Circular Economy: Theories and Development in Chittagong, Bangladesh

This report discusses the concept of circular economy, its theories, and its development in Chittagong, Bangladesh. It explores the Cradle to Cradle design philosophy and the blue economy systems approach. The report also analyzes the progress of circular economy in Chittagong, focusing on barriers, enabling factors, and growth opportunities. Additionally, it proposes actions that organizations and local government can take to support the development of circular economy.

Ethics, Sustainability
and Social Impact

Contents
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................2
Define and discuss the Circular Economy (CE) referring to the theories from which it emerged..2
Introduction to this report:...........................................................................................................2
Cradle to Cradle design philosophy of McDonough and Braungart...........................................2
The blue economy systems approach described by Pauli............................................................3
Circular Economy........................................................................................................................4
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4
Choose a city in developing Commonwealth country and respond to following points.................4
Introduction to the developing commonwealth country and its city...........................................4
a)Give examples of how the Circular Economy is developing in that city.................................5
b) Analyze the progress of the circular economy in that city focusing on the barriers, enabling
factors and opportunities for its growth.......................................................................................6
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................6
Propose what organizations (local and global) and local government can do (and how and within
what time frame) to support the development of the Circular Economy........................................6
Local and International companies working for development of circular economy...................6
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................6
Report for Commonwealth Local Government Ministers Meeting on key and recommendations
for action..........................................................................................................................................6
Work done by Commonwealth Local Government Ministers for supporting Circular Economy
.....................................................................................................................................................6
Recommendations and conclusion..................................................................................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................7
Books and Journal........................................................................................................................7

TASK 1
Define and discuss the Circular Economy (CE) referring to the theories from
which it emerged.
Introduction to this report:
In order to succeed in an economy a business needs to be remaining working with Business
Ethics and has to maintain its sustainability (Ajour El Zein, Consolacion-Segura and Huertas-
Garcia, 2020). This sports a sustainable social impact on the economy which assists good
progress in the market of the company. This report contains a brief description about circular
economy with the help of various theories from which it has been emerged. Economy has been
developed in various countries in the market this report contains various examples which helps to
understand that how circular economy emerged in the City e which is situated in developing
Commonwealth country. It needs to be evaluating the progress in development of circular
economy in that city by taking care of the barriers several labeling factors and opportunities
which are required for its growth. It also contains what a company can do to support the
development of circular economy and role of local government with the time frame they can
support the development of circular economy. It also contains a report which is required to
provide to the Commonwealth local government ministers with several important
recommendations for the actions which needs to be taken by the ministers in the conducted
meeting.
Cradle to Cradle design philosophy of McDonough and Braungart
Cradle to cradle design is also popularly known as C2C design. It is a Theory which is developed
and utilized for the Revival of an economy (Brunelli and Di Carlo, 2020). It is developed or
designed by German chemist call Dr Michael Grand guard and an American architect William
McDonough in the year 1990. When De real Eyes that there is large piles of waste which has
been creating a lots of pollution in the environment, that discuss the design by which these waste
can be utilized in order to make something new and useful. It helps the environment has it
reduced toxic waste and use biological nutrients which works like a manure. This design is
useful for the maintenance of ecosystem and provides development to various companies,
societies and the environment itself. This is the reason that the circular economy is developed as
it is a philosophy which sea is that resources should be maintained by using them optimally. It
says that there is high need to reduce the waste from Mother Earth which can be minimized by
recycling or degrading it which helps to create manure for the environment which is very fertile.
C2C design is also means to influence sustainability and use the manufacturing product without

allowing it to go to the cradle (Confetto and Covucci, 2021). The main difference between cradle
to Grave and cradle to cradle is that the cradle to cradle box for the betterment of environment in
a cost-efficient manner. This method is used by circular economy so that resources can be
renewed which helps in Preservation and management of waste in the economy. The reason
behind that the philosophers have designed this theory is that they want betterment of society and
observe the ill effects which are faced because of development in the society. This model is so
flexible and adaptable that it can be applied with other related theories also.
The blue economy systems approach described by Pauli
Blue economy system is a Theory which is developed on the basis of ZERI philosophy. ZERI
stands for Zero Emission Resource & Initiative. This theory is developed or designed by Guntur
Pauli in 2004. This approach or theory works to create focus of the society towards evidence and
resource and shift the focus from resources. This theory works in a very exclusive manner in
which the reduce waste from the air during research process and take innovative startups. The
idea of this approach is is based on a scientific method in order to render a promise in naturalistic
way. The main aim of this approach to adapt in an economy is that it cuts down the cost and
helps to bring cost efficiency in a company (Dyllick and Muff, 2020). It has its Full focus on
local community in order to put several efforts to improve the working of the community. It
helps by injecting cash inflows and cash in a local economy and put and emphasizes to purchase
goods with local dealers in order to develop existing economy. The emphasis on purchasing of
local products results and purchase of more and more products which leads cut down in cost of
an organization. It is the function of circular economy which helps to uplift the economy by
reducing cost. It can later be utilized for the purpose of research and development in order to
produce goods according to the demand of customers. It also helps to produce less harmful and
effective products for the society and helps to find the ways to renew it. The major focus of this
approach is on the businesses which are operating at small and medium scale. It has not focused
large organization as they include several Complex operations which is too hard to change and
this approach required organization which can adapt changes.
Circular Economy
The idea of circular economy system has been established in the year 1970 (Fortenberry and
Reddy, 2020). It is a concept which helps to work with sustainability in the market improving the

resources and amending its existence. This theory is developed because of the help of cradle to
cradle theory in the book of William McDonough (López-Arceiz, Santamaría and del Río, 2020).
In order to make a better economy of a country in order to provide a better place to the residence
the concept of circular economy has been focus by stakeholders in which most importantly
Government and the residents. It focus to manufacture or produce goods in a way that they can
be recycled Ori used. They are designed in a sustainable manner which helps to develop
capabilities of working. The main difference between circular economy and linear economy is
that circular economy focus to use existing product as raw material in order to create another
product while linear economy use waste raw material to make a new product. Not only cradle to
cradle design but also blue economy system approach is also related two circular economy as it
helps to apply left local community. Through this approach local and small entrepreneurs can be
focused and improve their sales which will ultimately support them in order to sustain in the
economy. It helps to develop external environment a better place to exist. The concept of circular
economy has been change in very fast manner which is improved in order to became a new
model for resilient growth of an economy. Both approaches which are discussed above are
completely related with the circular economy and watch country can perform to reduce the
pressure and impact on the economy full stop it helps to reduce pollution and waste during the
manufacturing which is very high when a product is manufactured (Lopez, 2020). All the
discussion helps to understand that both the theories helps circular economy in a very supportive
as well as effective way.
TASK 2
Choose a city in developing Commonwealth country and respond to following
points
Introduction to the developing commonwealth country and its city
A place where development has been take place with the help of circular economy is known as
developing Commonwealth country. Circular economy is very essential in order to reduce
wastage of resources and make the production cost effective and efficient for the economy.
Industry which causes second largest pollution in the world is the clothing industry which is
vigorously changing. Huge pollution is generated with the organizations of this industry and

leads to fill of large Grounds with dump yards (MAGILL, 2020). In order to consider a
developing Commonwealth country it is suggested to consider Bangladesh where circular
economy is followed. The country e is operating with the system of circular economy in order to
reduce wastes which are produced during the production of clothes and working in a direction to
use sustainable techniques to produce clothes which can reduce pressure on the economy. There
is a country in Bangladesh which is Chittagong which can be considered hair as it follows
circular economy. In this city the clothes are produced with the help of invisible plastic in order
to least temper the oceans which shows the focus of the city on circular economy. Several
officials in the City are functioning in the direction to create awareness among the people of the
city in order to reduce the impact of plastic on environment. It is created because of rapidly
increasing number of manufacturing as well as production industry.
a)Give examples of how the Circular Economy is developing in that city.
There are several examples through which it can be ascertained that in the City e of Bangladesh
circular Economics is developing day by day. Chittagong is planning to implement new
technique as well as strategies to manufacture clothes with an objective to reduce use of fabrics
which are made with high involvement of plastic like nylon coma polyester acrylic and many
more. These fabrics which contain plastic led to contamination of ocean and other water bodies
in which these are collected which makes hard for the water animals to survive in the water
bodies. It is because of implementation of circular economy in the city that the city is able to
reduce the waste by recycling and reusing the resources. Many organizations of clothing industry
are working in a direction to reuse the waste by recycling them either to make a complete your
product or make the existing one to be used again (Najjar, Small and M Yasin, 2020). It will let's
to reduce the wastage to be dumped in the ocean and water bodies and stop the generation of new
fabrics which contain plastic. Not only this but circular economy also helps a country to use their
very wisely. This helps them to become creative and innovative in nature and build high as well
as competent employees in the economy in order to perform wonders.
b) Analyze the progress of the circular economy in that city focusing on the barriers, enabling
factors and opportunities for its growth.
Circular economy not only helps to uplift an economy of a country but also helps open
individual. This is the reason that each and every individual of the city Chittagong has supported

circular economy in this city at their best level. But there are several challenges and effects that
are faced by city in circular economy which affects the growth and development of the city. It
will lead to reduce the impact of circular economy in the country. Several products which are
used in an economy which creates lots of pollution but their wastage cannot be either reduced or
renewed (Tams, 2020) It results in in continuation of drawing of waste in the oceans or other
water bodies which create lots of pollution and put the past efforts in a vein. It will lead to the
dullness Ho progress of circular economy in the City which reduce the past efforts full stop the
clothes which are produced for long period of time creates more trouble to the economy. The
major challenges which are faced by an economy in order to implement circular economy
explained in detail below:
 It is very difficult to recycle or reconnect various products from the market. Some of the
products are used in such a manner that they cannot be used again by the organisation
also which results in increase of waste age of such clothes.
 In various cases it became very difficult for both Industries, that is the industry which is
producing the product and the other one is the industry which is working to recycle or
collect the products, to co-operate and co-ordinate with each other.
TASK 3
Propose what organizations (local and global) and local government can do
(and how and within what time frame) to support the development of the
Circular Economy.
Local and International companies working for development of circular economy
There are various companies which year established with the neem to improve the use of circular
economy in the country by taking various steps. In order to achieve this they have one systematic
as well as strategic plan of action to be implemented in the market. Both the companies domestic
as well as International are involved in in this circular economy which is pollution is a global
issue and is connected with each and every person of the world. Techniques and methods are
used in order to provide and support sustainable development in the economy and operates and

direction of circular economy creates high brand value of the company. Their efforts and its
impacts can be seen as given below:
 Separate containers can be used in each and every step of the process in order to
segregate the waste at starting level which will reduce the wastage of time to segregate
the waste and makes the recycling process easy for the company.
 Complete suspend more on the research and development process in order to adapt new
and advanced technology in the organization to recycle waste full stop it will help the
organisation to attract more and more customers to them as they have a simplified
process to follow-up circular economy in market.
 Employees need to be provide training in order to make them efficient and trained in the
technique so that they can be implemented in the organisation in easy way with less
problems. It will also help to improve and increase the morale of the employees as this
training will help in the betterment of their career and also beneficial for the organisation.
 When an organization has Full focus on 4 hours of circular economy that are reduce
repair reuse and recycle, it helps them to enhance their Goodwill in the market which
results in cost efficient production process and adventure and you properly it will result in
reduction of cost of production in the industry (Vardari, Luan and Gashi, 2020)
Along with the local as well as International organizations the local government of Chittagong in
Bangladesh also supports to develop and implement circular economy in the City. Government
take several measures in order to focus on sustainability e off of an economy as it is very
essential for a country or a city to grow in the Global world. They prepare several agendas
strategies at laws and reservation in order to provide a good working as well as living
environment to the residents and organizations in the economy.

TASK 4
Report for Commonwealth Local Government Ministers Meeting on key and
recommendations for action
Work done by Commonwealth Local Government Ministers for supporting Circular Economy
The Common Wealth Association box in the direction of development of the developing as well
as underdeveloped countries in order to examine their existing working conditions full stop is
Bangladesh is a member of Commonwealth Association which is listed and the association also
examine and evaluate the the existing working condition of particular organization (Weber and
Chowdury, 2020). After this process the officials prepare the whole scenario of the country
which will help them to frame rules and regulations for the same. The local government
ministers of Commonwealth Association helps economy to take diseases which are effective and
remarkable and are related to the technical knowhow. The countries and Commonwealth
ministers popularly known for their advancement in technology and have efficient funds and
there capable enough provide knowledgeable as well as financial help in order to to improve
development of communities in a good manner. Wait for several events as well as programs
which are related to the spread of awareness among the individuals in timely manner which
shows need of more working in effective manner for the same.
Recommendations and conclusion
From all the above discussion it can be concluded that circular economy is an essential part of
any country and organizations that country in order to work in cost effective manner. All this is
due to the sustainability it bring in the environment in order to make it work with less pressure.
In order to follow circular economy in the country the Government of the country e can make
strict as well as impulsive rules in the country and make each and every person bound to follow
them. Organizations can also create search strict rules and guidelines in order to make them
follow in the organization. It will help to make aware each and every individual about the ill
effects of not working with circular economy. When every individual will be aware of these
negative effects they will improve their existing way of working according to that. In

organizations they can create more focus on these Plans by workshops meeting seminars cultural
events and many more to make it clear that circular economy should be followed in the market

REFERENCES
Books and Journal
Ajour El Zein, S., Consolacion-Segura, C. and Huertas-Garcia, R., 2020. The role of
sustainability in brand equity value in the financial sector. Sustainability, 12(1), p.254.
Brunelli, S. and Di Carlo, E., 2020. Accountability, Ethics and Sustainability of
Organizations. Accounting, Finance, Sustainability, Governance and Fraud: Theory and
Application. Chapters, 4, pp.82-123.
Confetto, M.G. and Covucci, C., 2021. A taxonomy of sustainability topics: a guide to set the
corporate sustainability content on the web. The TQM Journal.
Dyllick, T. and Muff, K., 2020. A Positive Impact Rating for Business Schools: Case
Study. Sustainability, 12(22), p.9551.
Fortenberry, S.L. and Reddy, S.L., 2020. Understanding the role of sustainability in social
ventures. Sustainability in Fashion, 1(1).
Lopez, B., 2020. Connecting business and sustainable development goals in Spain. Marketing
Intelligence & Planning.
López-Arceiz, F.J., Santamaría, R. and del Río, C., 2020. Sustainability for European investors:
Evidence from a sustainable ranking. Revista de Contabilidad-Spanish Accounting
Review, 23(2), pp.148-166.
MAGILL, G., 2020. CHAPTER EIGHTEEN ETHICS AND THE GLOBAL
SUSTAINABILITY CHALLENGE. The Global Sustainability Challenge, p.226.
Najjar, M., Small, M.H. and M Yasin, M., 2020. Social Sustainability Strategy across the Supply
Chain: A Conceptual Approach from the Organisational Perspective. Sustainability, 12(24),
p.10438.
Tams, S., 2020. The dynamics of responsible careers and their impact on societal issues: A
conceptual framework. In Research Handbook of Responsible Management. Edward Elgar
Publishing.
Vardari, D., Luan, S. and Gashi, R., 2020. The Impact of Corporate Sustainability Index on BIST
Sustainability Index. European Journal of Sustainable Development, 9(2), pp.375-390.
Weber, O. and Chowdury, R.K., 2020. Corporate Sustainability in Bangladeshi Banks: Proactive
or Reactive Ethical Behavior?. Sustainability, 12(19), p.7999.