female Genital mutilation
There are different reason family, community have for performing Female genitalia
mutilation. One of the major motivation factor for this type of practices is to make sure that girl
conforms to key social norms mainly those who are committed with sexual restraint,
respectability and femininity (Toubia, Abouzeid and Sharief, 2016). Generally people who are
responsible for such Female genitalia mutilation of girls are their family members. For some
family it is usually performed by traditional female exercises. Further Female genitalia
mutilation is practices in basically 27 countries such Africa , Asia and Middle east.
There are some consequence of female genital mutilation that are as follows
Health consequence: Female genitalia mutilation has no health benefit but it impacts health of
girls and women. It includes mainly damaging and removing of genital tissues which impact
natural function of girls and women bodies (Berg, Odgaard-Jensen and Vist, 2016). According
to the traditional method it includes different tools which is used for performing Female genitalia
mutilation, such as knives, razor blades. Further there are much health care professionals who
used surgical scissor for Female genitalia mutilation which lead to bleeding and pain and
generally line with risk.