Ethics, Sustainability and Social Impact

Ethics sustainability
and social impact

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1. Define and discuss the Circular Economy (CE) referring to the theories from which it
emerged............................................................................................................................................3
Circular Economy.......................................................................................................................3
The blue economy systems approach described by Pauli...........................................................4
Cradle to Cradle design philosophy of McDonough and Braungart...........................................4
TASK 2 Choose a city in developing Commonwealth country and respond to the following tasks:
..........................................................................................................................................................5
Introduction to the developing commonwealth country and its emerging city...........................5
Give examples of how the Circular Economy is developing in that city ...................................6
b) Analyse the progress of the circular economy in that city by focusing the barriers, enabling
factors and opportunities for its growth......................................................................................7
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................8
Propose what companies (local and international) and local government can do to support the
development of the Circular Economy............................................................................................8
Local as well as International companies working for development of circular economy.........8
Local government working for development of circular economy.............................................9
TASK 4. ........................................................................................................................................10
Report for Commonwealth Local Government Ministers Meeting on key and recommendations
for action........................................................................................................................................10
Work done by Commonwealth Local Government Ministers for supporting Circular Economy
...................................................................................................................................................10
Recommendations for the actions that support circular economy............................................10
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Business ethics and sustainability is very important factor that affect the business
activities and functions. Various economic factors facilitates the business to ensure its progress
in economy. The concept of circular economy is defined as a systematic approach that facilitates
the economic development through designing various beneficial factors to business, society as
well as environment. In this report concept of circular economy and its respective theories that
facilitates business to work in sustainable manner in various economic conditions. There are
various local as well as international companies used these polices in order to tale competitive
advantages. Commonwealth is the described as the association for various countries that are
exist all around the world. In the commonwealth community number of countries are working
that applies circular economic theories in order to develop their economic standers. In the
circular economy different theories is used that facilitates smooth and effective working.
TASK 1. Define and discuss the Circular Economy (CE) referring to the
theories from which it emerged
Circular Economy
The concept of circular economy is introduced in year of 1970 as a system that facilitate
organisation to work with sustainability in the competitive environment. It is referred as the
systematic approach that facilitates the economic development by creating various benefits to the
environment, society as well as business. The main objective of circular economy is to redefine
the growth of economy and focus upon the facilitates the society by providing various benefits, it
different from various current take-make-waste model of industry. Generally, it is relate to the
compiling various economic activities with consumption of definite resources as well as
designing the waste material that affect the environment(Alhola,,2019). There are basically three
principles that define circular economy in best manner such as designing the waste and material,
generate natural system of production, and ensure effective utilisation of resources. Circular
economy is come in existence by Cradle to Cradle theory introduced by architect William
McDonough in his book.
There are various factors such as stakeholders, government and residence who focus
upon the maintain as well as develop economy in effective manner in order to make it
sustainable. The concept is related to the producing and manufacturing products, so they can

easily reused and recycled. Products arr deigned in sustainable manner that reduce the harmful
affects on the economy like organisations promote the less use plastic in its production process.
Other concept of linear economy, it is based on the concept of using existing products as the raw
material for other product respectively(Chen,, Hung, and Ma, 2020). Blue economy system is
also the related to the circular economy as it focus upon making better lifestyle of local
community. Local entrepreneurs of a country focus upon the enhancing their sales of product
that ensure the development of economy in which organisation conduct its operations effectively.
In the circular economy various changes are happened by adopting new theories and concepts. In
the process of manufacturing product, high level of pollution is created that affect the
environment negatively. In the circular economy, business develop various concept and theories
that are helpful to decrease the negative impact upon the environment. These theories help the
organisation to sustain in the competitive environment and take competitive advantages.
Theories of circular economy:
The blue economy systems approach described by Pauli
The respective approach of blue economy system is based on the concept of ZERL which
is Zero Emissions Research and Initiative philosophy. The model is introduces in year of 2004
by the Gunter Pauli. The main objective of blue economy system is to shift the focus of society
to the effective utilisation of resource from the scarcity of respective resources. The respective
blue economic system focus on the local economy by reducing the cost and brings cost effective
approach in the organisation. Local economy improves its working procedure by injective cash
inflows in the economy. This model facilitates the economy to develop the its various factors in
order to provide numerous benefits to the environment.
Cradle to Cradle design philosophy of McDonough and Braungart
Cradle to Cradle is also called as C2C design that is referred as a theory that is developed
and created for the regeneration of respective economy. The respective theory is developed by
the German chemist and American architect William McDonough which states that waste
product and materials can be used in the creating new products or make some changes in the
existing one(Chen, , 2020). It's main focus is upon the enhancing the ecosystem in economy by
reducing various toxic ingredients and enhance the use of biological nutrients that facilitates the
economy by working as the manure. By applying this theory, economy can work in clearly
defined symmetrical framework that facilitates ensure the development of companies,

environment as well as societies. Effective development and utilisation of this philosophy is
depends upon the effectively utilise and maintain resources optimally and effectively.
The circular economy is development of this philosophy where the worth of resources are
maintained by using them optimally
Contingency and structural influence of circular business theory: It is the main
perspective that influences the various management challenges in implementing contingency
factors, conceptualization environmental changes and respective structure in order to implement
the concept in the economy(Cheshire,2019). In this the respective companies and management
can create the values by configuring as well as reconfiguring the existing as well as new
resources. Contingency and structural theory is forced companies to think about their resources
and redistribute them in the internal business environment and fulfil all requirement of the
environment.
Transaction costs and contracting between partners theory: Current environment is full
of various uncertainties that raise the risk for the organisations as well as it enhance the
contracting cost. There is a contract is created that contains all information about the rules and
regulation of the partnership and define the clear role of every partner so they can easily
conducts their work related to job role. These partners are come together to accomplish the
circular economy goals and objectives effectively and efficiently. Transaction cost theory is
related to understand the who partner collaborate in contract design to ensure the mutual
benefits. It facilitates the organisation to maintain the close material loop and develop
collaboration. This theory ensures that all organisation work together to achieve the circular
economy objectives effectively.
TASK 2 Choose a city in developing Commonwealth country and respond to
the following tasks:
Introduction to the developing commonwealth country and its emerging city
The developing commonwealth country is referred as the aggregation of various
countries that follow the all rules and regulations of circular economy and working for the
development and advancement of economy(Daou, 2020). Circular economy approach facilitates
the economy to reduce the level of wastage that leads towards cost effective and efficient

procedure. Second industry that produce much pollution is clothing industry, in which dynamic
changes are happened with time. In Bangladesh, developing commonwealth commonwealth
country is studied and the country implement the concept of circular economy. Respective
country focus upon the reducing waste from the production procedure and utilise sustainable
techniques in the clothing industry that decrease the negative impact or pressure on the
respective country's economy. In Bangladesh, Chittagong is followed all concepts as well as
theories of circular economy(Gardetti, ., 2019). The city focus on the concept of circular
economy in the clothing industry and its production process and avoiding the plastic use in the
production in order to decreasing the impact on the oceans. It also work in direction of enhancing
awareness as well as reducing the use and harmful effects upon the environment because of
increasing the manufacturing industries in the respective city.
Give examples of how the Circular Economy is developing in that city
Inculcation as well as adaptation of circular economy facilitates the city or its
organisations to conduct activities with sustainability in the competitive environment. In the city
of Bangladesh, Chittagong where large number of companies are involved in the manufacturing
and production activities. Fashion or clothing industry is generate pollution in the environment.
Respective organisations includes various circular economy theories in working procedure in
order to reduce the negative impact on the earth by recycling the waste material and again use it
in production process. For the betterment and enhancement of the society as well as economy. It
focus upon the government officials to save environment from any negative effect. Like
Chittagong city implements various new competitive strategies and techniques in clothing
manufacturing industry to reduce the utilisation of fabric that is made by the high plastic
material such as polyester, acrylic, nylon and polyamide.(Iaquaniello, 2018). This type of fabrics
spread the large amount of plastics in the water bodies like in oceans that effect the purity of
water and increase the difficulty to water animals in breathing and sustain in the water. In the
respective city industries and organisation execute effective strategies and circular economy to
reduce the diffusion the waste material by reusing and recycling them. Various organisations as
well as companies involves in the process of using waste material by reusing or recycling them
in order to produce totally new product or in the use as the raw material in the existing products.
This process reduce the pollution of the economy in effective manner. Circular economy
performs the important role to ensure the sustainable use of various materials and consumption.

The respective concept direct and instruct the country to effectively utilised natural as well as
manual resources in order to increase the production and profitability. It lead the organisation
towards the adopting innovation and creativity in the working process that facilitates to create
highly competent workforce and provide better quality product and services to society and
customers.
b) Analyse the progress of the circular economy in that city by focusing the barriers, enabling
factors and opportunities for its growth
The concept of circular economy is implementing for the betterment and development of
economy, because of this characteristic every organisation and individual is focus on executing
the circular economy in activities(Joensuu,, Edelman,. and Saari,., 2020). Apart from that , there
are various factors that affect the growth and development of the economy and also impact the
circular economy. In the city various products are produced that creates high level pollution and
these products are consumed by the customers t high level. Clothing products that are created
for the long time develop various problems as well as create negative impacts. There are various
berries and opportunities are provided by circular economy in order to develop economic
conditions effectively. These barriers are discussed below:
 Some time it creates the problem to make connection between the industries such as the
company which produce the products and services and the other one which is working for
the recycling these products.
 Reuse and recycling of some products are very difficult because of their waste outlooks.
This type of products enhance the waste materials that effect the economy.
 Many places have the lack of appropriate waste infrastructure in the Chittagong. There
are no proper waste collection and management system. So waste is diffusing in the
river , oceans and water bodies that effect them( Barriers to the Circular Economy,2021)
 It is the barriers that the country or city do not have enough technology of recycling. So
materials such as plastic is increased and effect the environment. Using wrong business
model is also creates problem.
Circular economy provides various opportunities to ensure the growth of economy. These
opportunities are discussed below:
 Circulate economy ensure the effective utilisation of economic resources. It provides the
opportunities to conduct business activities in effective and in efficient manner.

 It facilitates to protect heath of human being and biodiversity. The respective concept
boost economic conditions as well(Opportunities of circular economy,2021)
 Circular economy facilitate the Chittagong to create the more job and increase the
employment rate.
TASK 3.
Propose what companies (local and international) and local government can
do to support the development of the Circular Economy
Local as well as International companies working for development of circular economy
There are several measure are adopted by the local and international companies in order
to achieve defined target an goals if the circular economy. Different strategic and systematic
plans are formulated according the requirement and implement them in the organisation to
ensure the sustainable development(Kouhizadeh,., Zhu, and Sarkis, 2020). Local as well as
international, both organisations support the development of circular economy because in this era
of globalisation each and every place is connected with each other effectively. Various
techniques and methods are utilise efficiently to ensure sustainable development of economy.
This act is able to enhance the brand value of respective organisation in competitive market
place. Several efforts are discussed below:
 Companies conduct the proper research and development in order to innovate new
working procedure and techniques. This will facilitates the companies to implement
various innovation in the organisational activities and function.
 Local as well as international companies take the separate containers to collect the waste
products initially. So recycling of products take less time and efforts.
 Companies focus on the process of reuse, recycle, repair, reduce. This is the cost effective
process and facilitates the organisation to use its resources effectively(Ünal, Urbinati,
and Chiaroni,, 2019). If companies follow 4Ps then it will reduce the overall cost of
production.
 Organisations conduct various training and development programs to trained their
employees so they can implement techniques in efficient manner. Regular training
enhance the morale of employees, inspire and motivate them to achieve career goals and
objectives of their personal as well as organisation.

 Local as well international companies implement the corporate social responsibility in the
organisation in order to develop the economy and lead it towards the circular economy.
 In the industry various companies are working together in form of teams. These
industries pay their attention towards recycling the products in order to protect
environment.
Local government working for development of circular economy
Local government bodies also working towards the development as well as effectively
implementation of circular economy.(Kumar, ,2019). Government formulate various rules and
regulations in order to upliftment of economy and its respective country. It is the responsibility
of government to ensure that respective organisations follow the all rules and regulations
related to the circular economy. Government of Bangladesh work towards the spreading
awareness and also ensures that all necessary measures are followed. Various efforts of
government to favour the circular economy is discussed below:
 Various lows and legislations are formulated by the government that are mandatory to
follow by every organisation. There are strict rules are issued by the government that if
organisation do not follow these rules then they will be penalised.
 Government of specific country formulate an agenda and execute it in systematic manner.
These strategies are focused on the development of respective circular economy.
 Various strategies are implemented as well as managed on regular bases in rural as well
as in urban areas. There are several ratification are also done in order to favour the
circular economy enforcement.
 Government bodies support as well influence the organisation to grow in competitive
environment. To attain this goal organisation should follow all rules and regulations that
are enforced by the government.
In order to achieve defined target of working towards the circular economy various rules
and regulations are followed by the local as well international companied that are formulated by
their receptive government(Moktadir, ,2020). How ever, it is on going process, it these are
followed by organisations effectively then goals and objectives are efficiently achieved.

TASK 4.
Report for Commonwealth Local Government Ministers Meeting on key and
recommendations for action
Work done by Commonwealth Local Government Ministers for supporting Circular Economy
In the commonwealth association, Bangladesh is the active and listed member. The whole
work of respective association is to ensure development of the underdeveloped as well as
developing member countries after examining and evaluating the current working condition of
respective organisations. Official authorities create the appropriate scenario for the respective
country then experts define and frame all policies and regulations. Respective commonwealth
local government minsters frame the effective as well as remarkable circular economy decisions
that facilitates the country to fulfil all defined aspects efficiently(Saavedra, , 2018). This will
enhance the knowledge about the various factors such as technical and economical properly.
Commonwealth ministers as well as developed countries enhance their competencies about the
technical advancement and other effective factors. It provides various financial as well as
knowledge support that is able to enhance the development rate of communities efficiently.
Local government making aware of individual and organisations related to the various events
and programmes on regular bases. This will facilitates to achieve the objective of circular
economy in effective as well as efficient manner.
Recommendations for the actions that support circular economy
It is recommended that circular economy plays the important role in the countries and
organisations working procedure. It facilitates the organisations to ensure their sustainability in
the competitive environment and help it to work with less pressure. Local government
organisations formulate the strict as well as impulsive rules and regulation, so every person and
organisation follow these regulations effectively(Saidani,,2017). It will spread awareness about
negative and adverse effects of by not implementing regulations in their working procedure, this
will move them towards the adopt the sustainability and include various circular economy
aspects in their working. Government put efforts in order to make effective plans to ensure that
individual ans organization follow the circular economy regulations. Meetings, workshops and
cultural events are being conducted in order to gain the social and environmental objectives

effectively(Sauerwein, 2019). There are various groups are formulated that work together to
accomplish social welfare goals.
CONCLUSION
As per above discussion, it can be concluded that ethics sustainability is very important
factor for the growth and development of organisation. There are various social impacts that
affect organisation as well as country's performance and productivity. Circular economy is a
systematic approach that is formulated in order to provide various benefits to the economy,
society and other parties. There are various theories are used by the organisation to ensure the
circular economy in the organisational activities. Local as well as international companies and
government working towards maintaining circular economy.

REFERENCES
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development tools in the circular economy transition process: A firm‐level
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Chen, T. L.,AND ET. AL., 2020. Implementation of green chemistry principles in circular
economy system towards sustainable development goals: Challenges and
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Cheshire, D., 2019. Building revolutions: Applying the circular economy to the built
environment. Routledge.
Daou, A., and et. al., 2020. The Ecocanvas as a business model canvas for a circular
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Iaquaniello, G., and et. al., 2018. Frontispiece: Waste to Chemicals for a Circular
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Kouhizadeh, M., Zhu, Q. and Sarkis, J., 2020. Blockchain and the circular economy: potential
tensions and critical reflections from practice. Production Planning & Control. 31(11-
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Kumar, V., and et. al.,2019. Circular economy in the manufacturing sector: benefits,
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step towards sustainable development. Journal of Cleaner Production. 251. p.119737.
Saavedra, Y. M., and et. al., 2018. Theoretical contribution of industrial ecology to circular
economy. Journal of cleaner production. 170. pp.1514-1522.
Saidani, M., and et. al.,2017. How to assess product performance in the circular economy?
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Sauerwein, M., and et. al.,2019. Exploring the potential of additive manufacturing for product
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Online:
Barriers to the Circular Economy.2021 [Online] Available through
:<https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221282711730149X>

Opportunities of circular economy.2021 [Online] Available through
:<https://www.wri.org/blog/2021/02/5-opportunities-circular-economy>