Analysis of Research Proposal on Indigenous Mental Health Strategies
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This essay critically analyzes a research proposal on indigenous mental health strategies, examining the methodology, strengths and weaknesses, and ethical integrity. Suggestions for strengthening the proposal are also provided.
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Table of Contents Introduction......................................................................................................................................3 Overview of qualitative and quantitative methodologies, along with their inherent strengths and weaknesses.......................................................................................................................................3 Analysis of the research proposal....................................................................................................6 Evaluation of the ethical integrity of the proposed research...........................................................7 Ways in which the research proposal could be strengthened..........................................................9 Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................9 References......................................................................................................................................10
Introduction The assignment will provide the opportunity to critically analyze the research proposal from the viewpointofinvestigationofindigenousmentalhealthstrategies.Thesuitabilityofthe methodology planned in the research will be analyzed by the review of strengths and weaknesses of qualitative as well as quantitative methodologies. Along with it, the ethical integrity of the planned research will also be critically evaluated in accordance to which, suggestions will be made to make developments in the research proposal considering the ”NHMRC National Statement on Ethical Conduct in Human Research and the Ethical Guidelines”including “Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples”. Overview of qualitative and quantitative methodologies, along with their inherent strengths and weaknesses Quantitative and qualitative research are generally different from each other at fundamental level, however, the objectives of both the methodologies as well as their uses intersect in number of ways. The aim of quantitative research is to quantify the data and enables the simplification of outcomes from a sample size from a group or population. On the other hand, qualitative research is considered to be as predominantly suitable for attainment of in-depth accepting of fundamental explanations and inspirations behind it. It also offers understandings regarding the problem and frequently produces concepts and theories for the purpose of quantitative research. The major difference between both the research methodologies varies in data sampling, collection, and analysis as well as in conclusions(Atlasti, 2019).The data collection in quantitative research is not occasionally based on amorphous or semi-structured but methodologically supple methods which include interviews as well as group discussions suitable to draw in-depth details. On the
other hand, quantitative research utilizes highly organized and firm techniques which include online questionnaire as well as telephonic interviews. Quantitative research depends on answers to previously formulated questions while qualitative research enables boundless expressions from the respondents(Atlasti, 2019).Qualitative research is investigative in nature and findings are usually not decisive and cannot be used for generalization. However, it is essential in increasing deeper accepting of the thematic complexity. On the contrary, quantitative research is critical for achieving broader insights reliant on which, final decision could be recommended. The proposed research has utilized semi-structured interviews along with thematic analysis that is being piloted by researchers, in two remote communities situated in northern Queensland of Australia. The main purpose of the proposed research study is to investigate the perception of service provider health professionals and community members located across two remote communities, regarding depression and well-being. The proposed research has utilized semi- structured interviews which are generally conducted with open framework enabling focused, conversational and two-way communication. In order to conduct an effective semi-structured interview,thoughtfulplanningisrequired,whichincludesidentificationofrespondents, decisions regarding number of interviews and preparation of interviews and after conducting interviews, in-depth analysis is required. The strengths of semi-structured interviews are that it permits the interviewer to be prepared and appear competent during interviews. Such interviews permit the participants to express their views freely and provide reliable and comparable qualitative data(Madrigal & McClain, 2012). Such interviews encourages two-way communication and eases finding of reasons behind responses of participants as well. Along with it, sensitive issues might also be discussed at the time of interviews as field staff become acquainted with community members. So, strengths of
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semi-structured interviews include positive bond, high rationality, discussion of difficult issues, easyrecordingofinterviewsandpre-judgment(Atlasti,2019).Theweaknessesinclude requirement of effective interviewing skills. For the comparison of results, sufficient number of participants are required. It requires skills for the analysis of data, which can be a problem as it involves risk of construing too much. It consumes lot of time and resources and ensuring confidentiality of the participants is also essential(Keller & Conradin, 2018).The overall weaknesses of semi-structured interviews include reliance on skills of interviewer, unconscious signals, and time consumption, less reliability, difficulty in analyzing the data, difficulty in generalization of results and lack of validity(Sociology, 2019). Thematic analysis is also used in the process of classifying patterns or themes within qualitative data, which makes the process more flexible. The considerable advantage of this method is the diversity of work in learning as well as teaching. It is one of the most significant approaches in social sciences, because it provides clear and practical framework for the purpose of doing thematic analysis. The patterns found in the data could easily be utilized to address the research purpose. It includes summarizing of data and interpreting it in a more effective manner. In order to be effective in utilizing thematic analysis for research purpose, the researchers need to be efficient in handling complex data. It is one of the few weaknesses of thematic analysis as well that proficiency is required for review and defining of complex data(Maguire & Delahunt, 2017).It involves getting familiarized with the data, generating the initial codes and seeking thematic patterns in the available data, review and defining of themes, and interpreting the information in a desired manner.
Analysis of the research proposal The proposed research has utilized semi-structured interviews to conduct interview of the two remote communities of northern Queensland. The participants will be interviewed to identify the strengths as well as stressors in the remote indigenous communities. The perception of the community members as well as health professionals regarding the well-being will also be identified. The suggestions of participants will also be taken into consideration regarding how service providers might work effectively with the community members, whose emotional welfare is not ideal. Through semi-structured interviews, the participants could be asked questions in-depth and the reasons behind their responses could also be explored. The major requirement to conduct semi-structured interview will only be to prepare comprehensive and planned interview questions and excellence and proficiency is also required to analyze the data gathered from the participants. Another challenge will be to collect sufficient data to analyze so that answers to the questions could be received. Furthermore, the practice of thematic analysis in the process of research after conducting semi-structured interviews with the participating community members, will provide in-depth knowledge about the responses to the research questions. The utilization of thematic analysis for the research purpose will provide required information in a manner that thematic representation of the data and its interpretation, will provide the precise answers to the questions proposed in research. Therefore, it can be stated that the utilization of semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis, will be beneficial in the process of identifying the answers to the questions of research.
Evaluation of the ethical integrity of the proposed research The research integrity might be demarcated as active devotion to the ethical principles as well as professional standards needed for accountable research practice. It means that the researchers follow the principles and practices as their personal ideology and not merely accepting them as being imposed by the rule makers. The ethical principles comprises the golden rule, reliability, honesty, admiration for intellectual property, confidentiality, trustworthiness and such others (Korenman, 2019).Considering the significance of ethical compliance for the purpose of performingresearch,variousprofessionalassociationsandgovernmentagencieshave implemented specific codes, rules as well as policies associated with the ethics in research. For the purpose of proposed research, the ethical compliance has been demanded in accordance with the “NHMRC National Statement on Ethical Conduct in Human Research”and the “Ethical Guidelines involving Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples”(Resnik, 2015).As the researchers are conducting the research that involve Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, they are required to access and track the advice in the modern-day forms of “Ethical conduct in research with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples and communities: Guidelines for researchers and stakeholders”and “Keeping research on track II”along with the “Guidelines for Ethical Research in Australian Indigenous Studies”(GERAIS) created by the AustralianInstituteofAboriginalandTorresStraitIslanderStudies.Theseguidelines exemplifies the preeminent principles of ethical research and human rights and make attempt to confirm that research related to the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples is in line with significant commitment and interchange between the researcher as well as individuals and communities taken into consideration for the purpose of research.
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The strategies for the researchers as well as stakeholders are grounded on six core values that has been recognized as significant to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples. As there is huge diversity across many cultures and societies of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, they must regulate implementation of their core values along with other cultural and local language procedures(NHMRC, 2018).The six core values to be taken into consideration while conductingresearcharemutuality,admiration,equality,accountability,subsistenceand protection along with spirit and integrity. Not only this, the researcher should also get review report and approval by theHuman Research Ethics Committee(HREC). The process of HREC must include the assessment or advice from the people having network with the community and have knowledge of research with the community. The advice should also be taken from the people who are well aware with the culture and practices of the community so that the contribution of the participants could be made more effective. Considering ethical compliance with the provided guidelines, it has been found that the proposed research is being conducted concerning the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. So, there is requirement of strict compliance with the guidelines especially mentioned in the NHMRC guidelines. Through snowball sampling and purposive sampling, the participants for the research purpose have been targeted to be the health professionals, who are already working within the identified community. The data or information that will be collected from them could be considered as reliable as the participants are all adult having age of 18 years and above. Before selecting the participants for research purpose, they were asked to complete the consent form so that it could be identified if anyone of them might have been analyzed with any kind of mental health issues. Only the participants providing full consent for participation in research process, have been taken for research purpose. In addition to it, the privilege has been provided
to the participants that if at any point of time, they want to withdraw their consent to participate in the research, they are free to and they can provide it in writing to the nominated Department of the University to take their consent back from participating in the research. Furthermore, the confidentiality of the participants have been taken into consideration, where, interviews will be recorded and transliterated by the researchers and audio recordings of the interviews will be kept electronically stored with password protection. All the contributors have the choice if they prefer to interview individually or in group to maintain confidentiality. In this way, it has been realized that the proposed research is in compliance with the ethical considerations as designed for the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Ways in which the research proposal could be strengthened The research proposal could be supported by providing in-depth details about the semi-structured interviews and the thematic patterns in which the questions asked from the participants will be kept. Furthermore, it has also been realized that there is no information about the review and approval by the HREC has been taken or not with the advice of relevant authority. So, it should also be mentioned in the proposal that the research is being performed after review and approval by the related authority for ethical compliance. Lastly, the required number of participants for research purpose has also not been mentioned in the research. It should also be made clear in the proposal to make it more effective. Conclusion After critically analyzing the research proposal for its methodological effectiveness and ethical compliance, it has been identified that the research proposed has utilized semi-structured
interviews and thematic analysis of the gathered information, which has been considered as highly credible to conduct research studies related to social sciences. In addition, the ethical consideration of the research has also been proved. There are certain points that are required to be taken into consideration, which will strengthen the effectiveness of research proposal. If these suggestions are applied to the research proposal, it will become an excellent research proposal. References Atlasti.(2019).QualitativeandQuantitativeResearch.RetrievedfromAtlasti.com: https://atlasti.com/quantitative-vs-qualitative-research/ Keller, S., & Conradin, K. (2018).Semi-Structured Interviews. Retrieved from sswm.info: https://sswm.info/planning-and-programming/decision-making/gathering-ideas/semi- structured-interviews Korenman,S.G.(2019).ResearchIntegrity.Retrievedfromori.hhs.gov: https://ori.hhs.gov/education/products/ucla/chapter1/page02.htm Madrigal, D., & McClain, B. (2012).Strengths and Weaknesses of Quantitative and Qualitative Research.Retrievedfromuxmatters.com: https://www.uxmatters.com/mt/archives/2012/09/strengths-and-weaknesses-of- quantitative-and-qualitative-research.php Maguire, M., & Delahunt, B. (2017). Doing a Thematic Analysis: A Practical, Step-by-Step Guide for Learning and Teaching Scholars.AISHE-J, 3, 3351-3365. NHMRC. (2018).National Statement on Ethical Conduct in Human Research (2007) - Updated 2018.Retrievedfromnhmrc.gov.au:
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https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/about-us/publications/national-statement-ethical-conduct- human-research-2007-updated-2018#toc__1428 Resnik, D. B. (2015).What is Ethics in Research & Why is it Important?Retrieved from niehs.nih.gov: https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/bioethics/whatis/index.cfm Sociology. (2019).Focused (Semi-structured) Interviews.Retrieved from Sociology.org.uk: http://www.sociology.org.uk/notes/methfi.pdf