Enforce the Order: A Case Study on Ethical Theories
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This paper analyzes the news article 'Enforce the Order' using ethical theories such as utilitarianism, deontology, virtue, and contract theory. It discusses the violations related to Facebook practices and the FTC's actions. The paper concludes that the FTC needs to take appropriate actions to resolve ethical issues.
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Running head: ETHICAL THEORY Case Study: Enforce the Order Name of the student Name of the University Author’s Note
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1 ETHICAL THEORY Table of Contents 1.Introduction.........................................................................................................................2 2.Utilitarianism theory...........................................................................................................2 3.Deontology theory..............................................................................................................3 4.Virtue theory.......................................................................................................................3 5.Contract theory...................................................................................................................4 6.Conclusion..........................................................................................................................4 Bibliography...............................................................................................................................6
2 ETHICAL THEORY 1.Introduction The paper mainly reflects on one of the news article “Enforce the Order”. It is found that on 26thMarch 2018, it was announced by the federal trade commission that investigation related with the Facebook practices will be reopened including the Cambridge analytical breach. (FTC: Enforce the Order, 2019).The announcement was generally made because of the number of violations. It is found that the paper utilizes ethical theories including virtue, contract, deontology as well as utilitarianism in order to review the entire scenario as per the ethical theories. 2.Utilitarianism theory According toFaulhaber et al.(2019) utilitarianism is mainly defined as the normative theory that is associated with ethics and which generally places the locus of the entire right as well as wrong as per the result of selecting a particular action over the other actions which are mainly present. It is found that the since the year 2011, a number of violations generally occurs including the Cambridge Analytical breach. In addition to this, there are a number of complaints against ignoring the setting related with privacy, users tracking, marketing to children and more (Liu, Schuckert & Law, 2018).In one of the recent study it is reflected that 80% of the users of social media are generally concerned about the businesses as well as advertisers who will access their data while 64% said that the government must take proper action in order to properly regulate the social media related companies (FTC: Enforce the Order, 2019).It is analyzed that the FTC has generally not taken any step in order to stop this type of issues and the actions that are taken by the FTC again the violations are not considered ethical as they have not taken a single step for reducing the issues.
3 ETHICAL THEORY 3.Deontology theory Deontology is mainly defined as one of the normative ethical theories on which the entire morality of the action must be properly based whether the undertaken action will be right or wrong under the various series of rules that is rather dependent on the consequences (Sacco et al., 2017).As per the theory of deontology, it is found that the FTC has not done anything in order to stop the number of violations including the Cambridge analytical breach. It is found that due to the absence of their effort there are a number of complaints that are mainly associated with marketing to the children, tracking users, ignoring the privacy settings, health data as well as different types of facial recognition (Tenenbaum, 2017).Thus, as per the consequences of the actions, it can be analyzed that as FTC has not taken any step for stopping violations and therefore it is considered as one of the major ethical issue. 4.Virtue theory It is stated byMurray (2016) that virtue ethics are generally considered as one of the normative ethical theory which generally emphasizes the virtue of the minds as well as character. It is found that since the year 2011, there are a number of violations are occurring. In addition to the violations, one of the survey reflects that 80% of the people who are generally the social media usersare mainly concerned about the various businesses as well as the advertisers who generally access different types of data as well as information (FTC: Enforce the Order, 2019).The FTC has not done anything and it is found that the fines are generally not considered as enough for the FTC but it is analyzed that they must generally need to change their practices like reformation within the hiring practices, installation of the directors for representing the user’s as well as unwinding the Instagram as well as Whatsapp mergers. All the actions that are generally taken are considered to be ethical and it would be helpful in resolving the issues that are occurring due to a number of violations.
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4 ETHICAL THEORY 5.Contract theory Contract theory is considered as the study in which the people as well as the organization generally make their legal agreements (Christensen et al., 2016).It generally helps in analyzing the interest that is generally building on the basis of formal as well an informal contract. It is found that the as per the theory of contract, it is found that the as the FTC has not taken any actions in order to stop the violations that are occurring since the ear 2011 therefore it is found that fines are not enough for the FTC. The FTC must need proper changes within the entire practices of the business like reformation within the entire practices ofhiring,installationofthedirectorsforproperlyrepresentingtheusersaswellas appropriate unwinding on the Instagram as well as Whatsapp mergers (FTC: Enforce the Order, 2019).All this actions are considered as legal agreements with the FTC as the FTC needs to undertake all this actions in order to resolve the ethical issues as well as stop the challenges that are associated with the FTC. Moreover, it is found that the actions that are generally taken will helpful in resolving the ethical issues and challenges which are mainly linked with the marketing to the children’s, ignoring the setting related to privacy, users tracking as well as improper data gathering as well as appropriate facial recognition. 6.Conclusion It can be concluded from the entire paper that the news article is mainly reviewed based on the number of ethical theories in order to analyze that whether the actions that are taken for resolving the problem that occur due to violations can be resolved. It is found that the FTC must take appropriate actions in order to resolve the ethical issues that occur due to the utilization of social media and as the FTC has not taken any step against the violations that have taken in the past therefore it is necessary to fine the FTC by taking proper steps to
5 ETHICAL THEORY reform the entire practices of hiring, installation of the directors for properly representing the users.
6 ETHICAL THEORY Bibliography Christensen,H.B.,Nikolaev,V.V.,&Wittenberg‐Moerman,R.(2016).Accounting information in financial contracting: The incomplete contract theory perspective. Journal of accounting research,54(2), 397-435 Faulhaber, A. K., Dittmer, A., Blind, F., Wächter, M. A., Timm, S., Sütfeld, L. R., ... & König, P. (2019). Human decisions in moral dilemmas are largely described by utilitarianism: Virtual car driving study provides guidelines for autonomous driving vehicles.Science and engineering ethics,25(2), 399-418. FTC: Enforce the Order. (2019). Retrieved from https://epic.org/enforce-the-order/ Liu, X., Schuckert, M., & Law, R. (2018). Utilitarianism and knowledge growth during status seeking: evidence from text mining of online reviews.Tourism Management,66, 38- 46. Murray, C. (2016). Being Right or Doing Right? Employing Virtue Theory in Response to Religious Student Discourse in First-Year Writing. Sacco, D. F., Brown, M., Lustgraaf, C. J., & Hugenberg, K. (2017). The adaptive utility of deontology: Deontological moral decision-making fosters perceptions of trust and likeability.Evolutionary Psychological Science,3(2), 125-132. Tenenbaum, S. (2017). Action, deontology, and risk: against the multiplicative model.Ethics, 127(3), 674-707. Worthington, J. D., & Worthington Jr, E. L. (2019). Spiritual Formation by Training Leaders in their Indigenous Cultures: The Importance of Cultural Humility and Virtue Theory. Journal of Spiritual Formation and Soul Care,12(1), 112-134.